1. Purification
١۔ كِتَابُ الطَّهَارَة
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: When a bondsman-a Muslim or a believer-washes his face (in course of ablution), every sin he contemplated with his eyes, will be washed away from his face along with water, or with the last drop of water; when he washes his hands, every sin they wrought will be effaced from his hands with the water, or with the last drop of water; and when he washes his feet, every sin towards which his feet have walked will be washed away with the water or with the last drop of water with the result that he comes out pure from all sins. (Using translation from Muslim 244)
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ الْعَبْدُ الْمُسْلِمُ أَوِ الْمُؤْمِنُ فَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ خَرَجَ مِنْ وَجْهِهِ كُلُّ خَطِيئَةٍ نَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا بِعَيْنَيْهِ مَعَ الْمَاءِ أَوْ مَعَ آخِرِ قَطْرِ الْمَاءِ فَإِذَا غَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ خَرَجَ مِنْ يدَيْهِ كُلُّ خَطِيئَةٍ بَطَشَتْهَا يَدَاهُ مَعَ الْمَاءِ أَوْ مَعَ آخِرِ قَطْرِ الْمَاءِ فَإِذَا غَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ خَرَجَتْ كُلُّ خَطِيئَةٍ مَشَتْهَا رِجْلَاهُ مَعَ الْمَاءِ أَوْ مَعَ آخِرِ قَطْرِ الْمَاءِ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ نَقِيًّا مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ
[Machine] Amr ibn Abasa al-Sulami said, "I mentioned a long story about his [the Prophet's] arrival in Mecca and his arrival in Medina. I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, what is ablution? Tell me about it.' He said, 'When any one of you approaches his ablution, and then gargles and sniffs water up his nose and expels it, his sins and his impurities come out with the water. Then, when he washes his face as Allah has commanded him, his sins and the impurities of his face come out from the ends of his beard with the water. Then he washes his hands up to the elbows, and his sins and the impurities of his hands come out from his fingertips with the water. Then he wipes his head, and his sins and the impurities of his head come out from the ends of his hair with the water. Then he washes his feet up to the ankles, and his sins and the impurities of his feet come out from his toes with the water. If he stands and prays and praises and glorifies Allah, who is worthy of praise and glorification, and devotes his heart solely to Allah, then he will depart from his sin in the same state as when his mother gave birth to him.'"
قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبَسَةَ السُّلَمِيُّ فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثًا طَوِيلًا فِي قُدُومِهِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ ثُمَّ قُدُومِهِ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا الْوضُوءُ؟ حَدِّثْنِي عَنْهُ قَالَ مَا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَقْرَبُ وَضُوءَهُ فَيُمَضْمِضُ وَيَسْتَنْشِقُ فَيَنْثُرُ إِلَّا خَرَجَتْ خَطَايَا فِيهِ وَخَيَاشِيمِهِ مَعَ الْمَاءِ ثُمَّ إِذَا غَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ كَمَا أَمَرَهُ اللهُ إِلَّا خَرَجَتْ خَطَايَا وَجْهِهِ مِنْ أَطْرَافِ لِحْيَتِهِ مَعَ الْمَاءِ ثُمَّ يَغْسِلُ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ إِلَّا خَرَجَتْ خَطَايَا يَدَيْهِ مِنْ أَنَامِلِهِ مَعَ الْمَاءِ ثُمَّ يَمْسَحُ رَأْسَهُ إِلَّا خَرَجَتْ خَطَايَا رَأْسِهِ مِنْ أَطْرَافِ شَعْرِهِ مَعَ الْمَاءِ ثُمَّ يَغْسِلُ قَدَمَيْهِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ إِلَّا خَرَجَتْ خَطَايَا رِجْلَيْهِ مِنْ أَنَامِلِهِ مَعَ الْمَاءِ فَإِنْ هُوَ قَامَ فَصَلَّى فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وَمَجَّدَهُ بِالَّذِي هُوَ لَهُ أَهْلٌ وَفَرَّغَ قَلْبَهُ لِلَّهِ إِلَّا انْصَرَفَ مِنْ خَطِيئَتِهِ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْمَ وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "When a servant performs ablution and