[Machine] That the people of ignorance used to count and say "zero" for the month of Al-Muharram and "zero" for the month of Safar. They would also invert and perform a pilgrimage in one year during a certain month, and in another year during a different month. They would say, "If we make a mistake in observing the sacredness of a certain place in one year, we will compensate for it in another year." So Allah, may He be glorified and exalted, revealed the verse: "The postponing (of a Sacred Month) is Indeed an Addition to Unbelief" [Surah At-Tawbah 9:37]. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Indeed, time has turned around just as it was on the day when Allah created the heavens and the earth." Therefore, no month should be inverted, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ named it Al-Muharram.  

أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانُوا يَعْدُونَ فَيَقُولُونَ صَفَرَانِ لِلْمُحَرَّمِ وَصَفَرٍ وَيَنْسَئُونَ فَيَحُجُّونَ عَامًا فِي شَهْرٍ وَعَامًا فِي غَيْرِهِ وَيَقُولُونَ إِنْ أَخْطَأْنَا مَوْضِعَ الْحُرُمِ فِي عَامٍ أَصَبْنَاهُ فِي غَيْرِهِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ {إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ} [التوبة 37] الْآيَةَ وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ الزَّمَانَ قَدِ اسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ اللهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ فَلَا شَهْرَ يُنْسَأُ وَسَمَّاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمُحَرَّمَ  

The Prophet ﷺ said, "Time has taken its original shape which it had when Allah created the Heavens and the Earth. The year is of twelve months, four of which are sacred, and out of these (four) three are in succession, i.e. Dhul-Qa'da, Dhul-Hijja and Al-Muharram, and the fourth is Rajab which is named after the Mudar tribe, between (the month of) Jumaida (ath-thania) and Sha'ban." Then the Prophet ﷺ asked, "Which is this month?" We said, "Allah and His Apostle know better." On that the Prophet ﷺ kept quiet so long that we thought that he might name it with another name. Then the Prophet ﷺ said, "Isn't it the month of Dhul-Hijja?" We replied, "Yes." Then he said, "Which town is this?" "We replied, "Allah and His Apostle know better." On that he kept quiet so long that we thought that he might name it with another name. Then he said, "Isn't it the town of Mecca?" We replied, "Yes, " Then he said, "Which day is today?" We replied, "Allah and His Apostle know better." He kept quiet so long that we thought that he might name it with another name. Then he said, "Isn't it the day of An- Nahr (i.e. sacrifice)?" We replied, "Yes." He said, "So your blood, your properties, (The sub-narrator Muhammad said, 'I think the Prophet ﷺ also said: And your honor..) are sacred to one another like the sanctity of this day of yours, in this city of yours, in this month of yours; and surely, you will meet your Lord, and He will ask you about your deeds. Beware! Do not become infidels after me, cutting the throats of one another. It is incumbent on those who are present to convey this message (of mine) to those who are absent. May be that some of those to whom it will be conveyed will understand it better than those who have actually heard it." (The sub-narrator, Muhammad, on remembering that narration, used to say, "Muhammad spoke the truth!") He (i.e. Prophet) then added twice, "No doubt! Haven't I conveyed (Allah's Message) to you?" (Using translation from Bukhārī 4406)   

