39. Marriage
٣٩۔ كِتَابُ النِّكَاحِ
[Machine] "The blessed funeral of the Prophet's ﷺ wife, Maimuna, passed by and Ibn Abbas said, 'This is Maimuna. When you lift her body, do not shake or move it. Be gentle, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had nine wives, with whom he would rotate, except for one.' Ata narrated that the one the Prophet did not rotate with was Safiyya. They mentioned this in Sahih from the narration of Ibn Jurayj. Ata said, 'The one the Prophet did not rotate with was Safiyya.' The connected reports indicate that it was Sawda, as she was gifted to him by Aisha on that day."
ؓ جِنَازَةَ مَيْمُونَةَ ؓ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِسَرِفَ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ هَذِهِ مَيْمُونَةُ ؓ إِذَا رَفَعْتُمْ نَعْشَهَا فَلَا تُزَعْزِعُوا وَلَا تُزَلْزِلُوا ارْفُقُوا؛ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ تِسْعُ نِسْوَةٍ يَقْسِمُ لِثَمَانٍ وَوَاحِدَةٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَقْسِمُ لَهَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ وَالَّتِي لَمْ يَكُنْ يَقْسِمُ لَهَا صَفِيَّةُ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ هَكَذَا يَقُولُ عَطَاءٌ إِنَّ الَّتِيَ لَمْ يَقْسِمْ لَهَا صَفِيَّةُ وَالْأَخْبَارُ الْمَوْصُولَةُ تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهَا سَوْدَةُ حَيْثُ وَهَبَتْ يَوْمَهَا مِنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ
ʿAisha said, "Messenger of Allah ﷺ in his fatal illness, used to ask, 'Where will I be tomorrow? Where will I be tomorrow?", seeking ʿAisha's turn. His wives allowed him to stay wherever he wished. So he stayed at ʿAisha's house till he expired while he was with her." ʿAisha added, "The Prophet ﷺ expired on the day of my turn in my house and he was taken unto Allah while his head was against my chest and his saliva mixed with my saliva." ʿAisha added, "Abdur-Rahman bin Abu Bakr came in, carrying a Siwak he was cleaning his teeth with. Messenger of Allah ﷺ looked at it and I said to him, 'O ʿAbdurRahman! Give me this Siwak.' So he gave it to me and I cut it, chewed it (it's end) and gave it to Messenger of Allah ﷺ who cleaned his teeth with it while he was resting against my chest." (Using translation from Bukhārī 4450)
ﷺ كَانَ يَسْأَلُ فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ أَيْنَ أَنَا غَدًا؟ أَيْنَ أَنَا غَدًا؟ يُرِيدُ يَوْمَ عَائِشَةَ فَأَذِنَ لَهَا أَزْوَاجُهُ يَكُونُ حَيْثُ شَاءَ فَكَانَ فِي بَيْتِ عَائِشَةَ ؓ حَتَّى مَاتَ عِنْدَهَا ﷺ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ؓ فَمَاتَ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي كَانَ يَدُورُ عَلَيَّ فِي بَيْتِي فَقُبِضَ وَأَنَّ رَأْسَهُ لَبَيْنَ سَحْرِي وَنَحْرِي وَخَالَطَ رِيقُهُ رِيقِي قَالَتْ دَخَلَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَمَعَهُ سِوَاكٌ يَسْتَنُّ بِهِ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ أَعْطِنِي هَذَا السِّوَاكَ يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ فَأَعْطَانِيهِ فَقَضِمْتُهُ ثُمَّ مَضَغْتُهُ فَأَعْطَيْتُهُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَاسْتَنَّ بِهِ وَهُوَ مُسْتَنِدٌ إِلَى صَدْرِي ﷺ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ used to ask for our permission on the day when this verse was revealed: "You may defer whichever of them you please and receive to yourself whichever you please." Muadhah asked her, "What did you used to say to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when he asked for permission?" She said, "I used to say, 'If you want to defer that to me, I would not prefer anyone over myself.'"
كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَسْتَأْذِنُنَا فِي يَوْمِ إِحْدَانَا بَعْدَمَا أُنْزِلَتْ {تُرْجِي مَنْ تَشَاءُ مِنْهُنَّ وَتُؤْوِي إِلَيْكَ مَنْ تَشَاءُ} [الأحزاب 51] فَقَالَتْ لَهَا مُعَاذَةُ فَمَا كُنْتِ تَقُولِينَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا اسْتَأْذَنَ؟ قَالَتْ أَقُولُ إِنْ كَانَ ذَاكَ إِلِيَّ لَمْ أُوثِرْ عَلَى نَفْسِي أَحَدًا
[Machine] The wife of the Prophet ﷺ said, "Whenever the Prophet ﷺ intended to go on a journey, he would draw lots between his wives, and the one whose name came out was the one who would go with him."
زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَرَضِيَ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ سَفَرًا أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَ أَزْوَاجِهِ فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ خَرَجَ سَهْمُهَا خَرَجَ بِهَا مَعَهُ
[Machine] I have never seen a woman in her house like Sawda, with such sharpness. When she grew old, she said, "O Messenger of Allah, I am dedicating my day to Aisha." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to divide his time between Aisha and Sawda, two days for Aisha and one day for Sawda.
