1. Purification
١۔ كِتَابُ الطَّهَارَة
Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw a person sitting aloof and not praying with the people. He asked him, "O so and so! What prevented you from offering the prayer with the people?" He replied, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! I am Junub and there is no water." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Perform Tayammum with clean earth and that will be sufficient for you." (Using translation from Bukhārī 348)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ رَأَى رَجُلًا مُعْتَزِلًا لَمْ يُصَلِّ فِي الْقَوْمِ فَقَالَ يَا فُلَانُ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ فِي الْقَوْمِ؟ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَصَابَتْنِي جَنَابَةٌ وَلَا مَاءٌ فَقَالَ عَلَيْكَ بِالصَّعِيدِ فَإِنَّهُ يَكْفِيكَ
[Machine] Amr ibn Yasir recalls when we were on a military expedition and became ritually impure, so we rolled in the dirt. Then we went to the Prophet ﷺ and informed him about it. He said, "It is sufficient for you to do this," and he described that, meaning performing dry ablution (tayammum).
لَهُ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ تَذْكُرُ إِذْ كُنَّا فِي سَرِيَّةٍ وَأَجْنَبْنَا فَتَمَرَّغْنَا فِي التُّرَابِ فَأَتَيْنَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَذَكَرْنَا ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ يَكْفِيكَ هَكَذَا وَوَصَفَ ذَلِكَ يَعْنِي التَّيَمُّمَ
[Machine] I traveled in the sand and became dusty like the animal. Then, I came to the Prophet ﷺ and informed him. He said, "For that, performing tayammum (dry ablution) would have sufficed you."
أَجْنَبْتُ فِي الرَّمْلِ فَتَمَعَّكْتُ تَمَعُّكَ الدَّابَّةِ ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ كَانَ يَكْفِيكَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ التَّيَمُّمُ
[Machine] This verse was revealed regarding the traveler {and not in a state of janabah except for those passing through [a place of prayer], until you have washed [your whole body]}. He said, when he is in a state of janabah and cannot find water, he should perform tayammum and pray until he finds water, and when he finds water, he should perform ghusl (ritual bath).
أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي الْمُسَافِرِ {وَلَا جُنُبًا إِلَّا عَابِرِي سَبِيلٍ حَتَّى تَغْتَسِلُوا} [النساء 43] قَالَ إِذَا أَجْنَبَ فَلَمْ يَجِدِ الْمَاءَ تَيَمَّمَ وَصَلَّى حَتَّى يُدْرِكَ الْمَاءَ فَإِذَا أَدْرَكَ الْمَاءَ اغْتَسَلَ