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّ الزَّمَانَ قَدِ اسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ اللهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ السَّنَةُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ ثَلَاثَةٌ مُتَوَالِيَاتٌ ذُو الْقَعْدَةِ وَذُو الْحِجَّةِ وَالْمُحَرَّمُ وَرَجَبٌ شَهْرُ مُضَرَ الَّذِي بَيْنَ جُمَادَى وَشَعْبَانَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أِيُّ شَهْرٍ هَذَا؟ قُلْنَا اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ فَسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ سَيُسَمِّيهِ بِغَيْرِ اسْمِهِ قَالَ أَلَيْسَ ذَا الْحِجَّةِ؟ قُلْنَا بَلَى قَالَ فَأِيُّ بَلَدٍ هَذَا؟ قُلْنَا اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ فَسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ سَيُسَمِّيهِ بِغَيْرِ اسْمِهِ قَالَ أَلَيْسَ الْبَلْدَةَ؟ قُلْنَا بَلَى قَالَ فَأِيُّ يَوْمٍ هَذَا؟ قُلْنَا اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ فَسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ سَيُسَمِّيهِ بِغَيْرِ اسْمِهِ قَالَ أَلَيْسَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ؟ قُلْنَا بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ فَإِنَّ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَأَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ وَأَعْرَاضَكُمْ حَرَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ كَحُرْمَةِ يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا فِي بَلَدِكُمْ هَذَا فِي شَهْرِكُمْ هَذَا وَسَتَلْقَوْنَ رَبَّكُمْ فَيَسْأَلُكُمْ عَنْ أَعْمَالِكُمْ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوا بَعْدِي ضُلَّالًا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ أَلَا لِيُبَلِّغِ الشَّاهِدُ الْغَائِبَ فَلَعَلَّ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَبْلُغُهُ أَوْعَى لَهُ مِنْ بَعْضِ مَنْ سَمِعَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَلَا هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ؟ لَمْ يَسُقِ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ مَتْنَهُ وَقَالَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِنَّ الزَّمَانَ قَدِ اسْتَدَارَ  

[Machine] In His saying {Indeed, the postponing of sacred months is an increase in disbelief} [Surah At-Tawbah 37], An-Nasii' said that Junadah ibn 'Awf ibn Umayyah Al-Kinani used to perform Hajj every year, and he was known as Abu Thumamah. He would call out, "Indeed, Abu Thumamah is neither praised nor blamed." Indeed, in the year of Safar, he would declare it to be permissible for the people, thus making it forbidden for the next year, and he would also declare Muharram to be forbidden for the following year. That is what Allah the Almighty has said, {Indeed, the postponing of sacred months is an increase in disbelief by which those who have disbelieved are led [further] astray. They make it lawful one year and unlawful another year} [Surah At-Tawbah 37], until His saying, {He does not guide the disbelieving people} [Surah Al-Baqarah 264].  

فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ} [التوبة 37] قَالَ النَّسِيءُ أَنَّ جُنَادَةَ بْنَ عَوْفِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ الْكِنَانِيَّ كَانَ يُوَافِي الْمَوْسِمَ كُلَّ عَامٍ وَكَانَ يُكَنَّى أَبَا ثُمَامَةَ فَيُنَادِي أَلَا إِنَّ أَبَا ثُمَامَةَ لَا يُحَابُ وَلَا يُعَابُ أَلَا وَإِنَّ عَامَ صَفَرٍ الْأَوَّلِ الْعَامَ حَلَالٌ فَيُحِلُّهُ لِلنَّاسِ فَيُحَرِّمُ صَفَرًا عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُ الْمُحَرَّمَ عَامًا فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى {إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ يُضَلُّ بِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُحِلُّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا} [التوبة 37] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ} [البقرة 264]  

[Machine] The promiscuity, immorality, and sins are all acts that are not to be debated in regards to Hajj. He says, "It is not a month that can be postponed. The Hajj is clear and there is no doubt about it." This is because in the time of ignorance, they would drop the month of Al-Muharram, then they would say that it is equal to Safar, and they would drop the month of Rabi' Al-Awwal, then they would say that it is equal to Rabi' Al-Akhir. The scholar said, "They differed in the Hajj of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, did it take place in Dhul-Qadah or in Dhul-Hijjah? Mujahid believed that it took place in Dhul-Qadah, while some believed that it took place in Dhul-Hijjah."  

