[Machine] From the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and then from the successors after him, it is narrated that they were devout in the Fajr prayer. It is well known from Umar in authentic narrations that he used to be devout in the Fajr prayer. So if they sometimes neglected it unintentionally or intentionally, that indicates that it is not obligatory. And when it is not reported from any of them that they performed the prostrations of forgetfulness for it, that indicates that there is no prostration of forgetfulness for it. And Allah knows best.

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ عَنِ الْخُلَفَاءِ بَعْدَهُ أَنَّهُمْ قَنَتُوا فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ وَمَشْهُورٌ عَنْ عُمَرَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ صَحِيحَةٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْنُتُ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ فَلَئِنْ تَرَكُوهُ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَحَايِينِ سَهْوًا أَوْ عَمْدًا دَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى كَوْنِهِ غَيْرَ وَاجِبٍ وَحِينَ لَمْ يَنْقُلْ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَنَّهُ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ لِذَلِكَ دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا سُجُودَ فِي السَّهْوِ عَنْهُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ

[Machine] It was narrated that the Prophet ﷺ performed the Dhuhr prayer as five units. When he finished, someone asked him, "Did you increase the prayer?" He replied, "No." They said, "But you prayed five units." Then he prostrated twice for forgetfulness. This hadith was narrated by Sulaiman, but he did not mention the odd number of units for Dhuhr. When the Prophet ﷺ finished and prostrated twice for forgetfulness, Shu'bah narrated it as previously mentioned. We also narrated it from Ibrahim ibn Suwaid, from Alqamah, who completed the narration.

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ خَمْسًا فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ قِيلَ أَزِيدَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ؟ قَالَ لَا قَالُوا صَلَّيْتَ خَمْسًا فَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ شَاذَانُ الظُّهْرَ وَقَالَ فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ وَقَالَ فَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ أَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ كَمَا مَضَى وَرُوِّينَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ

[Machine] Prostrate now.

اسْجُدِ الْآنَ

[Machine] If he enters the mosque and does not prostrate until he leaves the mosque, there is nothing upon him.

إِذَا سَهَا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَلَمْ يَسْجُدْ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ

when one of you is in doubt about his prayer (i.e, how much he has prayed), he should throw away his doubt and base his prayer on what he is sure of. When he is sure about the completion of his prayer, he should make two prostrations (at the end of the prayer). If the prayer is complete, the additional rak’ah and the two prostrations will be supererogatory prayer. If the prayer is incomplete, the additional rak’ahs will compensate it, and the two prostrations will be a disgrace for the devil. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1024)

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا شَكَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلْيُلْقِ الشَّكَّ وَلْيَبْنِ عَلَى الْيَقِينِ فَإِذَا اسْتَيْقَنَ التَّمَامَ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ صَلَاتُهُ تَامَّةً كَانَتِ الرَّكْعَةُ نَافِلَةً وَالسَّجْدَتَانِ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ نَاقِصَةً كَانَتِ الرَّكْعَةُ تَمَامًا لِصَلَاتِهِ وَكَانَتِ السَّجْدَتَانِ مُرْغِمَتَيِ الشَّيْطَانِ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Indeed, the imam suffices for those behind him. If the imam makes a mistake, he should perform the two prostrations of forgetfulness, and those behind him should also prostrate with him. But if someone behind him makes a mistake, he does not have to prostrate, as the imam's prostration suffices for him." Kharijah ibn Mus'ab narrated from Abu al-Husayn al-Madini from Salim ibn Abdullah from his father from Umar from the Prophet ﷺ with a similar meaning. Abu al-Husayn is unknown and al-Hakam ibn Abdullah is weak. Allah knows best.

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَكْفِي مَنْ وَرَاءَهُ فَإِنْ سَهَا الْإِمَامُ فَعَلَيْهِ سَجْدَتَا السَّهْوِ وَعَلَى مَنْ وَرَاءَهُ أَنْ يَسْجُدُوا مَعَهُ وَإِنْ سَهَا أَحَدٌ مِمَّنْ خَلْفَهُ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ وَالْإِمَامُ يَكْفِيهِ وَرَوَى خَارِجَةُ بْنُ مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحُسَيْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَأَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ هَذَا مَجْهُولٌ وَالْحَكَمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ ضَعِيفٌ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ

[Machine] Regarding the scholars from the people of Madinah, they used to say that the Imam's covering (i.e. religious authority) is a covering for those behind him, whether few or many, while he carries their burdens.

عَنِ الْفُقَهَاءِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ سُتْرَةُ الْإِمَامِ سُتْرَةٌ لِمَنْ خَلْفَهُ قَلُّوا أَوْ كَثُرُوا وَهُوَ يَحْمِلُ أَوْهَامَهُمْ

Abdullah bin Buhainah told him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up following two rak'ahs of Zuhr and did not sit down (for tashahhud). When he finished the prayer he prostrated twice, saying Takbir for each prostration, while he was sitting, before he said the taslim, and the people prostrated with him. (He did that) in place of the sitting that he had forgotten. (Using translation from Nasāʾī 1261)

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَامَ فِي اثْنَتَيْنِ مِنَ الظُّهْرِ فَلَمْ يَجْلِسْ فَلَمَّا قَضَى صَلَاتَهُ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ يُكَبِّرُ فِي كُلِّ سَجْدَةٍ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ قَبْلَ السَّلَامِ وَسَجَدَهُمَا النَّاسُ مَعَهُ مَكَانَ مَا نَسِيَ مِنَ الْجُلُوسِ

[Machine] I and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to Abdullah ibn Awf and he had already prayed a unit of prayer with the people. Then he went to delay it, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured to him to stay and we prayed what we could catch up with and made up for what we missed.

انْتَهَيْتُ أَنَا وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَقَدْ صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ رَكْعَةً فَذَهَبَ يَسْتَأْخِرُ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ أَنِ اثْبُتْ فَصَلَّيْنَا مَا أَدْرَكْنَا وَقَضَيْنَا مَا سُبِقْنَا بِهِ

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ lagged behind (in a journey). He then narrated this story saying : Then we came to people. ‘Abd al-Rahman was leading them in the dawn prayer. When he perceived the presence of the Prophet ﷺ, he intended to retire. The Prophet ﷺ asked him to continue and I and the Prophet ﷺoffered one rak’ah of prayer behind him. When he had pronounced the salutation, the Prophet ﷺ got up and offered the rak’ah which had been finished before, and he made no addition to it. Abu Dawud said: Abu Sa’id al-Khudri, Ibn al-Zubair and Ibn ‘Umar hold the opinion that whoever gets an odd number of the rak’ahs of prayer, he should perform two prostrations on account of forgetfulness. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 152)

تَخَلَّفَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةً قَالَ فَأَتَيْنَا النَّاسَ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ يُصَلِّي بِهُمُ الصُّبْحَ فَلَمَّا رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَأَخَّرَ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَمْضِيَ قَالَ فَصَلَّيْتُ أَنَا وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ خَلْفَهُ رَكْعَةً فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ قَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَصَلَّى الرَّكْعَةَ الَّتِي سُبِقَ بِهَا وَلَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَيْهَا شَيْئًا قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ وَابْنُ عُمَرَ وَابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ يَقُولُونَ مَنْ أَدْرَكَ الْفَرْضَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْهِ سَجْدَتَا السَّهْوِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَحَدِيثُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُتَّبَعَ

Abu Hurairah reported the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying; When one of you stands up to pray, the devil comes to him and confuses him so that he does not know how much he has prayed. If any of you has such an experience, he should perform two prostrations while he is sitting. Abu Dawud said; This tradition has been narrated in a similar manner by Ibn ‘Uyainab, Ma’mar and al-Laith. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1030)

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ إِذَا قَامَ يُصَلِّي جَاءَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ فَلَبَّسَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى لَا يَدْرِي كَمْ صَلَّى فَإِذَا وَجَدَ أَحَدُكُمْ ذَلِكَ فَلْيَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up for the Dhuhr prayer while he was sitting. When he completed his prayer, he performed two prostrations, saying takbir in each prostration, while he was still sitting, before making the Salam. The people also performed these two prostrations along with him wherever they were sitting. The narration did not mention any difference in their sitting positions except that Abu 'Amr did not say 'As-Saddi (As-Saddi is the name of the place where the Prophet had made the prostrations), nor did he say Halif bin 'Abdul-Muttalib.

