12. Ḥajj and ʿUmrah

١٢۔ كِتَابُ الْحَجِّ

12.326 [Machine] Women are required to perform Hajj if there is a way to do so and they can do it with confidence among other women on a safe and populated route. The saying of Allah, "And [due] to Allah from the people is a pilgrimage to the House - for whoever is able to find thereto a way" [Al-Imran: 97] and we have been narrated from the Prophet ﷺ"that the way is the provision and the means of transportation.

١٢۔٣٢٦ بَابُ الْمَرْأَةِ يَلْزَمُهَا الْحَجُّ بِوُجُودِ السَّبِيلِ إِلَيْهِ وَكَانَتْ مَعَ ثِقَةٍ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ فِي طَرِيقٍ مَأْهُولَةٍ آمِنَةٍ. قَوْلُهُ ﷻ {وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا} [آل عمران: 97] وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ " أَنَّ السَّبِيلَ الزَّادُ وَالرَّاحِلَةُ "

bayhaqi:10129Abū ʿAbdullāh al-Ḥāfiẓ And ʾAbū Zakariyyā b. Abū Isḥāq Waʾabū Ṣādiq Muḥammad b. Abū al-Fawāris > Abū al-ʿAbbās Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb > Muḥammad b. Isḥāq > Qabīṣah b. ʿUqbah > Sufyān > Ibrāhīm > Muḥammad b. ʿAbbād al-Makhzūmī

[Machine] Narrated by Ibn Umar, he heard it from the Prophet ﷺ who said: "Whoever has the ability to travel to it." [Al-Imran, 97]. Al-Zad and Al-Rahilah were mentioned to us from various reliable narrations from Al-Hasan Al-Basri, who narrated it from the Prophet ﷺ through a chain of transmission with strength for this hadith.  

البيهقي:١٠١٢٩وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ وَأَبُو صَادِقٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْفَوَارِسِ قَالُوا ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ثنا قَبِيصَةُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ ثنا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ

عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ سَمِعَهُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ {مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا} [آل عمران 97] قَالَ الزَّادُ وَالرَّاحِلَةُ وَرُوِّينَا مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ صَحِيحَةٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا وَفِيهِ قُوَّةٌ لِهَذَا الْمُسْنَدِ  

bayhaqi:10130Abū ʿAbdullāh al-Ḥāfiẓ And ʾAbū Saʿīd b. Abū ʿAmr > Abū al-ʿAbbās Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb > Muḥammad b. Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī > al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. Makhlad Abū ʿĀṣim > Saʿdān b. Bishr > Abū Mujāhid al-Ṭāʾī > Muḥil b. Khalīfah > ʿAdī b. Ḥātim

While I was sitting with Messenger of Allah ﷺ two person came to him; one of them complained about his poverty and the other complained about the prevalence of robberies. Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "As regards stealing and robberies, there will shortly come a time when a caravan will go to Mecca (from Medina) without any guard. And regarding poverty, The Hour (Day of Judgment) will not be established till one of you wanders about with his object of charity and will not find anybody to accept it And (no doubt) each one of you will stand in front of Allah and there will be neither a curtain nor an interpreter between him and Allah, and Allah will ask him, 'Did not I give you wealth?' He will reply in the affirmative. Allah will further ask, 'Didn't send a messenger to you?' And again that person will reply in the affirmative Then he will look to his right and he will see nothing but Hell-fire, and then he will look to his left and will see nothing but Hell-fire. And so, any (each one) of you should save himself from the fire even by giving half of a date-fruit (in charity). And if you do not find a hall datefruit, then (you can do it through saying) a good pleasant word (to your brethren). (See Hadith No. 793 Vol. 4). (Using translation from Bukhārī 1413)   

البيهقي:١٠١٣٠أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ أنا الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ أَبُو عَاصِمٍ ثنا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ ثنا أَبُو مُجَاهِدٍ الطَّائِيُّ ثنا مُحِلُّ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ قَالَ

كُنْتُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا يَشْكُو الْعَيْلَةَ وَالْآخَرُ يَشْكُو قَطْعَ السَّبِيلِ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَا يَأْتِي عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنَ الْحِيرَةِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ بِغَيْرِ خَفِيرٍ وَلَا تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ حَتَّى يَطُوفَ أَحَدُكُمْ بِصَدَقَتِهِ فَلَا يَجِدُ مَنْ يَقْبَلُهَا ثُمَّ لَيَفِيضُ الْمَالُ ثُمَّ لَيَقِفَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللهِ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ حِجَابٌ يَحْجُبُهُ وَلَا تُرْجُمَانٌ فَيُتَرْجِمُ لَهُ فَيَقُولُ أَلَمْ أُوتِكَ مَالًا؟ فَيَقُولُ بَلَى فَيَقُولُ أَلَمْ أُرْسِلْ إِلَيْكَ رَسُولًا فَيَقُولُ بَلَى فَيَنْظُرُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ فَلَا يَرَى إِلَّا النَّارَ وَيَنْظُرُ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ فَلَا يَرَى إِلَّا النَّارَ فَلْيَتَّقِ أَحَدُكُمُ النَّارَ وَلَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْهَا فَبِكَلِمَةٍ طَيْبَةٍ  

رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ
bayhaqi:10131Abū ʿAmr Muḥammad b. ʿAbdullāh al-Adīb > Abū Bakr al-Ismāʿīlī > al-Ḥasan b. Sufyān > Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm > al-Naḍr b. Shumayl > Abū Bakr > al-Qāsim > Aḥmad b. Manṣūr > al-Naḍr > Isrāʾīl > Saʿd al-Ṭāʾī > Muḥil b. Khalīfah > ʿAdī b. Ḥātim > Baynā

While I was in the city of the Prophet, a man came and complained to him (the Prophet, ) of destitution and poverty. Then another man came and complained of robbery (by highwaymen). The Prophet said, "Adi! Have you been to Al-Hira?" I said, "I haven't been to it, but I was informed about it." He said, "If you should live for a long time, you will certainly see that a lady in a Howdah traveling from Al-Hira will (safely reach Mecca and) perform the Tawaf of the Kaʿba, fearing none but Allah." I said to myself, "What will happen to the robbers of the tribe of Tai who have spread evil through out the country?" The Prophet ﷺ further said. "If you should live long, the treasures of Khosrau will be opened (and taken as spoils)." I asked, "You mean Khosrau, son of Hurmuz?" He said, "Khosrau, son of Hurmuz; and if you should live long, you will see that one will carry a handful of gold or silver and go out looking for a person to accept it from him, but will find none to accept it from him. And any of you, when meeting Allah, will meet Him without needing an interpreter between him and Allah to interpret for him, and Allah will say to him: 'Didn't I send a messenger to teach you?' He will say: 'Yes.' Allah will say: 'Didn't I give you wealth and do you favors?' He will say: 'Yes.' Then he will look to his right and see nothing but Hell, and look to his left and see nothing but Hell." ʿAdi further said: I heard the Prophet ﷺ saying, "Save yourself from the (Hell) Fire even with half a date (to be given in charity) and if you do not find a half date, then with a good pleasant word." ʿAdi added: (later on) I saw a lady in a Howdah traveling from Al-Hira till she performed the Tawaf of the Kaʿba, fearing none but Allah. And I was one of those who opened (conquered) the treasures of Khosrau, son of Hurmuz. If you should live long, you will see what the Prophet ﷺ Abu-l-Qasim had said: 'A person will come out with a handful. of gold...etc. (Using translation from Bukhārī 3595)   

البيهقي:١٠١٣١وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَدِيبُ أنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أنا النَّضْرُ بْنُ شُمَيْلٍ قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَخْبَرَنِي الْقَاسِمُ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ ثنا النَّضْرُ أنا إِسْرَائِيلُ أنا سَعْدٌ الطَّائِيُّ ثنا مُحِلُّ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ ؓ قَالَ

