[Machine] Regarding the standing (in prayer) of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , she (Aisha) said, "Didn't you read, O Mu'adhah, 'O you who wraps himself [in clothing]'?" I said, "Yes." She said, "Verily, Allah required the standing (in prayer) at the beginning of this Surah." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions stood (in prayer) until their feet swelled and Allah held the end of the Surah for twelve months in the sky. Then, Allah, the Exalted, revealed the concession in the end of the Surah, so the standing (in prayer) at night became voluntary after an obligatory prayer."  

عَنْ قِيَامِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَتْ أَلَسْتَ تَقْرَأُ يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ فَقَالَتْ فَإِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى افْتَرَضَ الْقِيَامَ فِي أَوَّلِ هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابُهُ حَوْلًا حَتَّى انْتَفَخَتْ أَقْدَامُهُمْ وَأَمْسَكَ اللهُ خَاتِمَتَهَا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا فِي السَّمَاءِ ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى التَّخْفِيفَ فِي آخِرِ السُّورَةِ فَصَارَ قِيَامُ اللَّيْلِ تَطَوُّعًا بَعْدَ فَرِيضَةٍ  

[Machine] "Abdullah ibn Umar used to say, 'The tilt of the sun is its inclination.'"  

أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ يَقُولُ دُلُوكُ الشَّمْسِ مَيْلُهَا  

[Machine] Abdullah ibn Abbas used to say, "The sinking of the sun when it sets, and the coming together of the night and its darkness."  

أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ كَانَ يَقُولُ دُلُوكُ الشَّمْسِ إِذَا فَاءَ الْفَيْءُ وَغَسَقُ اللَّيْلِ اجْتِمَاعُ اللَّيْلِ وَظُلْمَتُهُ  

[Machine] In His saying {To mark the setting of the sun} [Surah Al-Isra (17:78)], He said: When the sun sets from the horizon of the sky from the time of Dhuhr prayer until the beginning of the night, it is known as the time of Maghrib prayer.  

فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ} [الإسراء 78] قَالَ إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَنْ بَطْنِ السَّمَاءِ لِصَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ إِلَى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ قَالَ بُدُوُّ اللَّيْلِ صَلَاةُ الْمَغْرِبِ  

Abu Huraira said, "I heard Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, 'The reward of a prayer in congregation is twenty five times greater than that of a prayer offered by a person alone. The angels of the night and the angels of the day gather at the time of Fajr prayer.' " Abu Huraira then added, "Recite the Holy Book if you wish, for "Indeed, the recitation of the Qur'an in the early dawn (Fajr prayer) is ever witnessed." (17:78). (Using translation from Bukhārī 648)   

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ تَفْضُلُ صَلَاةُ الْجَمِيعِ صَلَاةَ أَحَدِكُمْ وَحْدَهُ بِخَمْسَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ جُزْءًا وَتَجْتَمِعُ مَلَائِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَمَلَائِكَةُ النَّهَارِ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ فَاقْرَؤَا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ {وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كَانَ مَشْهُودًا} [الإسراء 78]  

[Machine] I heard Jarir bin Abdullah saying, "We were sitting with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when he looked at the moon on the night of the full moon and said, 'You will certainly see your Lord just as you see this moon. You will not be hurt in seeing Him. If you are able, do not miss performing the prayers before sunrise and before sunset.' Isma'il said, 'You should not neglect the prayers before sunrise and before sunset, meaning the Asr and Fajr prayers.' Then Jarir recited the verse: 'So exalt the name of your Lord, the Most High' before sunrise and before sunset."  

سَمِعْتُ جَرِيرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ كُنَّا جُلُوسًا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِذْ نَظَرَ إِلَى الْقَمَرِ لَيْلَةَ الْبَدْرِ فقَالَ إِنَّكُمْ سَتَرَوْنَ رَبَّكُمْ كَمَا تَرَوْنَ هَذَا الْقَمَرَ لَا تُضَامُّونَ فِي رُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنِ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ أَنْ لَا تُغْلَبُوا عَلَى صَلَاةٍ قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ يَقُولُ لَا تَفُوتَنَّكُمْ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ غُرُوبِهَا يَعْنِي الْعَصْرَ وَالْفَجْرَ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ جَرِيرٌ فَسَبَّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ غُرُوبِهَا  

[Machine] "The prayer of Maghrib {and when you become morning} [Ar-Rum: 17]

The prayer of Fajr {and to Him belongs all praise in the heavens and the earth and in the evening}

The prayer of Asr {and when you appear} [Ar-Rum: 18]

The prayer of Dhuhr and recite {and after the prayer of Isha, three times of uncovering for you} [An-Nur: 58]"  

صَلَاةُ الْمَغْرِبِ {وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ} [الروم 17] صَلَاةُ الْفَجْرِ {وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَعَشِيًّا} صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ {وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ} [الروم 18] صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ وَقَرَأَ {وَمِنْ بَعْدِ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ ثَلَاثُ عَوْرَاتٍ لَكُمْ} [النور 58]  

[Machine] About Al-Hasan's saying, "Glorified be Allah when you sleep" [Surah Ar-Rum 17], he said that the prayer for Maghrib and Isha is "when you become evening" [Surah Ar-Rum 17]. The prayer for Fajr is "and for Him is praise in the heavens and the earth at nightfall" [Surah Ar-Rum 17]. Al-Asr is "when you appear" [Surah Ar-Rum 18]. Adh-Dhuhr is "and for Him is praise in the heavens and the earth at noon" 1685. He said that Abd Allah bin Wahb informed us about Sa'id, who narrated the same as him 1686. Abd Allah bin Wahb also informed us that Amru informed us about Al-Hasan's saying, "Establish prayer at the two ends of the day" [Surah Hud 114]. He said that the prayer for Fajr is one end, and the other end is Dhuhr and Asr. "And [offer] the portion of the night" [Surah Hud 114] refers to Maghrib and Isha.  

عَنِ الْحَسَنِ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {فَسُبْحَانَ اللهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ} [الروم 17] قَالَ صَلَاةُ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ {وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ} [الروم 17] صَلَاةُ الْغَدَاةِ {وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَعَشِيًّا} قَالَ الْعَصْرُ {وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ} [الروم 18] قَالَ الظُّهْرُ 1685 قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ مِثْلَهُ 1686 قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ أنا عَمْرٌو عَنِ الْحَسَنِ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ} [هود 114] قَالَ صَلَاةُ الْفَجْرِ وَالطَّرَفُ الْآخَرُ الظُّهْرُ وَالْعَصْرُ {وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ} [هود 114] الْمَغْرِبُ وَالْعِشَاءُ  

[Machine] About Qatadah's saying in the verse "Establish prayer at the two ends of the day" [Hud 114], he said that it refers to the Fajr prayer and the Asr prayer. And in the phrase "and [during] parts of the night" [Hud 114], he said it refers to the Maghrib prayer and the Isha prayer.  

عَنْ قَتَادَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ} [هود 114] قَالَ صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ وَصَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ {وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ} [هود 114] قَالَ الْمَغْرِبُ وَالْعِشَاءُ  

[Machine] The start of prayer was two units in the morning and two units in the evening.  

كَانَ بَدْءُ الصَّلَاةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَرَكْعَتَيْنِ بِالْعَشِيِّ