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَامَ فِي صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ وَعَلَيْهِ جُلُوسٌ فَلَمَّا أَتَمَّ صَلَاتَهُ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ يُكَبِّرُ فِي كُلِّ سَجْدَةٍ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ وَسَجَدَهُمَا النَّاسُ مَعَهُ مَكَانَ مَا نَسِيَ مِنَ الْجُلُوسِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِهِمَا سَوَاءٌ إِلَّا أَنَّ أَبَا عَمْرٍو لَمْ يَقُلْ الْأَسَدِيِّ وَلَا حَلِيفِ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up from sitting and he said, "wait for his peace". Then he said the takbeer, then he prostrated, then said the takbeer again, then raised his head, then said the takbeer again, then prostrated, then said the takbeer again, then raised his head, and then said the peace.

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ سَهَا عَنْ قُعُودٍ قَامَ عَنْهُ قَالَ فَانْتَظَرْنَا سَلَامَهُ فَكَبَّرَ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ فَسَجَدَ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ

The Prophet ﷺ offered one of the evening prayers (the sub-narrator Muhammad said, "I think that it was most probably the ʿAsr prayer") and he finished it after offering two rakʿat only. He then stood near a price of wood in front of the Mosque and put his hand over it. Abu Bakr and ʿUmar were amongst those who were present, but they dared not talk to him about that (because of excessive respect for him), and those who were in a hurry went out. They said, "Has the prayer been reduced?" A man who was called Dhul-Yadain by the Prophet ﷺ said (to the Prophet), "Has the prayer been reduced or have you forgotten?" He said, "Neither have I forgotten, nor has the prayer been reduced." He said, "Certainly you have forgotten." So the Prophet ﷺ offered two more rakʿat and performed Taslim and then said Takbir and performed a prostration of Sahu like his ordinary prostration or a bit longer and then raised his head and said Takbir and then put his head down and performed a prostration like his ordinary prostration or a bit longer, and then raised his head and said Takbir. (Using translation from Bukhārī 1229)

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَلَّى إِحْدَى صَلَاتِي الْعَشِيِّ الظُّهْرَ أَوِ الْعَصْرَ وَأَكْبَرُ ظَنِّي أَنَّهُ قَالَ الظُّهْرَ فَسَلَّمَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ وَقَامَ إِلَى خَشَبَةٍ فِي مُقَدَّمِ الْمَسْجِدِ وَهُوَ غَضْبَانُ فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَيْهَا وَفِي النَّاسِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ فَهَابَاهُ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَاهُ وَخَرَجَ سَرَعَانُ النَّاسِ فَقَالُوا أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ؟ أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ؟ وَفِي النَّاسِ رَجُلٌ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَدْعُوهُ ذَا الْيَدَيْنِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَنَسِيتَ أَمْ قَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ لَمْ أَنْسَ وَلَمْ تَقْصُرِ الصَّلَاةُ قَالَ بَلْ نَسِيتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ صَدَقَ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ فَسَجَدَ مِثْلَ سُجُودِهِ أَوْ أَطْوَلَ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَكَبَّرَ ثُمَّ وَضَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَكَبَّرَ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ مِثْلَ سُجُودِهِ أَوْ أَطْوَلَ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ وَكَبَّرَ

[Machine] About the Prophet ﷺ in the story of the man with two hands, he exclaimed "Allahu Akbar" (Allah is the Greatest) and prostrated. Hisham ibn Hassa narrated that he exclaimed "Allahu Akbar" and prostrated. Hammad bin Yazid narrated this separately from Hisham and other narrators from Ibn Sirin. Then, other narrators from Hisham ibn Hassa did not remember the first takbir, but Hammad ibn Zaid did remember both. May Allah have mercy on him.

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قِصَّةِ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ أَنَّهُ كَبَّرَ وَسَجَدَ قَالَ هِشَامٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ حَسَّانَ كَبَّرَ وَسَجَدَ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ حَمَّادُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ وَسَائِرُ الرُّوَاةِ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ ثُمَّ سَائِرُ الرُّوَاةِ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ لَمْ يَحْفَظِ التَّكْبِيرَةَ الْأُولَى وَحَفِظَهُمَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ led us in one of the two evening prayers, Zuhr or ʿAsr, and gave salutations after two rakʿahs and going towards a piece of wood which was placed to the direction of the Qibla in the mosque, leaned on it looking as if he were angry. Abu Bakr and ʿUmar were among the people and they were too afraid to speak to him and the people came out in haste (saying): The prayer has been shortened. But among them was a man called Dhul-Yadain who said: Messenger of Allah, has the prayer been shortened or have you forgotten? The Apostle of Allah ﷺ looked to the right and left and said: What was Dhul-Yadain saying? They said: He is right. You (the Holy Prophet) offered but two rakʿahs. He offered two (more) rakʿahs and gave salutation, then said takbir and prostrated and lifted (his head) and then said takbir and prostrated, then said takbir and lifted (his head). He (the narrator) says: It has been reported to me by ʿImran b. Husain that he said: He (then) gave salutation. (Using translation from Muslim 573a)

بِنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِحْدَى صَلَاتِي الْعَشِيِّ إِمَّا الظُّهْرَ وَإِمَّا الْعَصْرَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَأَكْبَرُ ظَنِّي أَنَّهَا الْعَصْرُ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَى جِذْعٍ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَاسْتَنَدَ إِلَيْهِ وَهُوَ مُغْضَبٌ فَخَرَجَ سَرَعَانُ النَّاسِ يَقُولُونَ قَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ قَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ وَفِي الْقَوْمِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ ؓ فَهَابَاهُ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَاهُ فَقَامَ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ أَمْ نَسِيتَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا يَقُولُ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ؟ فَقَالُوا صَدَقَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَصَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ فَسَجَدَ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ فَرَفَعَ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ فَسَجَدَ كَسُجُودِهِ الْأَوَّلِ أَوْ أَطْوَلَ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ فَرَفَعَ قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَأُخْبِرْتُ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ وَسَلَّمَ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed three units of prayer in the afternoon, then he stood up and entered the room. A man with simple manners stood up and said, "Did the prayer become shortened, O Messenger of Allah?" He became angry and then performed the unit of prayer that he had left and prostrated for the two prostrations of forgetfulness, then he greeted [the end of the prayer].

سَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي ثَلَاثِ رَكَعَاتٍ مِنَ الْعَصْرِ ثُمَّ قَامَ فَدَخَلَ الْحُجْرَةَ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ بَسِيطُ الْيَدَيْنِ فَقَالَ أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ فَخَرَجَ مُغْضَبًا فَصَلَّى الرَّكْعَةَ الَّتِي كَانَ تَرَكَ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ performed the Tashahhud during the two prostrations of forgetfulness and then gave the Salam.

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَشَهَّدَ فِي سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ

[Machine] That the Prophet ﷺ performed the prayer with them, then he raised his voice and prostrated twice, then he recited the tashahhud, then he made the salaam, and Ash'ath al-Humrani followed him in this.

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى بِهِمْ فَسَهَا فَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدَ بَعْدُ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَشْعَثُ الْحُمْرَانِيُّ وَقَدْ

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed three units of either Dhuhr or Asr prayer, and a man known as Al-Khirbaq said to him, "O Messenger of Allah, you only prayed three units." He said, "Is that so?" They said, "Yes." He said, "Then he stood and prayed, then he prostrated, then he recited the Tashahhud and gave the greeting of peace, then he prostrated twice for forgetfulness, then he gave the greeting of peace. This is the correct narration, and Allah knows best."

