the Prophet, said: "What is Haram does not make what is Halal into what is Haram.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2015)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يُحَرِّمُ الْحَرَامُ الْحَلَالَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked about a man who unlawfully follows a woman: can he marry her daughter? Or does he unlawfully follow a daughter: can he marry her mother? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The unlawful does not make the lawful forbidden. Rather, what is made forbidden is what is joined through a lawful marriage." Ishaq said, "Abdullah bin Nafi' also said this, and we take his opinion."  

سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُتْبِعُ الْمَرْأَةَ حَرَامًا أَيَنْكِحُ ابْنَتَهَا أَوْ يُتْبِعُ الِابْنَةَ حَرَامًا أَيَنْكِحُ أُمَّهَا؟ قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يُحَرِّمُ الْحَرَامُ الْحَلَالَ إِنَّمَا يُحَرِّمُ مَا كَانَ بِنِكَاحٍ حَلَالٍ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ وَبِهِ نَأْخُذُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "No lawful thing can be corrupted by something that is unlawful. And whoever approaches a woman with indecency, it is not permissible for him to marry her mother or her daughter. As for marriage, it is not specific to Uthman ibn Abi al-Rahman al-Waqqasi, who is weak according to Yahya ibn Ma'in and other scholars of hadith. It is authentically narrated from Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri on the authority of Ali, in a transmitted and attributed form. And according to some scholars, the hadith of Abdullah al-Umari is more reliable. Allah knows best."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يَفْسُدُ حَلَالٌ بِحَرَامٍ وَمَنْ أَتَى امْرَأَةً فُجُورًا فَلَا عَلَيْهِ أن يتَزَوَّجَ أُمَّهَا أَوِ ابْنَتَهَا فَأَمَّا نِكَاحٌ فَلَا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْوَقَّاصِيُّ هَذَا وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ قَالَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ الْحَدِيثِ وَالصَّحِيحُ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ مُرْسَلًا مَوْقُوفًا عَنْهُ وَعِنْدَ بَعْضِ الْعُلَمَاءِ حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْعُمَرِيِّ أَمْثَلُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] Some scholars consider it impermissible to use something that is permissible as a means to commit prohibited actions.  

بَعْضُ الْعُلَمَاءِ لَا يُفْسِدُ اللهُ حَلَالًا بِحَرَامٍ  

[Machine] He said, "When the forbidden and the permissible come together, the forbidden prevails over the permissible. Indeed, it is only..."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَا اجْتَمَعَ الْحَرَامُ وَالْحَلَالُ إِلَّا غَلَبَ الْحَرَامُ عَلَى الْحَلَالِ فَإِنَّمَا  

(from the companions of Messenger of Allah ﷺ) When Suhail bin ʿAmr agreed to the Treaty (of Hudaibiya), one of the things he stipulated then, was that the Prophet ﷺ should return to them (i.e. the pagans) anyone coming to him from their side, even if he was a Muslim; and would not interfere between them and that person. The Muslims did not like this condition and got disgusted with it. Suhail did not agree except with that condition. So, the Prophet ﷺ agreed to that condition and returned Abu Jandal to his father Suhail bin ʿAmr. Thenceforward the Prophet ﷺ returned everyone in that period (of truce) even if he was a Muslim. During that period some believing women emigrants including Um Kulthum bint ʿUqba bin Abu Muait who came to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and she was a young lady then. Her relative came to the Prophet ﷺ and asked him to return her, but the Prophet ﷺ did not return her to them for Allah had revealed the following Verse regarding women: "O you who believe! When the believing women come to you as emigrants. Examine them, Allah knows best as to their belief, then if you know them for true believers, Send them not back to the unbelievers, (for) they are not lawful (wives) for the disbelievers, Nor are the unbelievers lawful (husbands) for them (60.10) (Using translation from Bukhārī 2711)   