rinses his mouth, his sins come out with the water from his mouth. And when he blows his nose, his sins come out with the water from his nose. And when he washes his face, his sins come out of his face, even from under the corners of his eyes. And when he washes his hands, his sins come out from his hands, even from under his nails. And when he wipes his head, his sins come out from his head, even from his ears. And when he washes his feet, his sins come out from his feet, even from under his toenails. Then when he walks to the mosque and prays his voluntary prayer, I have been informed by Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz that he said: I heard Abu Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qub say: I heard Al-Abbas ibn Muhammad Al-Duri say: I heard Yahya ibn Ma'in say: 'Ata ibn Yassar narrated from Abdullah Al-Sunabihi, also known as Abu Abdullah Al-Sanabehi, that he was a companion of Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, and Al-Sunabehi was a companion of Qais ibn Abi Hazim, also known as Al-Sunabehi ibn Al-Asar. This is what Yahya ibn Ma'in said, and Al-Bukhari claimed that Malik ibn Anas is mistaken in this matter, and it is indeed Abu Abdullah Abdur-Rahman ibn Usayla Al-Sunabehi who narrated from Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq. And Al-Sunabehi ibn Al-Asar is a companion of the Prophet ﷺ . Imam Ahmad also said, and this hadith is mursal."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ الْعَبْدُ فَمَضْمَضَ خَرَجَتِ الْخَطَايَا مِنْ فِيهِ فَإِذَا اسْتَنْثَرَ خَرَجَتِ الْخَطَايَا مِنْ أَنْفِهِ فَإِذَا غَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ خَرَجَتِ الْخَطَايَا مِنْ وَجْهِهِ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ مِنْ تَحْتِ أَشْفَارِ عَيْنَيْهِ فَإِذَا غَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ خَرَجَتِ الْخَطَايَا مَنْ يدَيْهِ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ الْخَطَايَا مِنْ تَحْتِ أَظْفَارِ يَدَيْهِ فَإِذَا مَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ خَرَجَتِ الْخَطَايَا مِنْ رَأْسِهِ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ مِنْ أُذُنَيْهِ فَإِذَا غَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ خَرَجَتِ الْخَطَايَا مِنْ رِجْلَيْهِ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ مِنْ تَحْتِ أَظْفَارِ رِجْلَيْهِ ثُمَّ كَانَ مَشْيُهُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ وَصَلَاتُهُ نَافِلَةً لَهُ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ يَقُولُ يَرْوِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ الصُّنَابِحِيِّ وَيُقَالُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ وَالصُّنَابِحِيُّ صَاحِبُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُسَيْلَةَ وَالصُّنَابِحِيُّ صَاحِبُ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ الصُّنَابِحُ بْنُ الْأَعْسَرِ كَذَا قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَزَعَمَ الْبُخَارِيُّ أَنَّ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ وَهِمَ فِي هَذَا وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُسَيْلَةَ الصُّنَابِحِيُّ لَمْ يسْمَعْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مُرْسَلٌ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ هُوَ الَّذِي رَوَى عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ وَالصُّنَابِحُ بْنُ الْأَعْسَرِ صَاحِبُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَقَدْ
"The Messenger of Allah said: 'Adhere to righteousness even though you will not be able to do all acts of virtue. Know that the best of your deeds is Salat (prayer) and that no one maintains his ablution except a believer.'" (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 277)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ اسْتَقِيمُوا وَلَنْ تُحْصُوا وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ مِنْ أَفْضَلِ قَالَ أَبُو بَدْرٍ مِنْ خَيْرِ أَعْمَالِكُمُ الصَّلَاةَ وَلَنْ يحَافِظَ عَلَى الْوُضُوءِ إِلَّا مُؤْمِنٌ