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ أَوِ الْعَصْرَ ثَلَاثَ رَكَعَاتٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْخِرْبَاقُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّمَا صَلَّيْتَ ثَلَاثَ رَكَعَاتٍ قَالَ أَكَذَلِكَ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى ثُمَّ سَجَدَ ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدَ وَسَلَّمَ وَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ هَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ

[Machine] I did not hear it in the narration of Abu Hurairah, and it is more beloved to me that he bears witness.

لَمْ أَسْمَعْهُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ وَأَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يَتَشَهَّدَ

[Machine] That the Prophet ﷺ would recite the Tashahhud after raising his head from the prostration of forgetfulness, and this is something that Muhammad ibn Abdul Rahman ibn Abi Layla reported from Ash-Sha'bi. And he would not be happy with what he reported from him. And Allah knows best.

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَشَهَّدَ بَعْدَ أَنْ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنْ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ وَهَذَا يَتَفَرَّدُ بِهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ وَلَا يُفْرَحُ بِمَا يَتَفَرَّدُ بِهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ

When you offer the prayer, and you are in doubt about the number of rak'ahs whether offered three or four, and you have prayed four rak'ahs in all probability in your opinion, you should recite tashahhud and make two prostrations while you are sitting before giving the salutation. afterwards you should recite the tashahhud and give the salutation again. Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been narrated by 'Abd al-Wahid from Khusaif, but he did not report it as a statement of the Prophet ﷺ. The version of 'Abd al-Wahid has been corroborated by Sufyan, Sharik, and Isra'il. They differed amongst themselves about the text of the tradition and they did not narrate it with the continuous chain up to the Prophet ﷺ. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1028)

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِذَا كُنْتَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَشَكَكْتَ فِي ثَلَاثٍ أَوْ أَرْبَعٍ وَأَكْثَرَ أَظُنُّكَ عَلَى أَرْبَعٍ تَشَهَّدْتَ ثُمَّ سَجَدْتَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ وَأَنْتَ جَالِسٌ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُسَلِّمَ ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدْتَ أَيْضًا ثُمَّ سَلَّمْتَ وَهَذَا غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ وَمُخْتَلَفٌ فِي رَفَعِهِ وَمَتْنِهِ

[Machine] We used to greet the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was praying, and he would respond to us. However, when we returned from Abyssinia, I greeted him and he did not respond to me. So, I said, "Oh Messenger of Allah, you used to respond to us." He replied, "The act of praying is sufficient occupation for me, not allowing me to respond."

كُنَّا نُسَلِّمُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي فَيَرُدُّ عَلَيْنَا فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا مِنَ الْحَبَشَةِ سَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّكَ كُنْتَ تُرَدُّ عَلَيْنَا قَالَ كَفَى بِالصَّلَاةِ شُغُلًا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ

[Machine] We used to greet the Prophet ﷺ while he was in prayer before we came to the land of Abyssinia (Ethiopia). He would respond to our greetings while he was in prayer. But when we returned from Abyssinia, I went to greet him and found him in prayer. I greeted him, but he did not respond to me. He grabbed me by the upper part of my garment and the lower part, sat me down until he finished his prayer. Then I went to greet him, and he said, "Verily, Allah, whose praise is glorified, speaks from His command whatever He wills. And verily, one of the things that Allah has forbidden is not to speak in prayer." This is all attributed to us based on strong evidence.

كُنَّا نُسَلِّمُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ نَأْتِيَ أَرْضَ الْحَبَشَةِ فَيَرُدُّ عَلَيْنَا وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَلَمَّا رَجَعْنَا مِنْ أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ أَتَيْتُهُ لِأُسَلِّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَوَجَدْتُهُ يُصَلِّي فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ فَأَخَذَنِي مَا قَرُبَ وَمَا بَعُدَ فَجَلَسْتُ حَتَّى إِذَا قَضَى صَلَاتَهُ أَتَيْتُهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ يُحَدِثُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ وَإِنَّ مِمَّا أَحْدَثَ اللهُ أَنْ لَا تَكَلَّمُوا فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي ذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَزَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ وَذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ مَحْمُولٌ عِنْدَنَا عَلَى الْعَمْدِ

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned away from two people, so the one with two hands said to him, "Did the prayer become shorter or did you forget, O Messenger of Allah?" So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Did the one with two hands speak the truth?" So the people said, "Yes." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up and prayed two more units of prayer, then he made the greeting (salam), then he made the takbir (saying Allahu Akbar), then he prostrated the same length as his prostration or longer, then he raised his head and made the takbir, then he prostrated the same length as his prostration or longer. Then he said, "The wording of their hadith is the same, except that Ash-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, did not say 'the son of Abu Tamimah."

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ انْصَرَفَ مِنَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ لَهُ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ أَمْ نَسِيتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَصَدَقَ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ؟ فَقَالَ النَّاسُ نَعَمْ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى اثْنَتَيْنِ أُخْرَيَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ فَسَجَدَ مِثْلَ سُجُودِهِ أَوْ أَطْوَلَ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ فَسَجَدَ مِثْلَ سُجُودِهِ أَوْ أَطْوَلَ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِهِمَ سَوَاءٌ إِلَّا أَنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ ابْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ led us in one of the evening (‘Asha) prayers, noon or afternoon. He led us in two Rak’ahs and gave the salutation. He then got up going towards a piece of wood which was placed in the front part of the mosque. He placed his hands upon it, one on the other, looking from his face as if he were angry. The people came out hastily saying: the prayer has been shortened. Abu Bakr and ‘Umar were among the people, but they were too afraid to speak to him. A man whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would call “ the possessor of arms” (Dhu al-Yadain) stood up (asking him): Have you forgotten. The Messenger of Allah, or has the prayer been shortened? He said: I have neither forgotten nor has it been shortened. He said : Messenger of Allah , you have forgotten. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned towards the people and asked : did the possessor of arms speak the truth? They made a sign , that is, yes. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned to his place and prayed the remaining two Rak’ahs, then gave the salutation; he then uttered the takbir and prostrated himself as usual or prolonged. He then raised his head and uttered the takbir; then he uttered the takbir and made prostration as usual or made longer (prostration). Then he raised his head his and uttered the takbir (Allah is most great). The narrator Muhammad was asked : Did he give the salutation (while prostrating) dueto forgetfulness? He said : I do not remember it from Abu Hurairah. But we Are sure that ‘Imran b. Husain (in his version) said; he then gave the salutation. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1008)

بِنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِحْدَى صَلَاتِي الْعَشِيِّ الظُّهْرَ أَوِ الْعَصْرَ فَصَلَّى بِنَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ ثُمَّ قَامَ إِلَى خَشَبَةٍ فِي مُقَدَّمِ الْمَسْجِدِ فَوَضَعَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَيْهَا إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى يُعْرَفُ فِي وَجْهِهِ الْغَضَبُ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ سَرَعَانُ النَّاسِ وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ قَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ قَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ وَفِي النَّاسِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ ؓ فَهَابَاهُ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَاهُ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ كَانَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يُسَمِّيهِ ذَا الْيَدَيْنِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَنَسِيتَ أَمْ قَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ؟ فَقَالَ لَمْ أَنَسَ وَلَمْ تَقْصُرِ الصَّلَاةُ قَالَ بَلْ نَسِيتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَأَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ فَقَالَ أَصَدَقَ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ؟ فَأَوْمَئُوا أَيْ نَعَمْ فَرَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى مَقَامِهِ فَصَلَّى الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْبَاقِيَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ وَسَجَدَ مِثْلَ سُجُودِهِ أَوْ أَطْوَلَ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ وَكَبَّرَ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ وَسَجَدَ مِثْلَ سُجُودِهِ أَوْ أَطْوَلَ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ وَكَبَّرَ قَالَ فَقِيلَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ سَلَّمَ فِي السَّهْوِ؟ فَقَالَ لَمْ أَحْفَظْهُ مِنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ وَلَكِنْ نُبِّئْتُ أَنَّ عِمْرَانَ بْنَ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فَأَوْمَئُوا إِلَّا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا إِلَّا مِنْ جِهَةِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ وَهُمْ ثِقَاتٌ أَئِمَّةٌ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed two rak'ahs after Dhuhr or Asr prayer, and then he finished and said, "Did the prayer become shorter, O Messenger of Allah, or did you forget?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ replied to his companions, "Which of the two do you think is more correct?" They said, "Yes." So he prayed two additional rak'ahs and performed the two prostrations of forgetfulness. Shu'bah said that Sa'd and I saw Urwah ibn Zubayr pray two rak'ahs after Maghrib prayer, then he made a speech, and then he completed his prayer and said, "This is what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did." This is the narration of Adam, but it does not include the story of Urwah.

صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ أَوِ الْعَصْرَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَمْ نَسِيتَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِأَصْحَابِهِ أَحَقٌّ مَا يَقُولُ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ أُخْرَاوَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ قَالَ شُعْبَةُ قَالَ سَعْدٌ وَرَأَيْتُ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ صَلَّى مِنَ الْمَغْرِبِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَسَلَّمَ وَتَكَلَّمَ ثُمَّ صَلَّى مَا بَقِيَ وَقَالَ هَكَذَا فَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ آدَمَ وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِ بِشْرٍ قِصَّةُ عُرْوَةَ

[Machine] While I was praying the Dhuhr prayer with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , the Messenger of Allah ﷺ finished two Rak'ahs and stood up. Then a man from the Banu Sulaym stood up and said, "O Messenger of Allah, did you shorten the prayer or forget?" He ﷺ said, "I did not shorten it nor forget." The man said, "O Messenger of Allah, you only prayed two Rak'ahs." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Is what Dhu al-Yadayn saying true?" They said, "Yes." So he prayed two additional Rak'ahs with them. Then Damdam told me that he heard Abu Hurairah say, "Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prostrated twice." This is the wording of the narration of Ibn Sabiq.

بَيْنَمَا أَنَا أُصَلِّي مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ صَلَاةَ الظُّهْرِ فَسَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنَ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ أَمْ نَسِيتَ؟ قَالَ لَمْ تَقْصُرْ وَلَمْ أَنَسَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّمَا صَلَّيْتَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَقًّا مَا يَقُولُ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ أُخْرَيَيْنِ قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنِي ضَمْضَمٌ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ يَقُولُ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سَجْدَتَيْنِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ سَابِقٍ

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed the two rak'ahs then he ended the prayer and Thul Shimalain Ibn Abdul said, "O Messenger of Allah, did you shorten the prayer or did you forget?" So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I did not shorten the prayer nor did I forget." Then Thul Shimalain said, "Some of that did happen, O Messenger of Allah," so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned to the people and said, "Did what Thul Shimalain say is true?" They said, "Yes." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood and completed what remained of the prayer without making the two prostrations that are made if a person doubts during his prayer when people are present. Ibn Shihab said, "Saeed bin Musayyib informed me of this report from Abu Hurairah." Ibn Shihab also said, "And Abu Salamah bin Abdul Rahman and Abu Bakr bin Abdul Rahman bin Al-Harith and Ubaidullah bin Abdullah informed me from Abu Hurairah." Ibn Shihab said, "And this narration is disputed by Az-Zuhri. Saleh bin Kisaan narrated it, and it is the most authentic narration in our view regarding his Hadith from Ibn Abi Hathmah, which is Mursal, and his Hadith from the remaining companions is connected. Malik bin Anas transmitted it from him from Ibn Abi Hathmah, and also from Ibn Musayyib, Abu Salamah, and he attributed it to Yunus bin Yazid from him, excluding his narration from Ibn Abi Hathmah. And it is also transmitted by Ma'mar from him from Abu Salamah and Abu Bakr bin Sulayman bin Abi Hathmah."

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَلَّى الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ فَقَالَ ذُو الشِّمَالَيْنِ ابْنُ عَبْدٍ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ أَمْ نَسِيتَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَمْ تَقْصُرِ الصَّلَاةُ وَلَمْ أَنَسَ فَقَالَ ذُو الشِّمَالَيْنِ قَدْ كَانَ بَعْضُ ذَلِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَأَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ فَقَالَ أَصَدَقَ ذُو الشِّمَالَيْنِ؟ فَقَالُوا نَعَمْ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَتَى مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ وَلَمْ يَسْجُدِ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ تُسْجَدَانِ إِذَا شَكَّ الرَّجُلُ فِي صَلَاتِهِ حِينَ لَقَاهُ النَّاسُ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ أَخْبَرَنِي هَذَا الْخَبَرَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ وَعُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهِ عَلَى الزُّهْرِيِّ فَرَوَاهُ صَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ هَكَذَا وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ الرِّوَايَاتِ فِيمَا نَرَى حَدِيثُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ مُرْسَلٌ وَحَدِيثُهُ عَنِ الْبَاقِينَ مَوْصُولٌ وَأَرْسَلَهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ عَنْهُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ وَابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ وَأَسْنَدَهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ عَنْهُ عَنْ جَمَاعَتِهِمْ دُونَ رِوَايَتِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ وَأَسْنَدَهُ مَعْمَرٌ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ

[Machine] The Prophet صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ offered the Dhuhr and Asr prayers and combined them in two units. After finishing, one of the companions called Dhu al-Shimalayn ibn 'Abd 'Amr, who was allied with the Banu Zuhrah tribe, said to him, "O Messenger of Allah, was the prayer shortened or did you forget?" The Prophet صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ asked, "What did Dhu al-Yadayn say?" They replied, "He is truthful, O Prophet of Allah." The Prophet صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ then completed the two units of prayer that he had abbreviated. Al-Zuhri said, "Then he performed two prostrations after finishing, which indicates that he did not hear them mentioning his prostrations, and he had already performed them until he was informed about it himself." There is a difference of opinion regarding the narration of this story from Ibn Abi Dhi'b from Sa'id al-Maqburi from Abu Huraira ؓ. However, it is confirmed from Muhammad ibn Sirin from Abu Huraira ؓ, and from Sa'd ibn Ibrahim from Abu Salamah from Abu Huraira ؓ that the Prophet صَلَّى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ performed these prostrations.

صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ فَسَهَا فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَانْصَرَفَ فَقَالَ لَهُ ذُو الشِّمَالَيْنِ ابْنُ عَبْدِ عَمْرٍو وَكَانَ حَلِيفًا لِبَنِي زُهْرَةَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَخُفِّفَتِ الصَّلَاةُ أَمْ نَسِيتَ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَا يَقُولُ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ؟ قَالُوا صَدَقَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ قَالَ فَأَتَمَّ بِهُمُ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ نَقَصَ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ مَا فَرَغَ وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُمْ ذَكَرُوا لَهُ سَجْدَتَيْهِ وَقَدْ سَجَدَهُمَا حَتَّى أُخْبِرَ بِهِ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَى ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ ثُمَّ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سَجَدَهُمَا

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ led us in the 'Asr prayer and gave salutation after two rak'ahs. Dhu'l-Yadain (the possessor of long arms) stood up and said: Messenger of Allah, has the prayer been shortened or have you forgotten? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Nothing like this has happened (neither the prayer has been shortened nor have I forgotten). He (Dhu'l-Yadain) said: Messenger of Allah, something has definitely happened. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned towards people and said: Is Dhu'l-Yadain true (in his assertion)? They said: Messenger of Allah, he is true. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ completed the rest of the prayer. and then performed two prostrations while he was sitting after salutation. (Using translation from Muslim 573c)

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ يَقُولُ صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ فَسَلَّمَ فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَمْ نَسِيتَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَدْ كَانَ قَبْلُ ذَلِكَ فَأَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَقَالَ أَصَدَقَ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ؟ فَقَالُوا نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَأَتَمَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ وَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ بَعْدَ السَّلَامِ

