39. Marriage
٣٩۔ كِتَابُ النِّكَاحِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The widow has more right over herself than her guardian, and the virgin should seek permission for herself and her permission is her silence."
رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ الْأَيِّمُ أَحَقُّ بِنَفْسِهَا مِنْ وَلِيِّهَا وَالْبِكْرُ تُسْتَأْذَنُ فِي نَفْسِهَا وَإِذْنُهَا صُمَاتُهَا
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Do not marry a divorced woman until you have sought her permission, and do not marry a virgin until you have sought her consent." They asked, "How can her consent be obtained, O Messenger of Allah?" He said, "By her silence."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تُنْكَحُ الثَّيِّبُ حَتَّى تُسْتَأْمَرَ وَلَا تُنْكَحُ الْبِكْرُ حَتَّى تُسْتَأْذَنَ قَالُوا كَيْفَ إِذْنُهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ فَقَالَ الصُّمُوتُ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The orphan girl should not be married until she is consulted, and the virgin girl should not be married until permission is sought." They asked, "How can her permission be obtained?" He said, "By her silence."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تُنْكَحُ الْأَيِّمُ حَتَّى تُسْتَأْمَرَ وَلَا تُنْكَحُ الْبِكْرُ حَتَّى تُسْتَأْذَنَ قَالُوا كَيْفَ إِذْنُهَا؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَسْكُتَ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The orphan girl is consulted regarding herself, so if she remains silent, then it is her consent. But if she refuses, then it is not permissible for her." Abu Dawood said about the narration of Yazid: "And it is the same."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ تُسْتَأْمَرُ الْيَتِيمَةُ فِي نَفْسِهَا فَإِنْ سَكَتَتْ فَهُوَ إِذْنُهَا وَإِنْ أَبَتْ فَلَا جَوَازَ عَلَيْهَا وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْأَخْبَارُ فِي حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ وَكَذَلِكَ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ heard saying: "Permission is sought for a young orphan in regards to herself. If she remains silent, it is deemed as consent. And if she dislikes it, she is not to be forced."
سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ تُسْتَأْمَرُ الْيَتِيمَةُ فِي نَفْسِهَا فَإِنْ سَكَتَتْ فَهُوَ رِضًى وَإِنْ كَرِهَتْ فَلَا كُرْهَ عَلَيْهَا
[Machine] "I asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about the young girl if her family can arrange her marriage or not. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to her, 'Yes, she can be arranged for marriage.' Aisha said, 'But she feels shy and remains silent.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'That is her approval if she keeps silent.'"
ؓ تَقُولُ سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْجَارِيَةِ يُنْكِحُهَا أَهْلُهَا أَتُسْتَأْمَرُ أَمْ لَا؟ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ نَعَمْ تُسْتَأْمَرُ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَإِنَّهَا تَسْتَحِي فَتَسْكُتُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ذَاكَ إِذْنُهَا إِذَا سَكَتَتْ
I asked the Prophet, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Should the women be asked for their consent to their marriage?" He said, "Yes." I said, "A virgin, if asked, feels shy and keeps quiet." He said, "Her silence means her consent." (Using translation from Bukhārī 6946)
قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ تُسْتَأْمَرُ النِّسَاءُ فِي أَبْضَاعِهِنَّ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ الْبِكْرَ تَسْتَحِي قَالَ تُسْتَأْمَرُ فَإِنْ سَكَتَتْ فَسُكُوتُهَا إِذْنُهَا
[Machine] "On the authority of Ursa bin Amira Al-Kindi, a man from the companions of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ , that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said, 'Command women with regard to themselves, for a non-virgin woman expresses herself, and the pleasure of a virgin lies in her silence.'"
عَنْ عُرْسِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ الْكِنْدِيِّ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ وَآمِرُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ فَإِنَّ الثَّيِّبَ تُعْرِبُ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا وَالْبِكْرُ رِضَاهَا صَمْتُهَا
[Machine] "From the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , that he said: Consult with women in their affairs. It was said to him, O Messenger of Allah, the virgin feels shy. He said, the widow can express herself, and the virgin's acceptance is her silence, and he did not mention marriage in its chain of narration."
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ شَاوِرُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ فَقِيلَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ الْبِكْرَ تَسْتَحِي قَالَ الثَّيِّبُ تُعْرِبُ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا وَالْبِكْرُ رِضَاهَا صَمْتُهَا وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْعُرْسَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ
[Machine] Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, reported: When some of the daughters of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, were proposed to him, he would come to Al-Khidr and say: "If she defames in Al-Khidr, then do not marry her, but if she does not defame in Al-Khidr, then marry her."
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا خُطِبَ إِلَيْهِ بَعْضُ بَنَاتِهِ أَتَى الْخِدْرَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَوْ إِنَّ فُلَانًا يَخْطُبُ فُلَانَةَ فَإِنْ طَعَنَتْ فِي الْخِدْرِ لَمْ يُنْكِحْهَا وَإِنْ لَمْ تَطْعَنْ فِي الْخِدْرِ أَنْكَحَهَا كَذَا
[Machine] When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wanted to marry one of his daughters to someone, he would sit near her and say, "So-and-so intends to marry so-and-so."
كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُنْكِحَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ بَنَاتِهِ جَلَسَ عِنْدَ خِدْرِهَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ فُلَانًا يُرِيدُ فُلَانَةَ
[Machine] When some of the daughters of the Prophet ﷺ were proposed to, he would send for them to come to Al-Khadr and say, "If such and such man has proposed to such and such woman, then if you approve, I will marry her to him, and if you do not approve, I will not marry her to him." And it was narrated from another perspective that the marriage proposal was sent from someone else.
كَانَ إِذَا خُطِبَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بَعْضُ بَنَاتِهِ أَتَى إِلَى الْخِدْرِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ فُلَانًا يَخْطُبُ فُلَانَةَ فَإِنْ حَرَّكَتْهُ لَمْ يُنْكِحْهَا وَإِنْ لَمْ تُحَرِّكْهُ أَنْكَحَهَا وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مُرْسَلًا
[Machine] "When Allah ﷺ desires to marry one of his daughters, he sits next to her and says to her, 'If so-and-so mentions so-and-so, and if she dislikes him and speaks, then I will not marry her to him. But if she remains silent, then I will marry her to him.' Abu Hariz al-Qadi narrated it from Ash-Sha'bi, from Aisha, and from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas."
اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ إِحْدَى بَنَاتِهِ يَجْلِسُ إِلَى خِدْرِهَا فَقَالَ لَهَا إِنَّ فُلَانًا يَذْكُرُ فُلَانَةَ فَإِنْ تَكَلَّمَتْ فَكَرِهَتْ لَمْ يُزَوِّجْهَا وَإِنْ هِيَ صَمَتَتْ زَوَّجَهَا وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو حَرِيزٍ قَاضِي سِجِسْتَانَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ وَعَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