بَيْنَا أَنَا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ الْفَاقَةَ وَأَتَاهُ آخَرُ فَشَكَا قَطْعَ السَّبِيلِ قَالَ يَا عَدِيُّ بْنَ حَاتِمٍ هَلْ رَأَيْتَ الْحِيرَةَ؟ قُلْتُ لَمْ أَرَهَا وَقَدْ أُنْبِئْتُ عَنْهَا قَالَ فَإِنْ طَالَتْ بِكَ حَيَاةٌ لَتَرَيَنَّ الظَّعِينَةَ تَرْتَحِلُ مِنَ الْحِيرَةِ حَتَّى تَطُوفَ بِالْكَعْبَةِ لَا تَخَافُ أَحَدًا إِلَّا اللهَ قُلْتُ فِيمَا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ نَفْسِي فَأَيْنَ دُعَّارُ طَيِّئٍ الَّذِينَ قَدْ سَعَّرُوا الْبِلَادَ وَلَئِنْ طَالَتْ بِكَ حَيَاةٌ لَتُفْتَحَنَّ كُنُوزُ كِسْرَى قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كِسْرَى بْنُ هُرْمُزَ قَالَ كِسْرَى بْنُ هُرْمُزَ وَلَئِنْ طَالَتْ بِكَ حَيَاةٌ لَتَرَيَنَّ الرَّجُلَ يُخْرِجُ مِلْءَ كَفَّيْهِ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ يَطْلُبُ مَنْ يَقْبَلُهُ مِنْهُ فَلَا يَجِدُ أَحَدًا يَقْبَلُهُ مِنْهُ وَلَيَلْقَيَنَّ اللهَ أَحَدُكُمْ يَوْمَ يَلْقَاهُ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ تُرْجُمَانٌ يُتَرْجِمُ لَهُ فَيَقُولُ أَلَمْ أَبْعَثْ إِلَيْكَ رَسُولًا يُبَلِّغُكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ بَلَى فَيَنْظُرُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ فَلَا يَرَى إِلَّا جَهَنَّمَ وَيَنْظُرُ عَنْ شِمَالِهِ فَلَا يَرَى إِلَّا جَهَنَّمَ قَالَ عَدِيٌّ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ اتَّقُوا النَّارَ وَلَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ شِقَّ تَمْرَةٍ فَبِكَلِمَةٍ طَيْبَةٍ قَالَ عَدِيٌّ قَدْ رَأَيْتُ الظَّعِينَةَ تَرْتَحِلُ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ حَتَّى تَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ لَا تَخَافُ إِلَّا اللهَ وَكُنْتُ فِيمَنِ افْتَتَحَ كُنُوزَ كِسْرَى بْنِ هُرْمُزَ وَلَئِنْ طَالَتْ بِكُمْ حَيَاةٌ سَتَرَوْنَ مَا قَالَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ ﷺ يُخْرِجُ الرَّجُلُ مِلْءَ كَفِّهِ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ فَلَا يَجِدُ مَنْ يَقْبَلُهُ مِنْهُ  

رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ شُمَيْلٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ سَافَرَ بِمَوْلَاةٍ لَهُ لَيْسَ هُوَ لَهَا بِمَحْرَمٍ وَلَا مَعَهَا مَحْرَمٌ
bayhaqi:10132[Chain 1] Abū Naṣr b. Qatādah > ʿAbdullāh b. Aḥmad b. Saʿd al-Ḥāfiẓ > Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Būshanjī > Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal > ʿUqbah b. Khālid > ʿUbaydullāh b. ʿUmar [Chain 2] Abū ʿAlī al-Rūdhbārī > Muḥammad b. Bakr > Abū Dāwud > Naṣr b. ʿAlī > Abū Aḥmad > Sufyān > ʿUbaydullāh > Nāfiʿ

[Machine] It is said that Safiyyah traveled with him to Mecca, and in another narration, it is said that Ibn 'Umar performed Hajj with a slave girl named Safiyyah, riding on a weak camel. Al-Shafi'i mentioned in Al-Jadid that we have received similar statements from Aisha, Ibn 'Umar, and Urwah regarding women traveling for Hajj even if they do not have a male guardian accompanying them. This is also mentioned by Ata' from Malik ibn Anas in the past.  

البيهقي:١٠١٣٢أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ الْحَافِظُ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ ثنا عُقْبَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ثنا نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ أنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ ثنا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ عَنْ نَافِعٍ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ ؓ كَانَ يُرْدِفُ مَوْلَاةً لَهُ

يُقَالُ لَهَا صَفِيَّةُ تُسَافِرُ مَعَهُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عُقْبَةَ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ حَجَّ بِمَوْلَاةٍ لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهَا صَافِيَةُ عَلَى عَجُزِ بَعِيرٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَعُرْوَةَ مِثْلُ قَوْلِنَا فِي أَنْ تُسَافِرَ الْمَرْأَةُ لِلْحَجِّ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهَا مَحْرَمٌ وَذَكَرَهُ أَيْضًا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ وَفِي الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ  

bayhaqi:10133Abū ʿAbdullāh al-Ḥāfiẓ > Abū al-ʿAbbās Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb > al-ʿAbbās al-Dūrī > ʿUthmān b. ʿUmar > Yūnus > al-Zuhrī > ʿAmrah > ʿĀʾishah Ukhbirat > Abū Saʿīd Yuftī > al-Marʾah Lā Tusāfir Illā Maʿ Maḥram

[Machine] Not all of them are from the forbidden.  

البيهقي:١٠١٣٣أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ الدُّورِيُّ ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عَمْرَةَ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ أُخْبِرَتْ أَنَّ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ يُفْتِي أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَا تُسَافِرُ إِلَّا مَعَ مَحْرَمٍ فَقَالَتْ

مَا كُلُّهُنَّ مِنْ ذَوَاتِ مَحْرَمٍ