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ وَالْمِسْوَرَ بْنَ مَخْرَمَةَ يُخْبِرَانِ خَبَرًا مِنْ خَبَرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ غَزْوَةِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فَكَانَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّهُ لَمَّا كَاتَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ عَلَى قَضِيَّةِ الْمُدَّةِ كَانَ فِيمَا اشْتَرَطَ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو أَنَّهُ لَا يَأْتِيكَ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ عَلَى دِينِكَ إِلَّا رَدَدْتَهُ إِلَيْنَا وَخَلَّيْتَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُ وَأَبَى سُهَيْلٌ أَنْ يُقَاضِيَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَّا عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَكَرِهَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ ذَلِكَ وَأَلْغَطُوا فِيهِ وَتَكَلَّمُوا فِيهِ فَلَمَّا أَبَى سُهَيْلٌ أَنْ يُقَاضِيَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَّا عَلَى ذَلِكَ كَاتَبَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَرَدَّ أَبَا جَنْدَلِ بْنَ سُهَيْلٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ إِلَى أَبِيهِ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَلَمْ يَأْتِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ إِلَّا رَدَّ فِي تِلْكَ الْمُدَّةِ وَإِنْ كَانَ مُسْلِمًا ثُمَّ جَاءَتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ وَكَانَتْ أُمُّ كُلْثُومِ بِنْتُ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ مِمَّنْ هَاجَرَتْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَهِيَ عَاتِقٌ فَجَاءَ أَهْلُهَا يَسْأَلُونَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُرْجِعَهَا إِلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِي الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ مَا أَنْزَلَ  

[Machine] "From Abdullah ibn Abi Zayd Al-Qayrawani."  

عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ  

Qariba, The daughter of Abi Umaiyya, was the wife of 'Umar bin Al-Khattab. 'Umar divorced her and then Mu'awiyya bin Abi Sufyan married her. Similarly, Um Al-Hakam, the daughter of Abi Sufyan was the wife of 'Iyad bin Ghanm Al-Fihri. He divorced her and then 'Abdullah bin 'Uthman Al-Thaqafi married her. (Using translation from Bukhārī 5287)   

عَبَّاسٍ ؓ كَانَتْ قُرَيْبَةُ بِنْتُ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَطَلَّقَهَا فَتَزَوَّجَهَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَكَانَتْ أُمُّ الْحَكَمِ بِنْتُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ تَحْتَ عِيَاضِ بْنِ غَنْمٍ الْفِهْرِيِّ فَطَلَّقَهَا فَتَزَوَّجَهَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الثَّقَفِيُّ  

[Machine] About Mujahid in his saying {And do not hold onto the bond of disbelieving women} [Al-Mumtahina 10], he said that the companions of the Prophet ﷺ were ordered to divorce women who were disbelievers in Makkah. They sat with the disbelievers in Makkah. Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said, and Allah said {And do not marry the polytheistic women until they believe, and a believing slave woman is better than a polytheistic woman} [Al-Baqarah 221]. It was said about this verse that it was revealed concerning a group of Arab polytheists who were idol worshippers, and it was prohibited for them to marry their women just as it was prohibited for their women to marry the believers. If this is the case, then this verse is firm and there is no abrogation in it.  

عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ} [الممتحنة 10] قَالَ أَمَرَ أَصْحَابَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِطَلَاقِ نِسَاءٍ كُنَّ كَوَافِرَ بِمَكَّةَ قَعَدْنَ مَعَ الْكُفَّارِ بِمَكَّةَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَقَالَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ {وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ وَلَأَمَةٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكَةٍ} [البقرة 221] قِيلَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ إِنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي جَمَاعَةِ مُشْرِكِي الْعَرَبِ الَّذِينَ هُمْ أَهْلُ أَوْثَانٍ يَحْرُمُ نِكَاحُ نِسَائِهِمْ كَمَا يَحْرُمُ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ رِجَالُهُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ فَإِنْ كَانَ هَذَا هَكَذَا فَهَذِهِ الْآيَةُ ثَابِتَةٌ لَيْسَ فِيهَا مَنْسُوخٌ  

[Machine] The statement of Mujahid: "And do not marry polytheistic women until they believe" [Surah Al-Baqarah 221]. This means the women of the people of Makkah who are polytheists, then it allowed them to marry the women of the people of the Book.  

عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى {وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ} [البقرة 221] يَعْنِي نِسَاءَ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ الْمُشْرِكَاتِ ثُمَّ أَحَلَّ لَهُمْ نِسَاءَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ  

[Machine] Regarding His saying, exalted is He, "{And do not marry polytheistic women until they believe}" [Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 221], the scholars of idolatry said, the Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said, and this is also mentioned by As-Suddi and Muqatil ibn Sulayman, the interpreter. Ash-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said, and it has been said that this verse applies to all polytheists, then the permission was revealed afterwards regarding the permissibility of marrying women from the People of the Book, specifically, just as it was mentioned regarding the permissibility of consuming the meat of the People of the Book, Allah, exalted is He, said, "{This day [all] good foods have been made lawful, and the food of those who were given the Scripture is lawful for you and your food is lawful for them. And [lawful in marriage are] chaste women from among the believers and chaste women from among those who were given the Scripture before you}" [Surah Al-Ma'idah, verse 5].  

عَنْ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ} [البقرة 221] قَالَ أَهْلُ الْأَوْثَانِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَمَعْنَاهُ ذَكَرَهُ السُّدِّيُّ وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمُفَسِّرُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَقَدْ قِيلَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي جَمِيعِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ثُمَّ نَزَلَتِ الرُّخْصَةُ بَعْدَهَا فِي إِحْلَالِ نِكَاحِ الْحَرَائِرِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ خَاصَّةً كَمَا جَاءَتْ فِي إِحْلَالِ ذَبَائِحِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى {الْيَوْمَ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الذِّينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ} [المائدة 5]  

[Machine] In His saying, He exalted, {And do not marry polytheistic women until they believe} [Surah Al-Baqarah 221]. Then He made an exception for the women of the People of the Book, saying, {And [lawful in marriage are] chaste women from among those who were given the Scripture before you} [Surah Al-Ma'idah 5]. It is permissible for you to marry them, {When you give them their due compensation} [Surah Al-Ma'idah 5], meaning their dowries. {Chaste women from among the believers and chaste women from among those who were given the Scripture before you} [Surah An-Nisa 25], He says, modest women who are not adulterous.  

فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ} [البقرة 221] ثُمَّ اسْتَثْنَى نِسَاءَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَقَالَ {وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الذِّينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ} [المائدة 5] حِلٌّ لَكُمْ {إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ} [المائدة 5] يَعْنِي مُهُورَهُنَّ {مُحْصَنَاتٍ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحَاتٍ} [النساء 25] يَقُولُ عَفَائِفَ غَيْرَ زَوَانٍ  

[Machine] About Ibn Abbas in his saying, "And do not marry polytheist women until they believe" [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:221], it was abrogated and it is permissible to marry women from the people of the Book (Jews and Christians).  

عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ} [البقرة 221] نُسِخَتْ وَأُحِلَّ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكَاتِ نِسَاءُ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ  

[Machine] Indeed, it is the last chapter that was revealed, so whatever you find in it to be permissible, then deem it as such, and whatever you find in it to be forbidden, then make it prohibited.  

أَمَا إِنَّهَا آخِرُ سُورَةٍ نَزَلَتْ فَمَا وَجَدْتُمْ فِيهَا مِنْ حَلَالٍ فَاسْتَحِلُّوهُ وَمَا وَجَدْتُمْ فِيهَا مِنْ حَرَامٍ فَحَرِّمُوهُ  

[Machine] Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Whichever of the two options it may be, marriage with the eligible women of the People of the Book is allowed. And what I prefer is that a Muslim should not marry them."  

الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فَأَيُّهُمَا كَانَ فَقَدْ أُبِيحَ مِنْهُ نِكَاحُ حَرَائِرِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ قَالَ وَأَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ لَوْ لَمْ يَنْكِحْهُنَّ مُسْلِمٌ  

[Machine] Muslim women do not inherit nor are they inherited, and their wives are lawful for us but our wives are forbidden for them.  

لَا يَرِثْنَ مُسْلِمًا وَلَا يَرِثُهُنَّ وَنِسَاءُهُمْ لَنَا حِلٌّ وَنِسَاءُنَا عَلَيْهِمْ حَرَامٌ  

[Machine] That Uthman ibn Affan married the daughter of al-Furafisa al-Kalbiyyah, who was a Christian, and she converted to Islam under his influence.  

أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ ؓ نَكَحَ ابْنَةَ الْفُرَافِصَةِ الْكَلْبِيَّةَ وَهِيَ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ عَلَى نِسَائِهِ ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَتْ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ  

[Machine] That Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman married a Jewish woman.  

أَنَّ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنَ الْيَمَانِ نَكَحَ يَهُودِيَّةً  

[Machine] He said that Talhah married a Jewess.  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ تَزَوَّجَ طَلْحَةُ ؓ يَهُودِيَّةً  

[Machine] I heard Abu Wa'il saying, "Hudhayfah married a Jewish woman, so Umar wrote to him advising him to leave her. Umar expressed his fear that Muslim women would follow suit and marry non-Muslim men. This advice from Umar was based on a precautionary and disliked act. In another narration, it is mentioned that Hudhayfah wrote back asking if she was unlawful for him. Umar replied saying, "No, but I fear that you may engage in relations with non-Muslim women."  

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا وَائِلٍ يَقُولُ تَزَوَّجَ حُذَيْفَةُ ؓ يَهُودِيَّةً فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ ؓ أَنْ يُفَارِقَهَا فَقَالَ إِنِّي أَخْشَى أَنْ تَدَعُوا الْمُسْلِمَاتِ وَتَنْكِحُوا الْمُومِسَاتِ وَهَذَا مِنْ عُمَرَ ؓ عَلَى طَرِيقِ التَّنْزِيهِ وَالْكَرَاهَةِ فَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى أَنَّ حُذَيْفَةَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَحَرَامٌ هِيَ؟ قَالَ لَا وَلَكِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ تُعَاطُوا الْمُومِسَاتِ مِنْهُنَّ  

[Machine] Umar ibn Al-Khattab wrote to him that the Muslim man can marry a Christian woman, but the Christian man cannot marry a Muslim woman.  

كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ يَنْكِحُ النَّصْرَانِيَّةَ وَلَا يَنْكِحُ النَّصْرَانِيُّ الْمُسْلِمَةَ  

[Machine] Indeed, Allah sent Muhammad with the truth to manifest it over all religions. Our religion is the best of religions, and our nation is above all nations. Our men are above our women, and their men are not above our women. Abu Al-Qasim said that none narrated it from Sufyan except Nu'man. Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "The people of the Book, who permit the marriage of their slaves, are the well-known people of the Torah and the Gospel, who are the Jews and the Christians from the children of Israel, excluding the Magi." The Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "This famous narration is from Abdul Rahman bin Auf, from the Prophet, who said, 'Treat them in accordance with the customs of the people of the Book.'" Thus, the people of knowledge have taken this with evidence and narration as a condition upon paying the jizyah, so they are included with them in the protection of life through the jizyah, without any other. And Allah knows best.  

إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ بِالْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ فَدِينُنَا خَيْرُ الْأَدْيَانِ وَمِلَّتُنَا فَوْقَ الْمِلَلِ وَرِجَالُنَا فَوْقَ نِسَائِهِمْ وَلَا يَكُونُ رِجَالُهُمْ فَوْقَ نِسَائِنَا قَالَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ لَمْ يَرْوِهِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ إِلَّا النُّعْمَانُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَأَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي يَحِلُّ نِكَاحُ حَرَائِرِهِمْ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابَيْنِ الْمَشْهُورَيْنِ التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ وَهُمُ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَى مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ دُونَ الْمَجُوسِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَهَذَا الْأَثَرُ الْمَشْهُورُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ سَنُّوا بِهِمْ سُنَّةَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَحَمَلَهُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ مَعَ الِاسْتِدْلَالِ بِرِوَايَةٍ بِحَالَةٍ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ فَهُمْ مُلْحَقُونَ بِهِمْ فِي حَقْنِ الدَّمِ بِالْجِزْيَةِ دُونَ غَيْرِهَا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] Al-'Abbas Al-Asamm informed Ar-Rabi' that Ash-Shafi'i informed 'Abdul-Majid from Ibn Jurayj who said: 'Ata' said, "The Arab Christians are not the People of the Book. Rather, the People of the Book are the Children of Israel and those to whom the Torah and the Gospel were revealed. As for those who joined them from among the people, they are not counted among them." The Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "We have also narrated from 'Umar and 'Ali, peace be upon them, regarding the Arab Christians, with the same meaning. And it is mentioned in its proper context, if Allah wills."  

الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ أنبأ عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ لَيْسَ نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ بِأَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِنَّمَا أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ وَالَّذِينَ جَاءَتْهُمُ التَّوْرَاةُ وَالْإِنْجِيلُ فَأَمَّا مَنْ دَخَلَ فِيهِمْ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَلَيْسُوا مِنْهُمْ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ وَعَلِيٍّ ؓ فِي نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ بِمَعْنَى هَذَا وَأَنَّهُ لَا تُؤْكَلُ ذَبَائِحُهُمْ وَذَلِكَ يَرِدُ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى  

[Machine] He married a Jewish woman, and Allah knows best.  

أَنَّهُ نَكَحَ يَهُودِيَّةً وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] "Some people from among us are called Samaritans, they observe the Sabbath and recite the Torah, but they do not believe in the Day of Resurrection. So what do you see, O Commander of the Faithful, regarding their sacrifices?" He said, "They are a group from the people of the Scripture, and their sacrifices are the sacrifices of the people of the Scripture."  

أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ قِبَلِنَا يُدْعَوْنَ السَّامِرَةَ يَسْبِتُونَ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ وَيَقْرَءُونَ التَّوْرَاةَ وَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِيَوْمِ الْبَعْثِ فَمَا تَرَى يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي ذَبَائِحِهِمْ؟ قَالَ فَكَتَبَ هُمْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ ذَبَائِحُهُمْ ذَبَائِحُ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ  

[Machine] "The Sabians pray towards the qiblah and give one-fifth (khums). He (Prophet Muhammad) intended to exempt them from paying jizyah (tax), but later it was revealed that they worship angels."  

أَنَّ الصَّابِئِينَ يُصَلُّونَ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ وَيُعْطُونَ الْخُمُسَ قَالَ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَضَعَ عَنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ قَالَ فَأُخْبِرَ بَعْدُ أَنَّهُمْ يَعْبُدُونَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ  

[Machine] In His saying, "And whoever among you cannot [find] the means to marry free, believing women, then [he may marry] from those whom your right hands possess of believing slave girls." (Quran 4:25), it means that whoever does not have the ability to marry free women should marry from the believing slave girls. This is for those who fear that they will commit sin, as this is the better option for them. And it is not permissible for anyone from the free people to marry a slave girl except if they are unable to marry a free woman and fear sin. And if you are patient in refraining from marrying slave girls, it is better for you (Quran 2:54).  

فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنْكُمْ طَوْلًا أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ فَمِنْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ مِنْ فَتَيَاتِكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ} [النساء 25] يَقُولُ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ سَعَةٌ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الْحَرَائِرَ فَلْيَنْكِحْ مِنْ إِمَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَذَلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِيَ الْعَنَتَ وَهُوَ الْفُجُورُ فَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْأَحْرَارِ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ أَمَةً إِلَّا أَنْ لَا يَقْدِرَ عَلَى حُرَّةٍ وَهُوَ يَخْشَى الْعَنَتَ {وَأَنْ تَصْبِرُوا} [النساء 25] عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْإِمَاءِ فَهُوَ {خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ} [البقرة 54]  

[Machine] From Mujahid, "And whoever among you is unable [to marry free believing women], then [he may marry] from those your right hands possess of believing slave girls. And Allah is most knowing about your faith. You [believers] are of one another. So, marry them with the permission of their people and give them their due compensation according to what is acceptable. [They should be] chaste, neither [of] those who commit unlawful intercourse randomly nor those who take [secret] lovers. But once they are sheltered in marriage, if they should commit adultery, then for them is half the punishment for free [unmarried] women. This [allowance] is for him among you who fears sin, but to be patient is better for you. And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful." And it is permissible [to marry them].  

عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ {وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنْكُمْ طَوْلًا} [النساء 25] يَعْنِي مَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ مِنْكُمْ غِنًى يَقُولُ مَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ غِنًى أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ يَعْنِي الْحَرَائِرَ فَلْيَنْكِحِ الْأَمَةَ الْمُؤْمِنَةَ {وَأَنْ تَصْبِرُوا} [النساء 25] عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْإِمَاءِ فَهُوَ {خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ} [البقرة 54] وَهُوَ حَلَالٌ  

[Machine] Wealthy tallness, if it does not find a free woman to marry, he marries a slave and said in his saying {and if you endure, it is better for you} [Al-Nisa 25] He spoke about the marriage of slaves and he said adultery is a disgrace.  

الطَّوْلُ الْغِنَى إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يَنْكِحُ بِهِ الْحُرَّةَ تَزَوَّجَ أَمَةً وَقَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ {وَأَنْ تَصْبِرُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ} [النساء 25] قَالَ عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْإِمَاءِ وَقَالَ الْعَنَتُ الزِّنَا  

[Machine] Ibn Abdullah narrates that whoever finds a free woman to marry should not marry a slave woman.  

بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ ؓ يَقُولُ مَنْ وَجَدَ صَدَاقَ حُرَّةٍ فَلَا يَنْكِحُ أَمَةً  

[Machine] Abu al-Abbas reported that Rabi'a reported that Shafi'i reported that Abdul-Majid reported from Ibn Jurayj, who narrated to me that Ibn Tawus told me, on the authority of his father, who said: "The marriage of a free man to a female slave, while he already has a free woman as a wife, is not permissible." I said: "Is it because of the fear of adultery?" He said: "I do not know if that is the reason."  

ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ أنبأ عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ طَاوُسٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ لَا يَحِلُّ نِكَاحُ الْحُرِّ الْأَمَةَ وَهُوَ يَجِدُ بِصَدَاقِهَا حُرَّةً قُلْتُ يَخَافُ الزِّنَا قَالَ مَا عَلِمْتُهُ يَحِلُّ  

[Machine] "The marriage of slave women is not appropriate today."  

لَا يَصْلُحُ الْيَوْمَ نِكَاحُ الْإِمَاءِ  

[Machine] Because he finds freedom in length.  

لِأَنَّهُ يَجِدُ طَوْلًا إِلَى حُرَّةٍ  

[Machine] "Only the servant marries the one who cannot find the dowry of a free woman and fears dishonor."  

إِنَّمَا يَتَزَوَّجُ الْأَمَةَ مَنْ لَا يَجِدُ مَهْرَ الْحُرَّةِ وَخَشِيَ الْعَنَتَ  

[Machine] "And he said, 'Permission is only granted in them if one cannot find a way to submit to the free woman.' And Allah knows best what is correct."  

وَقَالَ إِنَّمَا رُخِّصَ فِيهِنَّ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ طَوْلًا لِلْحُرَّةِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ بِالصَّوَابِ  

[Machine] Abbas  

عَبَّاسٍ ؓ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited the marriage of a female slave to a free man.  

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ تُنْكَحَ الْأَمَةُ عَلَى الْحُرَّةِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited that a slave woman be married to a free man. This is a transmitted prohibition, except that it is in line with the interpretation of the Book and there is also the statement of a group of companions.  

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ تُنْكَحَ الْأَمَةُ عَلَى الْحُرَّةِ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ فِي مَعْنَى الْكِتَابِ وَمَعَهُ قَوْلُ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ ؓ  

[Machine] If a free woman marries a slave woman, she is allotted two days and the slave woman is allotted one day, as it is not appropriate for the slave woman to marry the free woman.  

إِذَا تَزَوَّجَتِ الْحُرَّةُ عَلَى الْأَمَةِ قَسَمَ لَهَا يَوْمَيْنِ وَلِلْأَمَةِ يَوْمًا أَنَّ الْأَمَةَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهَا أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَ عَلَى الْحُرَّةِ  

[Machine] The passage translates to: "A free woman cannot marry a slave, but a free woman can marry a free man. And whoever finds the dowry of a free woman, should never marry a slave. This is an authentic narration."  

لَا تُنْكَحُ الْأَمَةُ عَلَى الْحُرَّةِ وَتُنْكَحُ الْحُرَّةُ عَلَى الْأَمَةِ وَمَنْ وَجَدَ صَدَاقَ حُرَّةٍ فَلَا يَنْكِحَنَّ أَمَةً أَبَدًا هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ  

[Machine] He brings them together.  

يَجْمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا  

[Machine] He said about a man who married two women in one marriage contract and had three other wives, he said he should separate between himself and those two women he married in one marriage contract, and if he married three in one marriage contract and he already has two wives, he should separate between himself and the three.  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَتَيْنِ فِي عُقْدَةٍ وَلَهُ ثَلَاثُ نِسْوَةٍ قَالَ يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ هَاتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ تَزَوَّجَ فِي عُقْدَةٍ وَإِذَا تَزَوَّجَ ثَلَاثًا فِي عُقْدَةٍ وَعِنْدَهُ امْرَأَتَانِ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الثَّلَاثِ  

[Machine] Abdul-Wahhab bin Ataa informed Abu al-Rabi' Al-Samman, and he mentioned it.  

عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ أَنْبَأَ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ السَّمَّانُ فَذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] It is like a state of death to which one is compelled, and when Allah Almighty enriches you from it, then be self-sufficient.  

هِيَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمَيْتَةِ تَضْطَرُّ إِلَيْهَا فَإِذَا أَغْنَاكَ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهَا فَاسْتَغْنِ  

[Machine] The free man married the slave woman so he is the divorce of the slave woman. It is like the one who owns the dead person and eats from it what he is forced to, then if he becomes independent of it, he should restrain himself. We only say what has been narrated to us about that from Ali and Jabir ibn Abdullah. And with Allah is the success.  

تَزَوَّجَ الْحُرُّ عَلَى الْأَمَةِ فَهُوَ طَلَاقُ الْأَمَةِ هُوَ كَصَاحِبِ الْمَيْتَةِ يَأْكُلُ مِنْهَا مَا اضْطُرَّ إِلَيْهَا فَإِذَا اسْتَغْنَى عَنْهَا فَلْيُمْسِكْ نَحْنُ إِنَّمَا نَقُولُ بِمَا رُوِّينَا فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ ؓ وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ  

[Machine] He used to say about the servant, if he has a free woman, then if he wishes, he can marry her to a slave and if he wishes, he doesn't have to.  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي الْعَبْدِ إِذَا كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ حُرَّةٌ فَإِنْ شَاءَ تَزَوَّجَ عَلَيْهَا الْأَمَةَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ فَلَا  

[Machine] "He (Abu Abdullah) narrated to me that Abu Al-Walid informed him that Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Ibn Zuhair narrated to him that Abdullah Ibn Hashim narrated to him that Waki narrated from Israel, from Jabir, who mentioned it: It is forbidden for a free man to marry a female slave except for the slaves."  

لَا يَنْكِحُ الْأَمَةَ عَلَى الْحُرَّةِ إِلَّا الْمَمْلُوكُ أَنْبَأَنِيهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ إِجَازَةً عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ زُهَيْرٍ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ ثنا وَكِيعٌ عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ فَذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] Because Allah the Almighty says "among your believing women."  

لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ مِنْ فَتَيَاتِكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ  

[Machine] About Al-Hasan's saying, "And whoever among you cannot [find] the means to marry free, believing women" [Quran 4:25], until his saying, "from your believing slave girls" [Quran 4:25], he said, "So we were not granted permission regarding the slave women of the People of the Book."  

عَنِ الْحَسَنِ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنْكُمْ طَوْلًا} [النساء 25] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {مِنْ فَتَيَاتِكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ} [النساء 25] قَالَ فَلَمْ يُرَخِّصْ لَنَا فِي إِمَاءِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ  

[Machine] "And they used to say that it is not permissible for a Muslim to marry a Jewish or Christian woman, but Allah has made lawful for them the chaste women from among those who were given the Scripture, and not prohibited are the believers from marrying them."  

وَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ لَا يَصْلُحُ لِلْمُسْلِمِ نِكَاحُ الْأَمَةِ الْيَهُودِيَّةِ وَلَا النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ إِنَّمَا أَحَلَّ اللهُ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ مِنَ الذِّينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ وَلَيْسَتِ الْأَمَةُ بِمُحْصَنَةٍ