‘O Messenger of Allah, has the prayer been shortened or did you forget?’ He said: ‘It has not been shortened and I did not forget.’ He said: ‘But you prayed two Rak’ah.’ He said: ‘Is what Dhul-Yadain says true?’ They said: ‘Yes.’ So he went forward and performed two Rak’ah and said the Salam, then he prostrated twice for prostrations of forgetfulness. (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 1213)

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَلَّى فَسَهَا فَسَلَّمَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ أَمْ نَسِيتَ؟ قَالَ مَا قَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ وَمَا نَسِيتُ قَالَ فَإِنَّكَ صَلَّيْتَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ أَكَمَا قَالَ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَتَقَدَّمَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ حَمَّادُ بْنُ أُسَامَةَ وَهُوَ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed three rak'ahs of Asr prayer, then a man named Al-Khirbaq came and approached him. Al-Khirbaq had long hands, and he asked the Prophet, "Has the prayer become shorter, O Messenger of Allah?" The Prophet became angry and pulled his garment, asking, "Is that true?" They replied, "Yes." The Prophet then stood and performed that rak'ah, then he greeted with the salaam, then he prostrated two prostrations, then he greeted with the salaam. Ibn Ulayyah said, "Then he entered his house, and the rest of the hadeeth is according to its meaning."

سَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي ثَلَاثِ رَكَعَاتٍ مِنَ الْعَصْرِ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْخِرْبَاقُ وَكَانَ طَوِيلَ الْيَدَيْنِ فَقَالَ أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ فَخَرَجَ مُغْضَبًا يَجُرُّ رِدَاءَهُ فَقَالَ أَصَدَقَ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى تِلْكَ الرَّكْعَةَ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْهِمَا ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ مَنْزِلَهُ وَالْبَاقِي بِمَعْنَاهُ

One day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed and gave the salutation while a rak'ah of the prayer remained to be offered. A man went to him and said: You forgot to offer one rak'ah of prayer. Then he returned and entered the mosque and ordered Bilal (to utter the Iqamah). He uttered the Iqamah for prayer. He then led the people in one rak'ah of prayer. I stated it to the people. They asked me: Do you know who he was? I said: No, but I can recognise him if I see him. Then the man passed by me, I said: It is he. The people said: This is Talhah ibn Ubaydullah. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1023)

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَلَّى يَوْمًا فَانْصَرَفَ وَقَدْ بَقِيَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ رَكْعَةٌ فَأَدْرَكَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ نَسِيتَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ رَكْعَةً فَرَجَعَ فَدَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَأَمَرَ بِلَالًا فَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ رَكْعَةً فَأَخْبَرْتُ بِذَلِكَ النَّاسَ فَقَالُوا وَتَعْرِفُ الرَّجُلَ؟ قُلْتُ لَا إِلَّا أَنْ أَرَاهُ فَمَرَّ بِيَ فَقُلْتُ هُوَ هَذَا فَقَالُوا هَذَا طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ

[Machine] I prayed the Maghrib prayer with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He performed the tasleem after two units of prayer, then he left. A man said to him, "O Messenger of Allah, you made a mistake by performing the tasleem after two units of prayer." So he commanded Bilal to lead the prayer, and Bilal established the prayer. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ completed that unit of prayer. I asked the people about the man who said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that he made a mistake, and they said to me, "Do you know him?" I said, "I don't know him unless I see him." Then a man passed by me and I said, "This is him." They said, "This is Talhah ibn 'Ubaid Allah."

صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَغْرِبَ فَسَهَا فَسَلَّمَ فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّكَ سَهَوْتَ فَسَلَّمْتَ فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَأَمَرَ بِلَالًا فَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ ثُمَّ أَتَمَّ تِلْكَ الرَّكْعَةَ فَسَأَلْتُ النَّاسَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي قَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّكَ سَهَوْتَ فَقِيلَ لِي تَعْرِفُهُ؟ قُلْتُ لَا إِلَّا أَنْ أَرَاهُ فَمَرَّ بِيَ رَجُلٌ فَقُلْتُ هُوَ هَذَا قَالُوا هَذَا طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ

[Machine] Then he came until he prayed the remaining Rak'ah, then he said the salutation, then he prostrated two prostrations. I hurriedly went to Ibn Abbas and asked him, he said, "By Allah, how did your father perform?". So I repeated it to him and he said, "He did not deviate from the Sunnah of his Prophet ﷺ." 3916 Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz informed us that Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Ishaq al-Baghwiy narrated to us that Abdullah ibn al-Hasan al-Hashimi narrated to us that Abdullah ibn Bakr al-Sahmi narrated to us that Hisham, the son of Hassan, narrated from 'Asl, from 'Ata', who mentioned its meaning and added, so we glorified (Allah) and he turned to us and said, "Did we not complete the prayer?" So we said with our heads, "Subhan Allah, no," and he did not mention anything more than what Ibn Abbas said. He did not say, "He did not deviate from the Sunnah of his Prophet ﷺ." 3917 Abu Saeed ibn Abu Amru informed us that Abu Abdullah al-Saffar narrated to us that Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Birtiyu al-Qadi narrated to us that Muslim ibn Ibrahim narrated to us that Harith ibn Ubayd, Abu Qudamah al-Iyadi narrated to us that Amir narrated from 'Ata', who said, "Ibn Zubair performed the Maghrib prayer and said the salutation in two units, then he stood and the people glorified (Allah), so he said, "What is wrong with them?" Then he came and performed one unit of prayer, then he prostrated two prostrations." The sheikh said, "And Ibn Zubair is Abdullah ibn Zubair."

فَجَاءَ حَتَّى صَلَّى لَنَا الرَّكْعَةَ الْبَاقِيَةَ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ قَالَ فَانْطَلَقْتُ فِي فَوْرَتِي إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَسَأَلْتُهُ فَقَالَ إِيهًا لِلَّهِ أَبُوكَ كَيْفَ صَنَعَ؟ فَأَعَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ مَا أَمَاطَ عَنْ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ 3916 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْبَغَوِيُّ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ بَكْرٍ السَّهْمِيُّ ثنا هِشَامٌ وَهُوَ ابْنُ حَسَّانَ عَنْ عِسْلٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ وَزَادَ فَسَبَّحْنَا فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَيْنَا فَقَالَ مَا أَتْمَمْنَا الصَّلَاةَ؟ فَقُلْنَا بِرُءُوسِنَا سُبْحَانَ اللهِ أَيْ لَا وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ مِنْ قَوْلِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَنْ قَالَ مَا أَمَاطَ عَنْ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ 3917 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الصَّفَّارُ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبِرْتِيُّ الْقَاضِي ثنا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ثنا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ أَبُو قُدَامَةَ الْإِيَادِيُّ ثنا عَامِرٌ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ صَلَّى ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ الْمَغْرِبَ فَسَلَّمَ فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ نَهَضَ فَسَبَّحَ النَّاسُ فَقَالَ مَا لَهُمْ ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَرَكَعَ رَكْعَةً ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ قَالَ فَأَتَيْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِفِعْلِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فَقَالَ مَا أَمَاطَ عَنْ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ هَذَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ

[Machine] While we were praying with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , a man from the people sneezed, so I said, "May Allah have mercy on you." The people stared at me with their eyes, so I said, "May my mother lose me, what is the matter with you, staring at me?" They started hitting their thighs with their hands. When I saw them quieting down, I remained silent. After the Messenger of Allah ﷺ finished his prayer, he turned to me and said, "By my father and mother, I have never seen a teacher before him or after him who taught better than him. By Allah, he did not scold me, insult me, or hit me." He said, "This prayer is not suitable for anything from the speech of the people. Rather, it is only for glorifying Allah, exalting Him, and reciting the Quran, or as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said."

بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ نُصَلِّي مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا عَطَسَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ فَقُلْتُ يَرْحَمُكَ اللهُ فَرَمَانِي الْقَوْمُ بِأَبْصَارِهِمْ فَقُلْتُ وَاثُكْلَ أُمِّيَّاهُ مَا شَأْنُكُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيَّ؟ فَجَعَلُوا يَضْرِبُونَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ عَلَى أَفْخَاذِهِمْ فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُهُمْ يُصَمِّتُونِي لَكِنِّي سَكَتُّ فَلَمَّا صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَبِأَبِي هُوَ وَأُمِّي مَا رَأَيْتُ مُعَلِّمًا قَبْلَهُ وَلَا بَعْدَهُ أَحْسَنَ تَعْلِيمًا مِنْهُ وَاللهِ مَا كَهَرَنِي وَلَا شَتَمَنِي وَلَا ضَرَبَنِي قَالَ إِنَّ هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةَ لَا يَصْلُحُ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ مِنْ كَلَامِ النَّاسِ هَذَا إِنَّمَا هُوَ التَّسْبِيحُ وَالتَّكْبِيرُ وَقِرَاءَةُ الْقُرْآنِ أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent us to the Negus, and there were eighty of us, and among us was Ja'far ibn Abi Talib. He mentioned the story of their entrance to the Negus and at the end, he said: Then Ibn Mas'ud came forward and bore witness to the Battle of Badr.

بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ وَنَحْنُ ثَمَانُونَ رَجُلًا وَمَعَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي دُخُولِهِمْ عَلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ وَفِي آخِرِهِ قَالَ فَجَاءَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ فَبَادَرَ فَشَهِدَ بَدْرًا

[Machine] He came to the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , in Mecca from the migration of Abyssinia, then he emigrated to Medina. Abdullah ibn Mas'ud mentioned him, and he was one of those who witnessed the Battle of Badr with the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ . This is how all the people of the battles mentioned him, without any disagreement among them.

أَنَّهُ قَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ مِنْ مُهَاجِرَةِ أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ الْأُولَى ثُمَّ هَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَذَكَرَهُمْ وَذَكَرَ فِيهِمْ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَهَكَذَا ذَكَرَهُ سَائِرُ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي بِلَا اخْتِلَافٍ بَيْنَهُمْ فِيهِ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ led us in one of the evening prayers, and we heard from Yahya ibn Abi Kathir who heard from Abu Salamah who heard from Abu Hurayrah that he said: "While I was praying the Dhuhr prayer with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , he mentioned the story of Dhul-Yadayn (the man with two hands). And we heard in the hadith of Abu Sufyan, the freed slave of Ibn Abi Ahmad, who heard from Abu Hurayrah, who said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ led us in the Dhuhr or Asr prayer and then he made taslim (salam) after two units (rak'ahs), and he mentioned it. Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz narrated to us, who Abu Bakr ibn Abdullah informed, who al-Hasan ibn Sufyan informed, who Harmala ibn Yahya informed, who Ibn Wahb informed, who Ibn Yunus informed, who Ibn Shihab mentioned it. Abu Hurayrah narrated to us that he witnessed this story, and the coming of Abu Hurayrah to the Prophet ﷺ was in Khaybar. Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz narrated to us, who Abu Bakr ibn Ishaq informed, who Bishr ibn Musa informed, who al-Humaydi informed, who Sufyan informed, who al-Zuhri informed, who Anbasah ibn Sa'id ibn al-'As informed, from Abu Hurayrah, that he said: "I went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions in Khaybar after they had conquered it, and he mentioned the hadith."

صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِحْدَى صَلَاتِي الْعَشِيِّ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ بَيْنَمَا أَنَا أُصَلِّي مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ صَلَاةَ الظُّهْرِ فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ قَالَ صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ 3921 وَفِي حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ وَعُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ قَالَ صَلَّى لَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ أَوِ الْعَصْرَ فَسَلَّمَ فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَذَكَرَهُ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ يُونُسَ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ فَذَكَرَهُ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ أَنَّهُ شَهِدَ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ وَقُدُومُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَانَ وَهُوَ بِخَيْبَرَ 3922 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ أنبأ بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى ثنا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ ثنا سُفْيَانُ ثنا الزُّهْرِيُّ أَخْبَرَنِي عَنْبَسَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ قَالَ قَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ بِخَيْبَرَ بَعْدَ مَا فَتَحُوهَا وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ

[Machine] I heard Abu Hurairah saying: "I arrived in Medina with the Prophet ﷺ during the Battle of Khaibar, and a man from the tribe of Ghifar was leading the people in prayer." The scholar (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Indeed, he was a follower of the Prophet ﷺ, so he came to him while he was at Khaibar."

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ يَقُولُ قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِخَيْبَرَ وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي غِفَارَ يَؤُمُّ النَّاسَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ تَبِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ بِخَيْبَرَ

[Machine] I heard Abu Hurairah say, "I accompanied the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for three years." 3925 Abu Sa'eed al-Isfaraaini informed us, Abu Bahr al-Barbahari narrated to us, that Bishr ibn Musa said, "Al-Humaidi mentioned this issue and attributed the Hadith of Ibn Mas'ud to it. He said, 'If someone asks, what is the evidence for that? The apparent interpretation is both forgetfulness and ignorance.' We said, 'You have spoken the truth. This is the apparent interpretation, but the coming of Ibn Mas'ud from the land of Habasha (Ethiopia) was before Badr, and then he witnessed Badr after that statement. So when we found the Islam of Abu Hurairah and the Prophet ﷺ in Khaybar three years before the death of the Prophet ﷺ , and he was present during the prayer of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the saying of the Two-Handed, and we found Imran bin Husain present during the prayer of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ once again, and the saying of Al-Khirbaq, and the Islam of Imran bin Husain was after Badr, and we found Mu'awiya bin Hudayj present during the prayer of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the saying of Talhah bin 'Ubaidullah, and the Islam of Mu'awiya was before the death of the Prophet ﷺ by two months, and we found Ibn Abbas rectifying what Ibn Zubair said in that, and he mentioned that it is the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , and Ibn Abbas was ten years old when the Prophet ﷺ died. And we found Ibn Umar narrating that, and the permission of the Prophet ﷺ was given to Ibn Umar on the day of Al-Khandaq after Badr. So we knew that the Hadith of Ibn Mas'ud was designated specifically for it, as it was regarding both forgetfulness and intention on that day, it would have abrogated the prayers of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , because it was after him."

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ يَقُولُ صَحِبْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ 3925 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ أَنْبَأَ أَبُو بَحْرٍ الْبَرْبَهَارِيُّ ثنا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ قَالَ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ وَهُوَ يَذْكُرُ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ وَيَحْمِلُ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ عَلَى الْعَمْدِ قَالَ فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ فَمَا دَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَظَاهِرُهُ الْعَمْدُ وَالنِّسْيَانُ وَالْجَهَالَةُ؟ قُلْنَا صَدَقْتَ هَذَا ظَاهِرٌ وَلَكِنْ كَانَ إِتْيَانُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ قَبْلَ بَدْرٍ ثُمَّ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا بَعْدَ هَذَا الْقَوْلِ فَلَمَّا وَجَدْنَا إِسْلَامَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِخَيْبَرَ قَبْلَ وَفَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ وَقَدْ حَضَرَ صَلَاةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَقَوْلَ ذِي الْيَدَيْنِ وَوَجَدْنَا عِمْرَانَ بْنَ حُصَيْنٍ حَضَرَ صَلَاةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى وَقَوْلَ الْخِرْبَاقِ وَكَانَ إِسْلَامُ عِمْرَانَ بَعْدَ بَدْرٍ وَوَجَدْنَا مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ حُدَيْجٍ حَضَرَ صَلَاةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَقَوْلَ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ وَكَانَ إِسْلَامُ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَبْلَ وَفَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِشَهْرَيْنِ وَوَجَدْنَا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ يُصَوِّبُ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ ؓ فِي ذَلِكَ وَيَذْكُرُ أَنَّهَا سُنَّةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَكَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ابْنَ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ حِينَ قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَوَجَدْنَا ابْنَ عُمَرَ رَوَى ذَلِكَ وَكَانَ إِجَازَةُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ابْنَ عُمَرَ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ بَعْدَ بَدْرٍ فَعَلِمَنَا أَنَّ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ خُصَّ بِهِ الْعَمْدُ دُونَ النِّسْيَانِ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ الْحَدِيثُ فِي النِّسْيَانِ وَالْعَمْدِ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَكَانَتْ صَلَوَاتُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ هَذِهِ نَاسِخَةً لَهُ؛ لِأَنَّهَا بَعْدَهُ

