39. Marriage
٣٩۔ كِتَابُ النِّكَاحِ
[Machine] In His saying, "And whoever among you cannot [find] the means to marry free, believing women, then [he may marry] from those whom your right hands possess of believing slave girls." (Quran 4:25), it means that whoever does not have the ability to marry free women should marry from the believing slave girls. This is for those who fear that they will commit sin, as this is the better option for them. And it is not permissible for anyone from the free people to marry a slave girl except if they are unable to marry a free woman and fear sin. And if you are patient in refraining from marrying slave girls, it is better for you (Quran 2:54).
فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنْكُمْ طَوْلًا أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ فَمِنْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ مِنْ فَتَيَاتِكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ} [النساء 25] يَقُولُ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ سَعَةٌ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الْحَرَائِرَ فَلْيَنْكِحْ مِنْ إِمَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَذَلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِيَ الْعَنَتَ وَهُوَ الْفُجُورُ فَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْأَحْرَارِ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ أَمَةً إِلَّا أَنْ لَا يَقْدِرَ عَلَى حُرَّةٍ وَهُوَ يَخْشَى الْعَنَتَ {وَأَنْ تَصْبِرُوا} [النساء 25] عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْإِمَاءِ فَهُوَ {خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ} [البقرة 54]
[Machine] From Mujahid, "And whoever among you is unable [to marry free believing women], then [he may marry] from those your right hands possess of believing slave girls. And Allah is most knowing about your faith. You [believers] are of one another. So, marry them with the permission of their people and give them their due compensation according to what is acceptable. [They should be] chaste, neither [of] those who commit unlawful intercourse randomly nor those who take [secret] lovers. But once they are sheltered in marriage, if they should commit adultery, then for them is half the punishment for free [unmarried] women. This [allowance] is for him among you who fears sin, but to be patient is better for you. And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful." And it is permissible [to marry them].
عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ {وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنْكُمْ طَوْلًا} [النساء 25] يَعْنِي مَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ مِنْكُمْ غِنًى يَقُولُ مَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ غِنًى أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ يَعْنِي الْحَرَائِرَ فَلْيَنْكِحِ الْأَمَةَ الْمُؤْمِنَةَ {وَأَنْ تَصْبِرُوا} [النساء 25] عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْإِمَاءِ فَهُوَ {خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ} [البقرة 54] وَهُوَ حَلَالٌ
[Machine] Wealthy tallness, if it does not find a free woman to marry, he marries a slave and said in his saying {and if you endure, it is better for you} [Al-Nisa 25] He spoke about the marriage of slaves and he said adultery is a disgrace.
الطَّوْلُ الْغِنَى إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يَنْكِحُ بِهِ الْحُرَّةَ تَزَوَّجَ أَمَةً وَقَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ {وَأَنْ تَصْبِرُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ} [النساء 25] قَالَ عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْإِمَاءِ وَقَالَ الْعَنَتُ الزِّنَا
[Machine] Ibn Abdullah narrates that whoever finds a free woman to marry should not marry a slave woman.
بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ ؓ يَقُولُ مَنْ وَجَدَ صَدَاقَ حُرَّةٍ فَلَا يَنْكِحُ أَمَةً
[Machine] Abu al-Abbas reported that Rabi'a reported that Shafi'i reported that Abdul-Majid reported from Ibn Jurayj, who narrated to me that Ibn Tawus told me, on the authority of his father, who said: "The marriage of a free man to a female slave, while he already has a free woman as a wife, is not permissible." I said: "Is it because of the fear of adultery?" He said: "I do not know if that is the reason."
ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ أنبأ عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ طَاوُسٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ لَا يَحِلُّ نِكَاحُ الْحُرِّ الْأَمَةَ وَهُوَ يَجِدُ بِصَدَاقِهَا حُرَّةً قُلْتُ يَخَافُ الزِّنَا قَالَ مَا عَلِمْتُهُ يَحِلُّ
[Machine] "The marriage of slave women is not appropriate today."
لَا يَصْلُحُ الْيَوْمَ نِكَاحُ الْإِمَاءِ
لِأَنَّهُ يَجِدُ طَوْلًا إِلَى حُرَّةٍ
[Machine] "Only the servant marries the one who cannot find the dowry of a free woman and fears dishonor."
إِنَّمَا يَتَزَوَّجُ الْأَمَةَ مَنْ لَا يَجِدُ مَهْرَ الْحُرَّةِ وَخَشِيَ الْعَنَتَ
[Machine] "And he said, 'Permission is only granted in them if one cannot find a way to submit to the free woman.' And Allah knows best what is correct."
وَقَالَ إِنَّمَا رُخِّصَ فِيهِنَّ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ طَوْلًا لِلْحُرَّةِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ بِالصَّوَابِ