[Machine] Did we not make the earth a resting place for the living and the dead? This is mentioned by Mujahid and Ibn Musayyib that they bury it like waste material. And it is narrated from Malik ibn Yakhamir that he said, "I saw Mu'adh ibn Jabal killing lice and fleas in prayer." And Hasan said, "There is no harm in killing lice in prayer, but one should not play around."  

{أَلَمْ نَجْعَلِ الْأَرْضَ كِفَاتًا أَحْيَاءً وَأَمْوَاتًا} [المرسلات 26] وَيُذْكَرُ نَحْوُ هَذَا عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ وَعَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَدْفِنُهَا كَالنُّخَامَةِ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ يَخَامِرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ رَأَيْتُ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ يَقْتُلُ الْقَمْلَةَ وَالْبَرَاغِيثَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِقَتْلِ الْقَمْلِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَلَكِنْ لَا يَعْبَثُ  

[Machine] Abdullah said, "Do not let any of you allocate a portion of his Salah to Satan, thinking that it is his right not to turn except to his right. I have seen the Messenger of Allah ﷺ turn away from his left more than he turned away from his right." This is the wording of the Hadith narrated by Shu'bah, and in the Hadith of Abu Usamah, instead of 'portion', it says 'in return for'. And he said about his left side, and it was narrated by Al-Bukhari in Sahih from Abu Al-Walid, and Muslim also narrated it in other contexts from Al-A'mash.  

قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ لَا يَجْعَلْ أَحَدُكُمْ لِلشَّيْطَانِ نَصِيبًا مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ يَرَى أَنَّ حَقًّا عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يَنْصَرِفَ إِلَّا عَنْ يَمِينِهِ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَكْثَرَ مَا يَنْصَرِفُ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ جَزَاءً بَدَلَ نَصِيبًا وَقَالَ عَنْ شِمَالِهِ وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ  

I came to medina afterwards and saw that the houses of the prophet ﷺ were (built) in the left. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1042)   

عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَكْثَرَ مَا يَنْصَرِفُ عَنْ شِمَالِهِ قَالَ عُمَارَةُ أَتَيْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ بَعْدُ فَرَأَيْتُ مَنَازِلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ  

[Machine] I saw the Prophet ﷺ praying barefoot and wearing sandals, sometimes standing and sometimes sitting, and he would raise his hands during his prayer, both to his right and to his left.  

رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يُصَلِّي حَافِيًا وَنَاعِلًا وَقَائِمًا وَقَاعِدًا وَيَنْفَتِلُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ used to alternatively turn to his right and left sides, and would place one hand on top of the other. Al-Shafi'i said, "If he did not have a specific need to turn to a particular side, and he used to turn towards whichever side he desired, I would prefer for his turning to be to his right side because the Prophet ﷺ used to prefer using his right side for everything unless it was restricted to using his left side." The Sheikh said, "And the narration from Aisha regarding the Prophet's ﷺ preference to use his right side in all matters has already been mentioned."  

كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَنْصَرِفُ مَرَّةً عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَمَرَّةً عَنْ يَسَارِهِ وَيَضَعُ إِحْدَى يَدَيْهِ عَلَى الْأُخْرَى قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ حَاجَةٌ فِي نَاحِيَةٍ وَكَانَ يَتَوَجَّهُ مَا شَاءَ أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ يَكُونَ تَوَجُّهُهُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ؛ لِمَا كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُحِبُّ مِنَ التَّيَامُنِ غَيْرَ مَضَيَّقٍ عَلَيْهِ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَقَدْ مَضَى خَبَرُ عَائِشَةَ فِي اسْتِحْبَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ التَّيَامُنَ فِي شَأْنِهِ كُلِّهِ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ would turn away from his right side.  

كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَنْصَرِفُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ  

[Machine] As for me, the most frequent thing I saw the Prophet ﷺ do was turning away from his right.  

أَمَّا أَنَا فَأَكْثَرُ مَا رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَنْصَرِفُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "When the call to prayer is made, come to it while you are walking calmly, and upon you is tranquility. Whatever you have managed to catch, pray, and whatever you have missed, complete it."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا نُودِيَ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَأْتُوهَا وَأَنْتُمْ تَمْشُونَ وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا وَمَا سُبِقْتُمْ فَأَتِمُّوا  

[Machine] He informed him that he fought alongside the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he mentioned the hadith in the story of the Prophet's ﷺ ablution and wiping on the two socks. He said, then he proceeded. Al-Mughira said, "So I followed him until people found that 'Abdul-Rahman ibn 'Awf had already led them in prayer. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ caught up with one of the two raka'ats, so he prayed the second raka'ah with the people. When 'Abdul-Rahman ibn 'Awf finished his prayer and said the taslim, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up to complete his prayer; this frightened the Muslims, so they increased in glorification (tasbih). When the Prophet ﷺ finished his prayer, he approached them and said, 'You did well or you have done right, they (the angels) envy you for praying the prayer at its proper time.'" Ibn Juraij said, Ibn Shihab narrated this from Ismail ibn Muhammad ibn Sa'd from Hamza ibn al-Mughira, in a similar narration to the hadith of 'Abbad. Al-Mughira said, "I intended to delay 'Abdul-Rahman ibn 'Awf." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Leave him."  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ غَزَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي قِصَّةِ وُضُوءِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَمَسْحِهِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ قَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ فَأَقْبَلْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى يَجِدَ النَّاسُ قَدْ قَدَّمُوا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ فَأَدْرَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِحْدَى الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ فَصَلَّى مَعَ النَّاسِ الرَّكْعَةَ الْآخِرَةَ فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُتِمُّ صَلَاتَهُ فَأَفْزَعَ ذَلِكَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَأَكْثَرُوا التَّسْبِيحَ فَلَمَّا قَضَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ صَلَاتَهُ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَحْسَنْتُمْ أَوْ قَدْ أَصَبْتُمْ يَغْبِطُهُمْ أَنْ صَلَّوَا الصَّلَاةَ لِوَقْتِهَا قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ عَبَّادٍ قَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ فَأَرَدْتُ تَأْخِيرَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ دَعْهُ  