[Machine] The Islam of Mu'awiyah ibn al-Hakam was at the end of the matter, and the Prophet ﷺ did not command him to repeat the prayer. So, whoever speaks during the prayer unintentionally or out of ignorance, his prayer is still valid. But whoever speaks deliberately, he should resume the prayer. Ash-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, pointed out that what we have mentioned about others in the book of the disagreement of hadiths and what we have narrated from others is a confirmation of his saying. Ash-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said: "One person said, 'Did the one you narrated from, who was killed at Badr, wash his hands?' I said, 'No, Imran calls him Al-Khirbaq and says he had short hands or long hands.' And the one who was killed at Badr and had two left hands was Imran ibn 'Amr ibn Nadlah, an ally of Banu Zuhrah from Khuzayah. This is how 'Urwah ibn az-Zubayr mentioned him."

كَانَ إِسْلَامُ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ فِي آخِرِ الْأَمْرِ فَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِإِعَادَةِ الصَّلَاةِ فَمَنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِي صَلَاةٍ سَاهِيًا أَوْ جَاهِلًا مَضَتْ صَلَاتُهُ وَمَنْ تَكَلَّمَ مُتَعَمِّدًا اسْتَأْنَفَ الصَّلَاةَ وَقَدْ أَشَارَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ لِي أَكْثَرَ مَا حَكَيْنَاهُ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ الْأَحَادِيثِ وَفِيمَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ غَيْرِهِ تَأْكِيدٌ لِقَوْلِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ قَالَ قَائِلٌ أَفَذُو الْيَدَيْنِ الَّذِي رَوَيتُمْ عَنْهُ الْمَقْتُولُ بِبَدْرٍ؟ قُلْتُ لَا عِمْرَانُ يُسَمِّيهِ الْخِرْبَاقَ وَيَقُولُ قَصِيرُ الْيَدَيْنِ أَوْ مَدِيدُ الْيَدَيْنِ وَالْمَقْتُولُ بِبَدْرٍ ذُو الشِّمَالَيْنِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ الَّذِي قُتِلَ بِبَدْرٍ هُوَ ذُو الشِّمَالَيْنِ ابْنُ عَبْدِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نَضْلَةَ حَلِيفٌ لِبَنِي زُهْرَةَ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ هَكَذَا ذَكَرَهُ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ

[Machine] From among those who witnessed Badr with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Dhul Shi'malayn (the one with two left hands), the son of 'Abd Amr ibn Nadlah ibn Ghabshan from the tribe of Khuzay'ah, said that two men from the Muslims were martyred on the Day of Badr from the Banu Zuhrah ibn Kilab. They were 'Umayr ibn Abi Waqqas and Dhul Shi'malayn the son of 'Abd Amr ibn Nadlah, and they had an ally from the tribe of Khuzay'ah from the Banu Ghabshan. Musa ibn 'Uqbah and Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasār narrated the same. Muhammad said that he had no successor. Our sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said: As for the one with two hands who informed the Prophet ﷺ of his forgetfulness, he remained after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Our sheikh Abu 'Abdullah al-Hafiz mentioned him in this way.

وَمِمَّنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ذُو الشِّمَالَيْنِ ابْنُ عَبْدِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نَضْلَةَ بْنِ غَبْشَانَ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ قَالَ وَاسْتُشْهِدَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ مِنْ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ بْنِ كِلَابٍ رَجُلَانِ عُمَيْرُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَذُو الشِّمَالَيْنِ ابْنُ عَبْدِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نَضْلَةَ حَلِيفٌ لَهُمْ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ مِنْ بَنِي غَبْشَانَ وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ فِي مَغَازِيهِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ لَا عَقِبَ لَهُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ أَمَّا ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بِسَهْوِهِ فَإِنَّهُ بَقِيَ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ هَكَذَا ذَكَرَهُ شَيْخُنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ

[Machine] He ﷺ led them in one of my evening prayers, which was Al-Asr prayer. He performed two rak'ahs then he recited the Tashahhud and then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up, followed by Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them). People hurriedly left, but Thul-Yadayn (the one with two hands) and Abu Bakr and Umar caught up with him. They said, "O Messenger of Allah, have you shortened the prayer or have you forgotten?" He said, "I have neither shortened the prayer nor have I forgotten." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned towards Abu Bakr and Umar and said, "What did Thul-Yadayn say?" They said, "He told the truth, O Messenger of Allah." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then went back and offered two rak'ahs and then performed the prostration of forgetfulness. Abu 'Abdullah Al-Hafiz informed us that Abu Bakr Ahmad bin Ishaq Al-Faqih narrated to us, who informed us that Abu Al-Muthanna narrated to us, who said that my father narrated to me, and his father, Muta'ir, was present with him when he narrated this hadith. He said, "My father said to him, 'O father, you informed me that Thul-Shimalain (the one with two left hands) met you in a grove and informed you that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ led them in one of his evening prayers, which was Al-Asr prayer, for two rak'ahs, and he concluded the prayer and performed the prostration of forgetfulness.' The commentator said that some narrators mentioned in the hadith of Abu Hurairah that Thul-Shimalain (the one with two left hands) said, 'O Messenger of Allah, have you shortened the prayer or have you forgotten?' But the two authentic Sheikhs, Imam Al-Bukhari and Imam Muslim, did not authenticate anything from these narrations due to the apparent confusion in them. Our Sheikh, Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz, may Allah have mercy on him, used to say that whoever says that has made a mistake, for Thul-Shimalain passed away before the death of the Prophet ﷺ and he did not have a reliable narrator.

ﷺ صَلَّى بِهِمْ إِحْدَى صَلَاتِي الْعَشِيِّ وَهِيَ الْعَصْرُ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَتْبَعَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ ؓ وَخَرَجَ سَرَعَانُ النَّاسِ فَلَحِقَهُ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ أَوْ نَسِيتَ؟ قَالَ مَا قَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ وَلَا نَسِيتُ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ ؓ فَقَالَ مَا يَقُولُ ذُو الْيَدَيْنِ؟ فَقَالَا صَدَقَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَرَجَعَ وَثَارَ النَّاسُ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ 3929 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ أنبأ أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى ثنا أَبِي وَنَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ وَبِنْدَارٌ قَالُوا ثنا مَعْدِيُّ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ثنا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ مُطَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ وَأَبُوهُ مَطِيرٌ حَاضِرٌ حِينَ حَدَّثَنِي بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ قَالَ لَهُ يَا أَبَتِ حَدَّثْتَنِي أَنَّ ذَا الْيَدَيْنِ لَقِيَكَ بِذِي خَشَبٍ فَحَدَّثَكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَلَّى بِهِمْ إِحْدَى صَلَاتِي الْعَشِيِّ وَهِيَ الْعَصْرُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ وَقَالَ فِيهِ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فَقَالَ ذُو الشِّمَالَيْنِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَقَصُرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ أَمْ نَسِيتَ؟ وَشَيْخَا الصَّحِيحَيْنِ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ لَمْ يُصَحِّحَا شَيْئًا مِنْ تِلْكَ الرِّوَايَاتِ؛ لِمَا فِيهَا مِنْ هَذَا الْوَهْمِ الظَّاهِرِ وَكَانَ شَيْخُنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ يَقُولُ كُلُّ مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَخْطَأَ فَإِنَّ ذَا الشِّمَالَيْنِ تَقَدَّمَ مَوْتُهُ وَلَمْ يُعَقِّبْ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ رَاوٍ

