3. Ṣalāh (Ritual Prayer)

٣۔ كِتَابُ الصَّلَاةِ

3.699 [Machine] A Muslim does not lead a non-Muslim in prayer, as the Prophet ﷺ said: "The one who is most well-versed in the Book of Allah should lead the people in prayer," and the prayer of a non-Muslim is not considered valid unless they have embraced Islam before performing the prayer.

٣۔٦٩٩ بَابُ: لَا يَأْتَمُّ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: " يَؤُمُّ الْقَوْمَ أَقْرَؤُهُمْ لِكِتَابِ اللهِ "، وَلَمْ تَكُنْ صَلَاةُ الْكَافِرِ إِسْلَامًا مِنْهُ إِذَا لَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ بِالْإِسْلَامِ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ

bayhaqi:5140Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. al-Muʾammal b. al-Ḥasan b. ʿĪsá > Abū ʿUthmān ʿAmr b. ʿAbdullāh al-Baṣrī > Abū Aḥmad Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb > Yaʿlá b. ʿUbayd > al-Aʿmash > Abū Sufyān > Jābir b. ʿAbdullāh > Abū Ṣāliḥ > Abū Hurayrah

Abu Hurairah reported the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ as saying “ I am commanded to fight with men till they testify that there is no god but Allaah, when they do that they will keep their life and property safe from me, except what is due to them. (i.e., life and property) and their reckoning will be at Allaah’s hands.” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2640)   

البيهقي:٥١٤٠أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُؤَمَّلِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عِيسَى ثنا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْبَصْرِيُّ ثنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ ثنا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ ثنا الْأَعْمَشُ عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَعَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَا

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا مَنَعُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللهِ  

أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَشِ
bayhaqi:5141Abū ʿAbdullāh al-Ḥāfiẓ > Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. Isḥāq al-Faqīh > Abū al-Muthanná al-ʿAnbarī > Abū Ghassān Mālik b. ʿAbd al-Wāḥid al-Mismaʿī > ʿAbd al-Malik b. al-Ṣabbāḥ > Shuʿbah > Wāqid b. Muḥammad b. Zayd from his father > ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUmar

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I have been ordered (by Allah) to fight against the people until they testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that Muhammad is Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and offer the prayers perfectly and give the obligatory charity, so if they perform that, then they save their lives and property from me except for Islamic laws and then their reckoning (accounts) will be done by Allah." (Using translation from Bukhārī 25)   

البيهقي:٥١٤١أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ أنبأ أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى الْعَنْبَرِيُّ ثنا أَبُو غَسَّانَ مَالِكُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ الْمِسْمَعِيُّ ثنا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ ثنا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ وَاقِدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللهِ  

رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي غَسَّانَ الْمِسْمَعِيِّ
bayhaqi:5142ʿAlī b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbdullāh b. Bishrān al-ʿAdl> Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Miṣrī > Yaḥyá b. Ayyūb > Saʿīd b. Abū Maryam > Yaḥyá b. Ayyūb > Ḥumayd > Anas b. Mālik

The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: "I have been commanded to fight the idolators until they bear witness to La ilaha illallah (there is none worthy of worship except Allah) and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah [SAW]. If they bear witness to La ilaha illallah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah [SAW], and they face our Qiblah, eat our slaughtered animals, and pray as we do, then their blood and wealth become forbidden except for a right that is due, and they will have the same rights and obligations as the Muslims." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 3967)   

البيهقي:٥١٤٢أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيْدٌ

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ ؓ يَقُولُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ فَإِذَا شَهِدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ وَصَلُّوا صَلَاتَنَا وَاسْتَقْبَلُوا قِبْلَتَنَا وَأَكَلُوا ذَبِيحَتَنَا حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْنَا أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَدِمَاؤُهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا لَهُ مَا لِلْمُسْلِمِ وَعَلَيْهِ مَا عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ  

أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ فَقَالَ وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