[Machine] Prayer has three states, and he mentioned the state of facing the qiblah and the state of the call to prayer. These are two states. He said, "They used to come to prayer, and the Prophet had already preceded them in some prayers. So he would gesture to them how many he prayed with his fingers, one, two. Then Mu'adh came and the Prophet had already preceded him in some prayers. So he said, "I do not find him on the same state unless I am on it." Then he performed the prayer. When the Messenger of Allah finished, Mu'adh began to lead the prayer. The Messenger of Allah said, "Mu'adh has set an example for you, so do as he did." Shu'bah narrated it from 'Amr bin Murrah, from 'Abdul-Rahman. Our companions narrated to us, saying, "When the man came, he would mention its meaning." And that is the correct opinion, because 'Abdul-Rahman bin Abi Layla did not reach Mu'adh.  

أُحِيلَتِ الصَّلَاةُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَحْوَالٍ فَذَكَرَ حَالَ الْقِبْلَةِ وَحَالَ الْأَذَانِ فَهَذَانِ حَالِانِ قَالَ وَكَانُوا يَأْتُونَ الصَّلَاةَ وَقَدْ سَبَقَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِبَعْضِ الصَّلَاةِ فَيُشِيرُ إِلَيْهِمْ كَمْ صَلَّى بِالْأَصَابِعِ وَاحِدَةً اثِنْتَيْنِ فَجَاءَ مُعَاذٌ وَقَدْ سَبَقَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِبَعْضِ الصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ لَا أَجِدُهُ عَلَى حَالٍ إِلَّا كُنْتُ عَلَيْهَا ثُمَّ قَضَيْتُ فَدَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَلَمَّا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَامَ مُعَاذٌ يَقْضِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ سَنَّ لَكُمْ مُعَاذٌ فَهَكَذَا فَافْعَلُوا وَرَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ حَدَّثَنَا أَصْحَابُنَا قَالَ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا جَاءَ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ وَذَلِكَ أَصَحُّ لِأَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَبِي لَيْلَى لَمْ يُدْرِكْ مُعَاذًا  

[Machine] A man came while the Prophet ﷺ was praying and heard the sound of his footsteps. When he finished, he asked, "Who entered?" The man replied, "It was me, O Messenger of Allah." The Prophet asked, "And how did you find us?" The man replied, "I found you in prostration, so I also prostrated." The Prophet said, "This is what you should do if you find me standing, bowing, prostrating, or sitting. Do as you find me, and do not initiate the prostration if you have not caught the rak'ah (unit of prayer)."  

جَاءَ رَجُلٌ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُصَلِّي فَسَمِعَ خَفْقَ نَعْلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ أَيُّكُمْ دَخَلَ؟ قَالَ الرَّجُلُ أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ وَكَيْفَ وَجَدْتَنَا؟ قَالَ سُجُودًا فَسَجَدَتُ قَالَ هَكَذَا فَافْعَلُوا إِذَا وَجَدْتُمُوهُ قَائِمًا أَوْ رَاكِعًا أَوْ سَاجِدًا أَوْ جَالِسًا فَافْعَلُوا كَمَا تَجِدُونَهُ وَلَا تَعْتَدُّوا بِالسَّجْدَةِ إِذَا لَمْ تُدْرِكُوا الرَّكْعَةَ  

[Machine] And Ibn Umar used to say: "If you miss the prayer unit (Raka'ah), then you have missed the prostration (Sujood)."  

وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ ؓ يَقُولُ إِذَا فَاتَتْكَ الرَّكْعَةُ فَقَدْ فَاتَتْكَ السَّجْدَةُ  

[Machine] "If you find the imam in a certain state, do as he does, as the meaning of this has been narrated as elevated from the hadith of Muadh bin Jabal."  

إِذَا وَجَدْتَ الْإِمَامَ عَلَى حَالٍ فَاصْنَعْ كَمَا يَصْنَعُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَعْنَى هَذَا مَرْفُوعًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ  

[Machine] "And also, from Ibn al-Musayyib."  

وَعَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَيْضًا  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "When the prayer is established, do not come to it (the mosque) running, rather come walking calmly. Upon you will be tranquility. Whatever you catch (of the prayer), perform it, and whatever you miss, complete it."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَلَا تَأْتُوهَا تَسْعَوْنَ ايتُوهَا تَمْشُونَ عَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا وَمَا فَاتَكُمْ فَأَتِمُّوا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "When the prayer is established, do not rush to it walking at a fast pace, but approach it walking calmly. And upon you is tranquility. Whatever you catch up with, pray, and whatever you miss, complete it."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَلَا تَأْتُوهَا تَسْعَوْنَ وَأْتُوهَا تَمْشُونَ وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا وَمَا فَاتَكُمْ فَأَتِمُّوا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "When the prayer is announced, then upon you is tranquility. Whatever you catch up with, then pray it, and whatever you miss, then complete it."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا ثُوِّبَ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالسَّكِينَةِ فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا وَمَا فَاتَكُمْ فَأَتِمُّوا  

[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ , he said, "When you come to perform prayer, do not come running, but come with tranquility. Whatever part of the prayer you catch, perform it, and whatever you miss, make it up."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ إِذَا أَتَيْتُمُ الصَّلَاةَ فَلَا تَأْتُوهَا وَأَنْتُمْ تَسْعَوْنَ وَأْتُوهَا وَأَنْتُمْ تَمْشُونَ عَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا وَمَا فَاتَكُمْ فَاقْضُوا  

[Machine] "The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Do not come to the prayer while you are rushing, but come to it with tranquility. Whatever you catch, pray it, and whatever you miss, complete the recitation of the Muqri's (the person leading the prayer) statement.'"  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا تَأْتُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْتُمْ تَسْعَوْنَ وَأْتُوهَا وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا وَمَا فَاتَكُمْ فَأَتِمُّوا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْمُقْرِئِ  

[Machine] And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "When the call to prayer is made, come to it walking calmly, and upon you will be tranquility. Whatever you have caught up with, pray, and whatever you have missed, complete it."  

وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ فَأْتُوهَا وَأَنْتُمْ تَمْشُونَ وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا وَمَا سُبِقْتُمْ فَأَتِمُّوا  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "When the prayer is performed, none of you should rush towards it. Rather, let tranquility and dignity accompany you as you walk to it. Pray what you caught and make up for what you missed."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا ثُوِّبَ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَلَا يَسْعَيَنَّ إِلَيْهَا أَحَدُكُمْ وَلَكِنْ لِيَمْشِ عَلَيْهِ السَّكِينَةُ وَالْوَقَارُ صَلِّ مَا أَدْرَكْتَ وَاقْضِ مَا سُبِقْتَ  

[Machine] While we were praying with the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , we heard the sound of men rushing. After he finished praying, he called them and said, "What is the matter with you?" They said, "We hurried to join the prayer." He said, "Do not do so when you come for prayer, but rather take your time and be calm. Whatever you have missed, pray it, and whatever you have missed out on, complete it."  

بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ نُصَلِّي مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِذْ سَمِعَ جَلَبَةَ رِجَالٍ فَلَمَّا صَلَّى دَعَاهُمْ فَقَالَ مَا شَأْنُكُمْ؟ قَالُوا اسْتَعْجَلْنَا إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ قَالَ فَلَا تَفْعَلُوا إِذَا أَتَيْتُمُ الصَّلَاةَ فَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا وَمَا سُبِقْتُمْ فَأَتِمُّوا  

[Machine] "From Ibn Umar, the same as him."  

عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مِثْلَهُ  

[Machine] I mentioned that to Abu Amr, meaning Al-Awzai and Sa'eed ibn Abdul Aziz, and they said, "What did you catch from the Imam's prayer, the first prayer of yours?"  

مَا أَدْرَكْتَ مِنْ آخِرِ صَلَاةِ الْإِمَامِ فَاجْعَلْهُ أَوَّلَ صَلَاتِكَ قَالَ الْوَلِيدُ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِأَبِي عَمْرٍو يَعْنِي الْأَوْزَاعِيَّ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فَقَالَا مَا أَدْرَكْتَ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْإِمَامِ أَوَّلُ صَلَاتِكَ  

[Machine] "What you have learned from the Imam is the first part of your prayer, so complete what has come before you from the Quran. Abu Abdur Rahman as-Sulami informed us, Ali ibn Umar al-Hafiz narrated to us, Abu Bakr an-Naysaburi narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Yahya narrated to us, Abdul Razzaq informed us through Ma'mar from Qatadah, who mentioned that Ma'mar also narrated from Qatadah, who narrated from Saeed ibn Musayyib, similar to the statement of Ali ibn Abi Talib. And even though it is attributed to Ali, it serves as testimony to the narration of al-Harith from Ali."  

مَا أَدْرَكْتَ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ فَهُوَ أَوَّلُ صَلَاتِكَ وَاقْضِ مَا سَبَقَكَ بِهِ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ قَالَ وَثنا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ مِثْلَ قَوْلِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ هَذَا وَإِنْ كَانَ مُرْسَلًا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ فَهُوَ شَاهِدٌ لِرِوَايَةِ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ  

[Machine] "When a person joins the Imam for one unit of the Maghrib prayer, he should sit with the Imam. Then, when the Imam says the Salam, he should stand and perform the second unit, then sit in it and recite the Tashahhud. After that, he should stand and perform the third unit, and recite the Tashahhud in it. Then, he should say the Salam. The recommended prayers during the sitting in any of them, Zechariah said that Said ibn Al-Musayyib told me about three units in which the Tashahhud is recited three times. When he was asked about it, he said, 'That is the Maghrib prayer, in which the person precedes it with one unit, then catches up with two units, and recites the Tashahhud in them.'"  

