39. Marriage
٣٩۔ كِتَابُ النِّكَاحِ
[Machine] "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'O Bani Bayadah, marry Aba Hind and let her marry you.' He said, 'And he was a barber with a fee of 13,779.' Abu Sa'ad al-Maliniyy narrated to us, Abu Ahmad ibn 'Adi informed me, Ahmad ibn Ali ibn al-Muthanna narrated to me, Ibrahim ibn al-Hajjaj narrated to me, Hammad ibn Salamah mentioned it similarly."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَا بَنِي بَيَاضَةَ أَنْكِحُوا أَبَا هِنْدٍ وَأَنْكِحُوا إِلَيْهِ قَالَ وَكَانَ حَجَّامًا 13779 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ
[Machine] Al-Zuhri told me about this story that they said, "O Messenger of Allah, can we marry our slave girls?" So Allah revealed, "Indeed, We created you from a male and a female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another." [Surah Al-Hujurat 13]
حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ تُزَوِّجُ بَنَاتِنَا مَوَالِيَنَا؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَائِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوا} [الحجرات 13] الْآيَةَ
[Machine] Bint Qais says that her husband divorced her three times and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not grant her a place to stay or provide for her. She said, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me, "If you want, I can give you permission to remarry." So Muawiyah, Abu Jahlm, and Usamah bin Zaid proposed to her. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "As for Muawiyah, he is a poor man who has no wealth. And as for Abu Jahlm, he is a man who beats women. But as for Usamah, she said, extending her hand this way and that, "this is Usamah, this is Usamah." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to her, "Obedience to Allah and obedience to His Messenger is better for you." She said, "So I married him and I was delighted with him."
بِنْتَ قَيْسٍ تَقُولُ إِنَّ زَوْجَهَا طَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا فَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سُكْنَى وَلَا نَفَقَةَ قَالَتْ قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا حَلَلْتِ فَآذِنِينِي فَآذَنَتْهُ فَخَطَبَهَا مُعَاوِيَةُ وَأَبُو جَهْمٍ وَأُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ؓ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَمَّا مُعَاوِيَةُ فَرَجُلٌ تَرِبٌ لَا مَالَ لَهُ وَأَمَّا أَبُو جَهْمٍ فَرَجُلٌ ضَرَّابٌ لِلنِّسَاءِ وَلَكِنْ أُسَامَةُ فَقَالَتْ بِيَدِهَا هَكَذَا أُسَامَةُ أُسَامَةُ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ طَاعَةُ اللهِ وَطَاعَةُ رَسُولِهِ خَيْرٌ لَكِ قَالَتْ فَتَزَوَّجْتُهُ فَاغْتَبَطْتُ بِهِ
[Machine] Several companions of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ proposed marriage to me, so I sent my sister to consult with him on the matter. The Prophet ﷺ asked my sister, "Where is the one who will teach her the Book of her Lord and the Sunnah of her Prophet?" My sister asked, "Who?" He said, "Zaid ibn Harithah." I became angry when she informed me of this and said, "I will marry your cousin instead." Then I went to the Prophet ﷺ and told him what had happened. Allah then revealed the verse, "It is not for a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and His Messenger have decided a matter, that they should [thereafter] have any choice about their affair" (Quran 33:36). I sent a message to him saying, "Marry me to whomever you wish." He married me to Zaid, but I held negative feelings towards him. I complained to the Prophet ﷺ, who told Zaid to keep me as his wife and advised me to fear Allah. However, I continued to complain and eventually Zaid divorced me. When my waiting period ended, I felt that the Prophet ﷺ and I were being watched, as my hair was uncovered. I thought that this matter was a decree from the heavens. I said to the Messenger of Allah, "There was no proposal or witnesses." He replied, "Allah is the matchmaker and Gabriel is the witness." Even though the chain of narration of this hadith may not be strong, it is widely known that Zainab bint Jahsh, who belonged to the Banu Asad bin Khuzaymah tribe and was the niece of the Prophet ﷺ's wife Umm Habiba bint Abi Sufyan, was with Zaid ibn Harithah until he divorced her. Then the Prophet ﷺ married her, as is also mentioned in the hadith about the daughter of your cousin, and the correct opinion is that she is actually the daughter of your aunt.
خَطَبَنِي عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَرْسَلْتُ إِلَيْهِ أُخْتِي أُشَاوِرُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَأَيْنَ هِيَ مِمَّنْ يُعَلِّمُهَا كِتَابَ رَبِّهَا وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّهَا؟ قَالَتْ مَنْ؟ قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ فَغَضِبَتْ وَقَالَتْ تُزَوِّجُ ابْنَةَ عَمِّكَ مَوْلَاكَ ثُمَّ أَتَتْنِي فَأَخْبَرَتْنِي بِذَلِكَ فَقُلْتُ أَشَدَّ مِنْ قَوْلِهَا وَغَضِبْتُ أَشَدَّ مِنْ غَضَبِهَا قَالَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَلَا مُؤْمِنَةٍ إِذَا قَضَى اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمْرًا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ} [الأحزاب 36] قَالَتْ فَأَرْسَلْتُ إِلَيْهِ زَوِّجْنِي مَنْ شِئْتَ قَالَتْ فَزَوَّجَنِي مِنْهُ فَأَخَذْتُهُ بِلِسَانِي فَشَكَانِي إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ وَاتَّقِ اللهَ ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهُ بِلِسَانِي فَشَكَانِي إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَالَ أَنَا أُطَلِّقُهَا فَطَلَّقَنِي فَبَتَّ طَلَاقِي فَلَمَّا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتِي لَمْ أَشْعُرْ إِلَّا وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَنَا مَكْشُوفَةُ الشَّعْرِ فَقُلْتُ هَذَا أَمْرٌ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ وَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ بِلَا خِطْبَةٍ وَلَا شَهَادَةٍ قَالَ اللهُ الْمُزَوِّجُ وَجِبْرِيلُ الشَّاهِدُ وَهَذَا وَإِنْ كَانَ إِسْنَادُهُ لَا تَقُومُ بِمِثْلِهِ حُجَّةٌ فَمَشْهُورٌ أَنَّ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتَ جَحْشٍ وَهِيَ مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدِ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ وَأُمُّهَا أُمَيْمَةُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَمَّةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَتْ عِنْدَ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ حَتَّى طَلَّقَهَا ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِهَا وَكَذَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ ابْنَةُ عَمِّكَ وَالصَّوَابُ ابْنَةُ عَمَّتِكَ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , entered the house of Zubayra bint al-Zubayr ibn Abdul-Muttalib and said to her, "It seems like you want to perform Hajj (pilgrimage)." She replied, "I find myself in a difficult situation." He said to her, "Perform Hajj, but make a condition that my place of stay is where you have confined me." She was staying under the guardianship of Mikdad ibn al-Aswad.
دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى ضُبَاعَةَ بِنْتِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَقَالَ لَهَا كَأَنَّكِ تُرِيدِينَ الْحَجَّ قَالَتْ أَجِدُنِي شَاكِيَةً قَالَ لَهَا حُجِّي وَاشْتَرِطِي أَنَّ مَحِلِّي حَيْثُ حَبَسْتَنِي وَكَانَتْ تَحْتَ الْمِقْدَادِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I married Miqdad and Zayd so that there could be the most noble and best of you in character before Allah. This is a connection that is cut off and before that there was kinship. Miqdad is the son of Amr ibn Tha'labah ibn Malik, the confederate of Aswad, a man from the Banu Zuhrah tribe. He was attributed to them, but he was not from their lineage. He was married to Duba'ah, the daughter of Zubayr ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ زَوَّجْتُ الْمِقْدَادَ وَزَيْدًا لِيَكُونَ أَشْرَفُكُمْ عِنْدَ اللهِ أَحْسَنَكُمْ خُلُقًا هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَفِيمَا قَبْلَهُ كِفَايَةٌ وَالْمِقْدَادُ هُوَ ابْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَالِكٍ حَلِيفُ الْأَسْوَدِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ فَنُسِبَ إِلَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ صُلْبِهِمْ وَقَدْ زُوِّجَتْ مِنْهُ ضُبَاعَةُ بِنْتُ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ
[Machine] Abu Hudhayfah ibn Utbah ibn Rabiah ibn Abd Shams was one of those who witnessed the Battle of Badr with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . He adopted and married the daughter of his brother, Hind bint Al-Walid ibn Utbah. He was a freed slave of a woman from the Ansar, just as the Prophet ﷺ adopted Zaid. The hadith mentioned him at length.
أَبَا حُذَيْفَةَ بْنَ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ تَبَنَّى سَالِمًا وَزَوَّجَهُ ابْنَةَ أَخِيهِ هِنْدَ بِنْتَ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ وَهُوَ مَوْلًى لِامْرَأَةٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ كَمَا تَبَنَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ زَيْدًا وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ
[Machine] I saw the sister of Abdur Rahman ibn Awf beneath Bilal.
رَأَيْتُ أُخْتَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ تَحْتَ بِلَالٍ
[Machine] The Bani Bukair came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "Get our sister married to so-and-so." He asked, "What about Bilal? Where are you in regards to Bilal?" So they went back and asked three times, and then got her married to Bilal. The Bani Bukair were among the emigrants from the Banu Layth. Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Muhammad informed us, who heard from Abu al-Husain al-Fasawi, who heard from Abu Ali al-Lului, who narrated from Abu Dawud, who mentioned it.
أَنَّ بَنِي بُكَيْرٍ أَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالُوا زَوِّجْ أُخْتَنَا مِنْ فُلَانٍ فَقَالَ أَيْنَ أَنْتُمْ عَنْ بِلَالٍ فَعَادُوا فَأَعَادَ ثَلَاثًا فَزَوَّجُوهُ قَالَ وَكَانَ بَنُو بُكَيْرٍ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أنبأ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ الْفَسَوِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ فَذَكَرَهُ
[Machine] He is one of them, so he proposed to a woman from the Arabs, and they said, "If Bilal comes, we will marry you to him." He said, "Bilal has arrived." He said, "I am Bilal ibn Rabah, and this is my brother, and he is a man of bad character and religion. If you want to marry him, then marry him, and if you want to leave him, then leave him." They said, "Whoever is his brother, marry him to him." So, they married him to him.
أَنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ فَخَطَبَ امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْعَرَبِ فَقَالُوا إِنْ حَضَرَ بِلَالٌ زَوَّجْنَاكَ قَالَ فَحَضَرَ بِلَالٌ فَقَالَ أَنَا بِلَالُ بْنُ رَبَاحٍ وَهَذَا أَخِي وَهُوَ امْرُؤُ سُوءٍ سِيِّئُ الْخُلُقِ وَالدِّينِ فَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ أَنْ تُزَوِّجُوهُ فَزَوِّجُوهُ وَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ أَنْ تَدَعُوهُ فَدَعُوهُ فَقَالُوا مَنْ تَكُنْ أَخَاهُ نُزَوِّجْهُ فَزَوَّجُوهُ