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was in the mosque while I was praying, and he called me. He said, "I prayed and then I came to you. What prevented you from answering me when I called you? Have you not heard Allah say, 'O you who have believed, respond to Allah and to the Messenger when he calls you to that which gives you life'?" I said, "I will teach you the greatest Surah in the Quran before I leave the mosque." He said, "So I walked with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until we were about to reach the door of the mosque. I said, 'I forgot,' and I reminded him. I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, you said such and such.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of all worlds, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate, the Owner of the Day of Judgment. The Surah I was given is the repeating (Surah) and the Great Quran, which I have been given'." 3931 Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz informed us, Abu Nasr Ahmad ibn Sahl al-Faqih informed me, Salih ibn Muhammad al-Hafiz narrated to us, Ubaidullah ibn Umar al-Jushmi narrated to us, Yahya ibn Said al-Qattan narrated to us, Shu'bah mentioned the hadith in a similar manner, except that he said in his chain of narrators, from `An. And he said, "I called you and you did not answer me." He said, "I was praying." He mentioned the meaning of it

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَأَنَا أُصَلِّي فَدَعَانِي قَالَ فَصَلَّيْتُ ثُمَّ جِئْتُ فَقَالَ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تُجِيبَنِي حِينَ دَعَوْتُكَ؟ أَمَا سَمِعْتَ اللهَ يَقُولُ {يَأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اسْتَجِيبُوا لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ لِمَا يُحْيِيكُمْ} لَأُعَلِّمَنَّكَ أَعْظَمَ سُورَةٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَخْرُجَ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ قَالَ فَمَشَيْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى كِدْنَا أَنْ نَبْلُغَ بَابَ الْمَسْجِدِ فَقُلْتُ نَسِيَ فَذَكَّرْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّكَ قُلْتَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ السَّبْعُ الْمَثَانِي وَالْقُرْآنُ الْعَظِيمُ الَّذِي أُوتِيتُهُ 3931 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو نَصْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ الْفَقِيهُ بِبُخَارَا أنبأ صَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَافِظُ ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْجُشَمِيُّ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ ثنا شُعْبَةُ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِنَحْوِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ عَنْ وَقَالَ دَعَوْتُكَ فَلَمْ تُجِبْنِي قَالَ كُنْتُ أُصَلِّي قَالَ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ sent Khalid bin Walid to the people of Yemen, calling them to Islam, but they did not respond. Then, the Prophet ﷺ sent Ali bin Abi Talib and ordered him to accompany Khalid. Whoever is with Khalid and prefers to join Ali should do so. Al-Bara said, "I was one of those who accompanied Ali. When we approached the people, they came out to meet us. Ali led us in prayer, lining us up in a single row. Then he stood in front of us and recited the Book of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . All the people of Hamdan embraced Islam, so Ali wrote to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ informing him of their conversion. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ read the letter, he fell into prostration as a sign of gratitude. Then he raised his head and said, 'Peace be upon Hamdan, peace be upon Hamdan.' Bukhari recorded this in his book from Ahmad bin Uthman, from Shurayh bin Muslim, from Ibrahim bin Yusuf, except he did not complete the entire narration, and the prostration of gratitude comes at the end of the narration, and it is authentic according to its conditions."

بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَلَمْ يُجِيبُوهُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعَثَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَقْفُلَ خَالِدٌ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ مِمَّنْ كَانَ مَعَ خَالِدٍ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُعَقِّبَ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ ؓ فَلْيُعَقِّبْ مَعَهُ قَالَ الْبَرَاءُ فَكُنْتُ مِمَّنْ عَقَّبَ مَعَهُ فَلَمَّا دَنَوْنَا مِنَ الْقَوْمِ خَرَجُوا إِلَيْنَا فَصَلَّى بِنَا عَلِيٌّ ؓ وَصَفَّنَا صَفًّا وَاحِدًا ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِمْ كِتَابَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَسْلَمَتْ هَمْدَانُ جَمِيعًا فَكَتَبَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِإِسْلَامِهِمْ فَلَمَّا قَرَأَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْكِتَابَ خَرَّ سَاجِدًا ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَقَالَ السَّلَامُ عَلَى هَمْدَانَ السَّلَامُ عَلَى هَمْدَانَ أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ صَدْرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ شُرَيْحِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ فَلَمْ يَسُقْهُ بِتَمَامِهِ وَسُجُودُ الشُّكْرِ فِي تَمَامِ الْحَدِيثِ صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِهِ

[Machine] About the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the Battle of Tabuk, he mentioned the hadith in its entirety until he said, "Until we completed fifty nights from the time that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade us from speaking. When I prayed the Fajr prayer, it marked the morning of the fiftieth night, and I was on the roof of one of our houses. While I was sitting in the same state as Allah mentioned, my soul and the earth felt constricted, despite its vastness. I heard the voice of a man shouting from the mountain of Sal', saying, "O Ka'b ibn Malik, rejoice!" I was overwhelmed and fell into prostration, and I knew that relief had come. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ announced Allah's forgiveness upon us after he prayed the Fajr prayer. The people left congratulating us, and my companion went ahead receiving congratulations. A man approached me happily running for a moment and then came upon the mountain. His voice reached me faster than a horse. When the man who brought me the good news came, I took off my clothes and dressed them in the garments of rejoicing. By Allah, I did not possess anything else that day. I borrowed two garments and wore them, then I set off to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he mentioned the hadith.

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ حَتَّى كَمُلَتْ لَنَا خَمْسُونَ لَيْلَةً مِنْ حِينِ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ كَلَامِنَا فَلَمَّا صَلَّيْتُ صَلَاةَ الْفَجْرِ صُبْحَ خَمْسِينَ لَيْلَةً وَأَنَا عَلَى ظَهْرِ بَيْتٍ مِنْ بُيُوتِنَا فَبَيْنَمَا أَنَا جَالِسٌ عَلَى الْحَالِ الَّتِي ذَكَرَ اللهُ مِنَّا قَدْ ضَاقَتْ عَلَيَّ نَفْسِي وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيَّ الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ سَمِعْتُ صَوْتَ صَارِخٍ أَوْفَى عَلَى جَبَلِ سَلْعٍ يَا كَعْبُ بْنَ مَالِكٍ أَبْشِرْ قَالَ فَخَرَرْتُ سَاجِدًا وَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ جَاءَ الْفَرَجُ وَآذَنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِتَوْبَةِ اللهِ عَلَيْنَا حِينَ صَلَّى صَلَاةَ الْفَجْرِ فَذَهَبَ النَّاسُ يُبَشِّرُونَنَا وَذَهَبَ قِبَلَ صَاحِبِيَّ مُبَشِّرُونَ وَرَكَضَ رَجُلٌ إِلَيَّ فَرِحًا وَسَعَى سَاعٍ مِنْ أَسْلَمَ فَأَوْفَى عَلَى الْجَبَلِ فَكَانَ الصَّوْتُ أَسْرَعَ إِلَيَّ مِنَ الْفَرَسِ فَلَمَّا جَاءَنِي الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ صَوْتَهُ يُبَشِّرُنِي نَزَعْتُ ثَوْبِيَّ فَكَسَوْتُهُمَا إِيَّاهُ بِبُشْرَاهُ وَاللهِ مَا أَمْلِكُ غَيْرَهُمَا يَوْمَئِذٍ وَاسْتَعَرْتُ ثَوْبَيْنِ فَلَبِسْتُهُمَا فَانْطَلَقْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ

[Machine] When the Prophet ﷺ received news that pleased him or made him happy, he would prostrate in gratitude to Allah (SWT).

كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا آتَاهُ أَمْرٌ يَسُرُّهُ أَوْ سُرَّ بِهِ خَرَّ سَاجِدًا شُكْرًا لِلَّهِ ﷻ