أَنَّ السُّنَّةَ إِذَا أَدْرَكَ الرَّجُلُ رَكْعَةً مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ فَإِذَا سَلَّمَ الْإِمَامُ قَامَ فَرَكَعَ الثَّانِيَةَ فَجَلَسَ فِيهَا وَتَشَهَّدَ ثُمَّ قَامَ فَرَكَعَ الرَّكْعَةَ الثَّالِثَةَ فَتَشَهَّدَ فِيهَا ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ وَالصَّلَوَاتُ عَلَى هَذِهِ السُّنَّةِ فِيمَا يَجْلِسُ فِيهِ مِنْهُنَّ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ حَدِّثُونِي بِثَلَاثِ رَكَعَاتٍ يُتَشَهَّدُ فِيهِنَّ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَإِذَا سُئِلَ عَنْهَا قَالَ تِلْكَ صَلَاةُ الْمَغْرِبِ يُسْبَقُ الرَّجُلُ مِنْهَا بِرَكْعَةٍ ثُمَّ يُدْرِكُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَيَتَشَهَّدُ فِيهِمَا  

[Machine] He missed a unit (rak'ah) from the Maghrib prayer, so when the Imam finished, he stood up until he raised his voice in recitation, as if I could hear his recitation: "So I have warned you of a Fire blazing fiercely." [Al-Lail 14]  

أَنَّهُ فَاتَتْهُ رَكْعَةٌ مِنَ الْمَغْرِبِ فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ الْإِمَامُ قَامَ حَتَّى رَفَعَ صَوْتَهُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ فَكَأَنِّي أَسْمَعُ قِرَاءَتَهُ {فَأَنْذَرْتُكُمْ نَارًا تَلَظَّى} [الليل 14]  

[Machine] There was a prince among the princes who would delay the prayer. So I asked Abu Dharr and he hit my thigh and said, "I asked my intimate friend, meaning the Prophet ﷺ, and he hit my thigh and said, 'Pray the prayer at its specified time. If you catch up with them, pray with them and do not say, 'I have already prayed' for I will not pray with them."  

كَانَ أَمِيرٌ مِنَ الْأُمَرَاءِ يُؤَخِّرُ الصَّلَاةَ فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا ذَرٍّ فَضَرَبَ فَخِذِي فَقَالَ سَأَلْتُ خَلِيلِي يَعْنِي النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَضَرَبَ فَخِذِي فَقَالَ صَلِّ الصَّلَاةَ لِمِيقَاتِهَا فَإِنْ أَدْرَكْتَ فَصَلِّ مَعَهُمْ وَلَا تَقُلْ إِنِّي قَدْ صَلَّيْتُ فَلَنْ أُصَلِّيَ مَعَهُمْ  

[Machine] He said, "I asked my friend, meaning the Prophet ﷺ, so he hit my thigh and said, 'Pray at their appointed times (the congregational prayers), and if you catch up with them, pray with them and do not say, 'I have already prayed, so I will not pray.'"  

وَقَالَ سَأَلْتُ خَلِيلِي يَعْنِي النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَضَرَبَ فَخِذِي فَقَالَ صَلِّ الصَّلَاةَ لِمِيقَاتِهَا فَإِنْ أَدْرَكْتَ فَصَلِّ مَعَهُمْ وَلَا تَقُلْ إِنِّي قَدْ صَلَّيْتُ فَلَا أُصَلِّي  

[Machine] He was sitting with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when the call to prayer was made. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up and prayed, then he returned and there was a water jug in his gathering just as it was before. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked him, "What prevented you from praying with the people? Are you not a Muslim?" He replied, "Yes, O Messenger of Allah, but I had already prayed with my family." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "When you come, pray with the people even if you have already prayed." 3639 Abu Zakariya Ibn Abi Ishaq informed us, Abu Al-Abbas reported to us, An-Nu'man reported to us from Malik, who mentioned it in the same way.  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ جَالِسًا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأُذِّنَ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى ثُمَّ رَجَعَ وَمِحْجَنٌ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ كَمَا هُوَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ مَعَ النَّاسِ أَلَسْتَ بِرَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ؟ قَالَ بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَلَكِنِّي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَدْ كُنْتُ صَلَّيْتُ فِي أَهْلِي قَالَ فَإِذَا جِئْتَ فَصَلِّ مَعَ النَّاسِ وَإِنْ كُنْتَ قَدْ صَلَّيْتَ 3639 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ أنبأ مَالِكٌ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ  

[Machine] "We prayed the Fajr prayer with the Prophet ﷺ in Mina, and then two men came and stood discreetly. The Prophet ﷺ ordered them to be brought forward, and they presented themselves with their turbans raised high. He asked them, 'What prevented you from praying with the people? Are you Muslims?' They replied, 'Yes, O Messenger of Allah, we had already prayed at our campsite.' He said to them, 'If you have already prayed at your campsite and then come to join the imam, then pray with him, as your prayer will be considered a voluntary prayer.'"  

صَلَّيْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْفَجْرَ بِمِنًى فَجَاءَ رَجُلَانِ حَتَّى وَقَفَا عَلَى رَوَاحِلِهِمَا فَأَمَرَ بِهِمَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَجِيءَ بِهِمَا تَرْعَدُ فَرَائِصُهُمَا فَقَالَ لَهُمَا مَا مَنَعَكُمَا أَنْ تُصَلِّيَا مَعَ النَّاسِ؟ أَلَسْتُمَا مُسْلِمَيْنِ؟ قَالَا بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّا كُنَّا صَلَّيْنَا فِي رِحَالِنَا فَقَالَ لَهُمَا إِذَا صَلَّيْتُمَا فِي رِحَالِكُمَا ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُمَا الْإِمَامَ فَصَلَّيَا مَعَهُ فَإِنَّهُمَا لَكُمَا نَافِلَةٌ  

if one of us prays in his house, then comes to the mosque and finds that the iqamah is being called, and if I pray along with them ( in congregation), I feel something inside about it. Abu Ayyub replied: We asked the Prophet ﷺ about it. He said: That is a share from the spoils received by the warriors (i.e. he will receive double the reward of the prayer). (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 578)   