الرَّفَثُ الْجِمَاعُ وَالْفُسُوقُ الْمَعَاصِي وَلَا جِدَالَ فِي الْحَجِّ يَقُولُ لَيْسَ هُوَ شَهْرًا يُنْسَأُ قَدْ تَبَيَّنَ الْحَجُّ لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يُسْقِطُونَ الْمُحَرَّمَ ثُمَّ يَقُولُونَ صَفَرٌ بِصَفَرٍ وَيُسْقِطُونَ شَهْرَ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلَ ثُمَّ يَقُولُونَ شَهْرُ رَبِيعٍ بِشَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي حَجِّ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ قَبْلَ حَجِّ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ هَلْ كَانَ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ أَوْ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ؟ فَذَهَبَ مُجَاهِدٌ إِلَى أَنَّهُ وَقَعَ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ وَذَهَبَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى أَنَّهُ وَقَعَ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ  

[Machine] In his statement "Verily, negligence is an increase in disbelief" [Surah At-Tawbah: 37], he (Abdullah ibn Mas'ud) said they performed Hajj in the month of Dhul-Hijjah for two consecutive years, then they performed Hajj in the month of Muharram for two consecutive years. So they used to perform Hajj every year, every month for two consecutive years, until the Hajj of Abu Bakr coincided with the end of the two years in the month of Dhul-Qa'dah before the Hajj of the Prophet ﷺ by one year. Then the Prophet ﷺ performed Hajj the following year in Dhul-Hijjah. This is the time when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said in his sermon: "Verily, time has turned as it was on the day He created the heavens and the earth."  

فِي قَوْلِهِ {إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ} [التوبة 37] قَالَ حَجُّوا فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ عَامَيْنِ ثُمَّ حَجُّوا فِي الْمُحَرَّمِ عَامَيْنِ فَكَانُوا يَحُجُّونَ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ عَامَيْنِ حَتَّى وَافَقَتْ حَجَّةُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ الْآخِرَ مِنَ الْعَامَيْنِ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ قَبْلَ حَجَّةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِسَنَةٍ ثُمَّ حَجَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنْ قَابِلٍ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ فَذَلِكَ حِينَ يَقُولُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ إِنَّ الزَّمَانَ قَدِ اسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ  

[Machine] Abu Bakr sent me in that Hajj as a mu'adhin (caller to prayer) on the Day of Sacrifice in Mina. We were calling out the adhan announcing that it is not permissible for a mushrik (polytheist) to perform Hajj after that year, nor for anyone to perform Tawaf around the Kaaba naked. Abu Abdullah said: "This hadith of Az-Zuhri has a good chain of transmission and Abu Bakr's Hajj was in the month of Dhul-Hijjah, as Az-Zuhri mentioned." Abu Abdullah said: "Surah At-Tawbah (Chapter 9) was revealed before Abu Bakr's Hajj, in which it is mentioned: 'Verily, the number of months with Allah is twelve.' (Quran 9:36) And also: 'Verily the Mushrikun are impure.' (Quran 9:37) So was it permissible for Abu Bakr to perform Hajj following the tradition of the Arabs, while Allah informed them that such a act is considered disbelief?"  

بَعَثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَجَّةِ فِي مُؤَذِّنِينَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ نُؤَذِّنُ بِمِنًى أَنْ لَا يَحُجَّ بَعْدَ الْعَامِ مُشْرِكٌ وَلَا يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ عُرْيَانٌ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ حَدِيثُ الزُّهْرِيِّ إِسْنَادُهُ إِسْنَادٌ جَيِّدٌ وَإِنَّمَا كَانَتْ حَجَّةُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ عَلَى مَا ذَكَرَ الزُّهْرِيُّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ قَدْ نَزَلَتْ سُورَةُ بَرَاءَةَ قَبْلَ حَجَّةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ وَفِيهَا {إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ} [التوبة 37] وَفِيهَا {إنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِنْدَ اللهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا} [التوبة 36] فَهَلْ كَانَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَحُجَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَى حَجِّ الْعَرَبِ وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَ اللهُ أَنَّ فِعْلَهُمْ ذَلِكَ كَانَ كُفْرًا؟