يُصَلِّي أَحَدُنَا فِي مَنْزِلِهِ الصَّلَاةَ ثُمَّ يَأْتِي الْمَسْجِدَ وَتُقَامُ الصَّلَاةُ فَأُصَلِّي مَعَهُمْ فَأَجِدُ فِي نَفْسِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ سَأَلْنَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ سَهْمُ جَمْعٍ  

[Machine] "I pray in my house, then I go to the mosque and find the Imam praying, so I pray with him?" Abu Ayyub replied, "Yes, whoever does that will have the reward of their prayer multiplied or equivalent to the reward of praying in congregation."  

إِنِّي أُصَلِّي فِي بَيْتِي ثُمَّ آتِي الْمَسْجِدَ فَأَجِدُ الْإِمَامَ يُصَلِّي فَأُصَلِّي مَعَهُ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ نَعَمْ مَنْ صَنَعَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّ لَهُ سَهْمُ جَمْعٍ أَوْ مِثْلُ سَهْمِ جَمْعٍ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said that there will be leaders who will delay the prayer from its proper time. The best prayer is to pray it on time. Then go to them, and if they have already prayed, then you have preserved your prayer. Otherwise, pray with them, and it will be a voluntary prayer.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ أُمَرَاءُ يُؤَخِّرُونَ الصَّلَاةَ عَنْ مَوَاقِيتِهَا أَلْأَفَضْلُ الصَّلَاةُ لِوَقْتِهَا ثُمَّ ائْتِهِمْ فَإِنْ كَانُوا قَدْ صَلَّوْا كُنْتَ قَدْ أَحْرَزْتَ صَلَاتَكَ وَإِلَّا صَلَّيْتَ مَعَهُمْ فَكَانَتْ نَافِلَةً  

I attended Fajr prayer with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Masjid al-Khayf. When he finished praying, he saw two men at the back of the people who had not prayed with him. He said: “Bring them here.” So they were brought to him, trembling. He said: “What kept you from praying with us?” They said: ‘O Messenger of Allah ﷺ we had already prayed in our homes.' He said: “Do not do that. If you have already prayed in your homes, then you come to a masjid in which there is a congregation, then pray with them, and it will be a voluntary prayer for you." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 858)   

شَهِدْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حَجَّتَهُ فَصَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ صَلَاةَ الْفَجْرِ فِي مَسْجِدِ الْخَيْفِ قَالَ فَلَمَّا قَضَى صَلَاتَهُ وَانْحَرَفَ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِرَجُلَيْنِ فِي أُخْرَيَاتِ الْقَوْمِ لَمْ يُصَلِّيَا مَعَهُ قَالَ عَلَيَّ بِهِمَا فَأُتِيَ بِهِمَا تَرْعَدُ فَرَائِصُهُمَا قَالَ مَا مَنَعَكُمَا أَنْ تُصَلِّيَا مَعَنَا؟ قَالَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كُنَّا قَدْ صَلَّيْنَا فِي رِحَالِنَا قَالَ فَلَا تَفْعَلَا إِذَا صَلَّيْتُمَا فِي رِحَالِكُمَا ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُمَا مَسْجِدَ جَمَاعَةٍ فَصَلِّيَا مَعَهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمَا لَكُمَا نَافِلَةٌ  

[Machine] We prayed Fajr with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Mina, then he turned and saw two men behind the people. He called them and they approached, trembling with fear. He asked them, "What prevented you from praying with the people?" They said, "O Messenger of Allah, we already prayed in our tents." He said, "Do not do that, if any one of you prays in his tent and then catches up with the imam, he should pray with the imam as it will be an optional prayer for him."  

صَلَّيْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ الْفَجْرَ بِمِنًى فَانْحَرَفَ فَأَبْصَرَ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ وَرَاءِ النَّاسِ فَدَعَا بِهِمَا فَجِيءَ بِهِمَا تَرْعَدُ فَرَائِصُهُمَا فَقَالَ مَا مَنَعَكُمَا أَنْ تُصَلِّيَا مَعَ النَّاسِ؟ قَالَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّيْنَا فِي الرَّحْلِ قَالَ لَا تَفْعَلُوا إِذَا صَلَّى أَحَدُكُمْ فِي رَحْلِهِ ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ فَلْيُصَلِّهَا مَعَ الْإِمَامِ فَإِنَّهَا لَهُ نَافِلَةٌ هَكَذَا  

[Machine] I prayed with the Prophet ﷺ , and when he finished, he saw two men in the back of the group. He called them and they came running. Their clothes were disheveled. He said, "Why didn't you pray with us?" They said, "O Messenger of Allah, we prayed while traveling." He said, "Do not do that. When one of you prays while traveling, let him pray with the imam and make the prayer he prayed at home a voluntary prayer." Ali opposed the companions of Thawri, along with the companions of Ya'la ibn 'Ata, including Shu'ba, Hisham ibn Hassan, Sharik, Ghilan ibn Jamir, Abu Khalid al-Dalani, Mubarak ibn Fadalah, Abu Awanah, Hushaym, and others. They narrated from Ya'la ibn 'Ata similar to the statement of Wakee' that means from Sufyan. Ali narrated it, and the narrators included Abu Bakr al-Naysaburi and others. They said that Ali ibn Harb narrated it, and Ibn Numayr narrated it from Hujjah ibn Artat. The Shaykh (i.e. Ibn Hajar) said that Hujjah ibn Artat made a mistake in his chain of narration, but if he is correct in his wording, then the correct narration is the one reported by a group, and Al-Shafi'i mentioned in Al-Qadi that anyone who relies on the hadith of Ya'la ibn 'Ata as evidence, then this is a chain of narration with unknown authenticity. He said, "Allah knows best" because Yazid bin Al-Aswad has no narrator other than his son Jabir bin Yazid, and Jabir bin Yazid has no narrator other than Ya'la ibn 'Ata, and Yahya bin Ma'in and a group of scholars considered Ya'la ibn 'Ata to be reliable. This hadith has supporting evidence mentioned previously, so relying on it and its supporting evidence is correct, and Allah knows best.  

صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ رَأَى رَجُلَيْنِ فِي مُؤَخَّرِ الْقَوْمِ قَالَ فَدَعَا بِهِمَا فَجَاءَا تَرْعَدُ فَرَائِصُهُمَا فَقَالَ مَا لَكُمَا لَمْ تُصَلِّيَا مَعَنَا؟ قَالَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّيْنَا فِي الرِّحَالِ قَالَ فَلَا تَفْعَلَا إِذَا صَلَّى أَحَدُكُمْ فِي رَحْلِهِ ثُمَّ جَاءَ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ فَلْيُصَلِّ مَعَهُ وَلْيَجْعَلِ الَّتِي صَلَّى فِي بَيْتِهِ نَافِلَةً قَالَ عَلِيٌّ خَالَفَهُ أَصْحَابُ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَمَعَهُمْ أَصْحَابُ يَعْلَى بْنِ عَطَاءٍ مِنْهُمْ شُعْبَةُ وَهِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ وَشَرِيكٌ وَغِيلَانُ بْنُ جَامِعٍ وَأَبُو خَالِدٍ الدَّالَانِيُّ وَمُبَارِكُ بْنُ فَضَالَةَ وَأَبُو عَوَانَةَ وَهُشَيْمٌ وَغَيْرُهُمْ وَرَوَوْهُ عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ عَطَاءٍ مِثْلَ قَوْلِ وَكِيعٍ يَعْنِي عَنْ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ وَرَوَاهُ حَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَاةَ عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ قَالَ فَيَكُونُ لَكُمَا نَافِلَةً وَالَّتِي فِي رَوَاحِلِكُمْ فَرِيضَةٌ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ قَالُوا ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ثنا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ أَخْطَأَ حَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَاةَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ وَإِنْ أَصَابَ فِي مَتْنِهِ وَالصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ احْتِجَاجَ مَنِ احْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ يَعْلَى بْنِ عَطَاءٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ مَجْهُولٌ وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ؛ لِأَنَّ يَزِيدَ بْنَ الْأَسْوَدِ لَيْسَ لَهُ رَاوٍ غَيْرُ ابْنِهِ جَابِرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ وَلَا لِجَابِرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ رَاوٍ غَيْرُ يَعْلَى بْنِ عَطَاءٍ وَكَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ يُوَثِّقُونَ يَعْلَى بْنَ عَطَاءٍ وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ لَهُ شَوَاهِدُ قَدْ تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُهَا فَالِاحْتِجَاجُ بِهِ وَبِشَوَاهِدِهِ صَحِيحٌ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

I came while the Prophet ﷺ was saying the prayer. I sat down and did not pray along with them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned towards us and saw that Yazid was sitting there. He said: Did you not embrace Islam, Yazid? He replied: Why not, Messenger of Allah; I have embraced Islam. He said: What prevented you from saying prayer along with the people? He replied: I have already prayed in my house, and I thought that you had prayed (in congregation). He said: When you come to pray (in the mosque) and find the people praying, then you should pray along with them, though you have already prayed. This will be a supererogatory prayer for you and that will be counted as obligatory. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 577)   

جِئْتُ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَجَلَسْتُ وَلَمْ أَدْخُلْ مَعَهُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ قَالَ فَانْصَرَفَ عَلَيْنَا بِوَجْهِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَرَأَى يَزِيدَ جَالِسًا فَقَالَ أَلَمْ تُسْلِمْ يَا يَزِيدُ؟ قَالَ بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ قَالَ وَمَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَدْخُلَ مَعَ النَّاسِ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ؟ قَالَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ صَلَّيْتُ فِي مَنْزِلِي وَأَنَا أَحْسَبُ أَنْ قَدْ صَلَّيْتُمْ فَقَالَ إِذَا جِئْتَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَوَجَدْتَ النَّاسَ فَصَلِّ مَعَهُمْ وَإِنْ كُنْتَ قَدْ صَلَّيْتَ فَلْتَكُنْ لَكَ نَافِلَةً وَهَذِهِ مَكْتُوبَةٌ فَهَذَا مُوَافِقٌ لِمَا مَضَى فِي إِعَادَةِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ مُخَالِفٌ لَهُ فِي الْمَكْتُوبَةِ مِنْهُمَا وَمَا مَضَى أَكْثَرُ وَأَشْهُرُ فَهُوَ أَوْلَى وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] "By the one who prayed with the imam, Abu Huraira narrated to us that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: The prayer of a person in congregation exceeds his prayer alone by twenty-five prayers."  

بِالَّذِي صَلَّى مَعَ الْإِمَامِ فَإِنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ حَدَّثَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ صَلَاةُ الرَّجُلِ فِي الْجَمْعِ تَزِيدُ عَلَى صَلَاتِهِ وَحْدَهُ خَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ صَلَاةً  

[Machine] Indeed, I pray in my house and then join the congregational prayer with the imam. Should I still pray with him? Abdullah ibn Umar said, "Yes, pray with him." The man asked, "Who should I make my prayer with?" Abdullah ibn Umar said to him, "That is up to you. That decision is in the hands of Allah the Most High, He chooses who to include in His signs."  

إِنِّي أُصَلِّي فِي بَيْتِي ثُمَّ أُدْرِكُ الصَّلَاةَ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ أَفَأُصَلِّي مَعَهُ؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ نَعَمْ فَصَلِّ مَعَهُ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَأَيَّتُهُمَا أَجْعَلُ صَلَاتِي فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَذَلِكَ إِلَيْكَ؟ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ إِلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى يَجْعَلُ أَيَّتَهُمَا شَاءَ  

[Machine] I pray at home and then I go to the mosque and find the Imam praying. Should I pray with him? Sa'id replied, "Yes." The man asked, "Which one should I consider my prayer?" Sa'id said, "What you do is up to you. It is for Allah to decide which of the two is accepted. The first statement is the most authentic in the narration of Abu Dharr, Yazid ibn al-Aswad, and it is also mentioned by Uthman ibn Ubaydullah ibn Abu Rafi who said, "I asked Ibn Umar about repeating the prayer. He said the first obligatory prayer, as if he had been informed of that without being informed about it, he did not cut anything in it. Allah knows best."  

إِنِّي أُصَلِّي فِي بَيْتِي ثُمَّ آتِي الْمَسْجِدَ فَأَجِدُ الْإِمَامَ يُصَلِّي أَفَأُصَلِّي مَعَهُ؟ فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ نَعَمْ قَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَأَيَّتُهُمَا أَجْعَلُ صَلَاتِي؟ فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ وَأَنْتَ تَجْعَلُهَا؟ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ إِلَى اللهِ يَجْعَلُ أَيَّتَهُمَا شَاءَ وَالْقَوْلُ الْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ لِحَدِيثِ أَبِي ذَرٍّ وَيَزِيدَ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ وَيُذْكَرُ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ عَنْ إِعَادَةِ الصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ الْمَكْتُوبَةُ الْأُولَى فَكَأَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا لَمْ يَبْلُغْهُ حِينَ لَمْ يَقْطَعْ فِيهَا بِشَيْءٍ وَاللهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] Anas said, "We arrived with Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, and he led us in morning prayer at al-Mirbad. Then we went to the mosque, and the prayer was established, so we prayed with al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba."  

قَالَ أَنَسٌ قَدِمْنَا مَعَ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ فَصَلَّى بِنَا الْغَدَاةَ بِالْمِرْبَدِ ثُمَّ انْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ فَأُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَصَلَّيْنَا مَعَ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ  

[Machine] That they meet with me in the morning, then one of them prays with his companions, then he comes and prays with us.  

أَنْ يَلْتَقِيَا عِنْدِي غُدْوَةً فَصَلَّى أَحَدُهُمَا بِأَصْحَابِهِ ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَصَلَّى مَعَنَا  

Sulayman, the freed slave of Maymunah, said: I came to Ibn Umar at Bilat (a place in Medina) while the people were praying. I said: Do you not pray along with them? He said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: Do not say a prayer twice in a day. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 579)   

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لَا تُصَلُّوا صَلَاةً فِي يَوْمٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "There is no prescribed prayer on a day that occurs twice." Ali said, "Al-Hussein alone reported it from Amr ibn Shuayb, and Allah knows best." The scholar said, "And if this is true, it means it was performed in congregation and he did not repeat it, and his saying 'There is no prescribed prayer on a day that occurs twice' means both of them are obligatory, and the matter of repeating them is a choice and not a necessity, and Allah knows best."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لَا صَلَاةَ مَكْتُوبَةً فِي يَوْمٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ الْحُسَيْنُ الْمُعَلِّمُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ وَاللهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَهَذَا إِنْ صَحَّ فَمَحْمُولٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ صَلَّاهَا فِي جِمَاعَةٍ فَلَمْ يُعِدْهَا وَقَوْلُهُ لَا صَلَاةَ مَكْتُوبَةً فِي يَوْمٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَيْ كِلْتَاهُمَا عَلَى وَجْهِ الْفَرْضِ وَيَرْجِعُ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ بِإِعَادَتِهَا اخْتِيَارٌ وَلَيْسَ بِحَتْمٍ وَاللهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ  

“The Imam is appointed to be followed. When he says Allahu Akbar, then say Allahu Akbar; when he bows, then bow; when he says Sami’ Allahu liman hamidah, then say Rabbana wa lakal-hamd; when he prostrates then prostrate; and if he prays sitting down then pray sitting down.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 1238)   

رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ فَرَسٍ فَجُحِشَ شِقُّهُ الْأَيْمَنُ فَدَخَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ نَعُودُهُ فَحَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَصَلَّى قَاعِدًا فَصَلَّيْنَا قُعُودًا فَلَمَّا قَضَى الصَّلَاةَ قَالَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ الْإِمَامُ لِيُؤْتَمَّ بِهِ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَإِذَا رَكَعَ فَارْكَعُوا وَإِذَا رَفَعَ فَارْفَعُوا وَإِذَا قَالَ سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ فَقُولُوا رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ وَإِذَا سَجَدَ فَاسْجُدُوا وَإِذَا صَلَّى قَاعِدًا فَصَلُّوا قُعُودًا أَجْمَعِينَ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ fell ill and some of his Companions came to visit him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed prayer while sitting down, and they prayed behind him standing up. He gestured them to sit down, and when he finished he said: ‘The Imam is appointed to be followed. When he bows, then bow; when he stands up again, then stand up, and if he prays sitting down then pray sitting down.’” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 1237)   

اشْتَكَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ يَعُودُونَهُ فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ جَالِسًا فَصَلَّوْا بِصَلَاتِهِ قِيَامًا فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنِ اجْلِسُوا فَجَلَسُوا فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ الْإِمَامُ لِيُؤْتَمَّ بِهِ فَإِذَا رَكَعَ فَارْكَعُوا وَإِذَا رَفَعَ فَارْفَعُوا وَإِذَا صَلَّى جَالِسًا فَصَلُّوا جُلُوسًا  

When Messenger of Allah ﷺ became seriously ill, Bilal came to him for the prayer. He said, "Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in the prayer." I said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Abu Bakr is a softhearted man and if he stands in your place, he would not be able to make the people hear him. Will you order ʿUmar (to lead the prayer)?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in the prayer." Then I said to Hafsa, "Tell him, Abu i Bakr is a softhearted man and if he stands in his place, he would not be able to make the people hear him. Would you order ʿUmar to lead the prayer?' " Hafsa did so. The Prophet ﷺ said, "Verily you are the companions of Joseph. Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in the prayer." So Abu- Bakr stood for the prayer. In the meantime Messenger of Allah ﷺ felt better and came out with the help of two persons and both of his legs were dragging on the ground till he entered the mosque. When Abu Bakr heard him coming, he tried to retreat but Messenger of Allah ﷺ beckoned him to carry on. The Prophet ﷺ sat on his left side. Abu Bakr was praying while standing and Messenger of Allah ﷺ was leading the prayer while sitting. Abu Bakr was following the Prophet ﷺ and the people were following Abu Bakr (in the prayer). (Using translation from Bukhārī 713)   

لَمَّا ثَقُلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ جَاءَ بِلَالٌ يُؤْذِنُهُ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ مُرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَجُلٌ أَسِيفٌ وَإِنَّهُ مَتَى يَقُومُ مَقَامَكَ لَا يُسْمِعُ النَّاسَ فَلَوْ أَمَرْتَ عُمَرَ قَالَ مُرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ لِحَفْصَةَ قُولِي لَهُ إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَجُلٌ أَسِيفٌ وَإِنَّهُ مَتَى يَقُومُ مَقَامَكَ لَا يُسْمِعُ النَّاسَ فَلَوْ أَمَرْتَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّكُنَّ لَأَنْتُنَّ صَوَاحِبُ يُوسُفَ مُرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ قَالَتْ فَأَمَرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ قَالَتْ فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ خِفَّةً قَالَتْ فَقَامَ يُهَادِي بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ وَرِجْلَاهُ تَخُطَّانِ فِي الْأَرْضِ قَالَتْ فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ سَمِعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حِسَّهُ ذَهَبَ لِيَتَأَخَّرَ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قُمْ مَكَانَكَ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى جَلَسَ عَنْ يَسَارِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَتْ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ جَالِسًا وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَائِمًا يَقْتَدِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِصَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَيَقْتَدِي النَّاسُ بِصَلَاةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sick, so he ordered Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer. She said: "Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ found some ease from his illness, so he came and sat beside Abu Bakr. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered Abu Bakr (to lead) while he was sitting and Abu Bakr while the people were standing. So the wording of their narration is equal and it refers to their prayer while sitting during illness. And in his prayer with Abu Bakr, while he was sitting and Abu Bakr was standing, it is an indication that the first act was abrogated and that the correct way is to pray standing. And if his Imam prays sitting with an excuse, then the success is from Allah."  

رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ وَجِعًا فَأَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بِالنَّاسِ قَالَتْ فَوَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ خِفَّةً فَجَاءَ فَقَعَدَ إِلَى جَنْبِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَأَمَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ وَأَمَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّاسَ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِهِمَا سَوَاءٌ وَفِي صَلَاتِهِ ﷺ جَالِسًا فِي مَرَضِهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى مَا قَصَدْنَاهُ بِهَذَا الْبَابِ وَفِي صَلَاتِهِ بِأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَائِمٌ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ الْأَوَّلَ صَارَ مَنْسُوخًا وَأَنَّ الصَّحِيحَ يُصَلِّي قَائِمًا وَإِنْ صَلَّى إِمَامُهُ قَاعِدًا بِالْعُذْرِ وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ  

[Machine] I had hemorrhoids, so I asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , and he said, "Pray standing. If you cannot, then sitting. If you cannot, then lying on your side." Abu Al-Hasan informed us, Isma'il reported to us from Abbas ibn Muhammad, who reported from Ali ibn Al-Hasan ibn Shaqiq, who reported from Ibrahim ibn Tahman, who reported from Husayn al-Mualim, who reported from Ibn Buraydah, who reported from Imran ibn Husayn, who reported from the Prophet ﷺ something similar to it.  

كَانَتْ بِي بَوَاسِيرُ فَسَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ صَلِّ قَائِمًا فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ فَقَاعِدًا فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ فَعَلَى جَنْبٍ 3660 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ ثنا عَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ عَنْ حُسَيْنٍ الْمُعَلِّمِ عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