مَا رَأَيْتُ امْرَأَةً فِي مِسْلَاخِهَا مِثْلَ سَوْدَةَ مِنِ امْرَأَةٍ فِيهَا حِدَّةٌ فَلَمَّا كَبِرَتْ قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ جَعَلْتُ يَوْمِي مِنْكَ لِعَائِشَةَ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَقْسِمُ لِعَائِشَةَ يَوْمَيْنِ يَوْمَهَا وَيَوْمَ سَوْدَةَ
On the authority of his father that 'Aishah said: O my nephew, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not prefer one of us to the other in respect of his division of the time of his staying with us. It was very rare that he did not visit us any day (i.e. he visited all of us every day). He would come near each of his wives without having intercourse with her until he reached the one who had her day and passed his night with her. When Saudah daughter of Zam'ah became old and feared that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would divorce her, she said: Messenger of Allah, I give to 'Aishah the day you visit me. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ accepted it from her. She said: We think that Allah, the Exalted, revealed about this or similar matter the Qur'anic verse: "If a wife fears cruelty or desertion on her husband's part...." [4:128] (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2135)
ؓ يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِي كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَنَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِي الْقَسْمِ مِنْ مُكْثِهِ عِنْدَنَا وَكَانَ قَلَّ يَوْمٌ إِلَّا وَهُوَ يَطُوفُ عَلَيْنَا جَمِيعًا فَيَدْنُو مِنْ كُلِّ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ مَسِيسٍ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الَّذِي هُوَ يَوْمُهَا فَيَبِيتُ عِنْدَهَا وَلَقَدْ قَالَتْ سَوْدَةُ بِنْتُ زَمْعَةَ حِينَ أَسَنَّتْ وَفَرِقَتْ أَنْ يُفَارِقَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ يَوْمِي لِعَائِشَةَ فَقَبِلَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْهَا قَالَ تَقُولُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى وَفِي أَشْبَاهِهَا أَرَاهُ قَالَ {وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا} [النساء 128] الْآيَةَ
[Machine] Allah divorced Souda, so when he went out to pray, she held onto his clothing and said, "What do I have to do with men and their needs? But I want to be included in your wives." He then returned her and made her day for Aisha. And he used to divide his time between her and Souda. Imam Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said that the daughter of Muhammad bin Muslimah did something similar to this when her husband wanted to divorce her.
اللهِ ﷺ طَلَّقَ سَوْدَةَ فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ أَمْسَكَتْ بِثَوْبِهِ فَقَالَتْ مَالِي فِي الرِّجَالِ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ وَلَكِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُحْشَرَ فِي أَزْوَاجِكَ قَالَ فَرَجَعَهَا وَجَعَلَ يَوْمَهَا لِعَائِشَةَ ؓ وَكَانَ يَقْسِمُ لَهَا بِيَوْمِهَا وَيَوْمِ سَوْدَةَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَقَدْ فَعَلَتِ ابْنَةُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ شَبِيهًا بِهَذَا حِينَ أَرَادَ زَوْجُهَا طَلَاقَهَا
[Machine] "Do not divorce me and hold me back, and swear to me whatever you wish, and we will make a fair agreement. Thus was the Sunnah established and the Quran was revealed: 'And if a woman fears from her husband contempt or evasion.' [Surah An-Nisa 128]"
لَا تُطَلِّقْنِي وَأَمْسِكْنِي وَاقْسِمْ لِي مَا شِئْتَ فَاصْطَلَحَا عَلَى صُلْحٍ فَجَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ بِذَلِكَ وَنَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ {وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا} [النساء 128]
Umm Salamah reported Umm Habibah said “Are you interested in my sister, Apostle of Allaah ﷺ?” He said “What should I do?” She said “You marry her” He said “Your sister?” She said “Yes”. He said “Do you like that?” she said “I am not alone with you of those who share me in this good, my sister is most to my liking. He said “She is not lawful for me.” She said “By Allaah, I was told that you were going to betroth with you Darrah to Durrah , the narrator Zuhair doubted the daughter of Abu Salamah. He said “The daughter of Umm Salamah? She said “Yes”. He said “(She is my step daughter). Even if she had not been my step daughter under my protection, she would not have been lawful for me. She is my foster niece (daughter of my brother by fosterage). Thuwaibah suckled me as well as his father (Abu Salamah). So do not present to me your daughters and your sisters. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2056)
يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ هَلْ لَكَ فِي أُخْتِي بِنْتِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَاعِلٌ مَاذَا؟ قَالَتْ تَنْكِحُهَا قَالَ أُخْتُكِ؟ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ قَالَ أَوَتُحِبِّينَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ لَسْتُ لَكَ بِمُخْلِيَةٍ وَأَحَبُّ مَنْ شَرِكَنِي فِي خَيْرٍ أُخْتِي قَالَ فَإِنَّهَا لَا تَحِلُّ لِي قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ فَوَاللهِ لَقَدْ أُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّكَ تَخْطُبُ ابْنَةَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ قَالَ ابْنَةُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ؟ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَوَاللهِ لَوْ لَمْ تَكُنْ رَبِيبَتِي فِي حِجْرِي مَا حَلَّتْ لِي؛ إِنَّهَا لَابْنَةُ أَخِي مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ أَرْضَعَتْنِي وَأَبَاهَا ثُوَيْبَةُ فَلَا تَعْرِضْنَ عَلَيَّ بَنَاتِكُنَّ وَلَا أَخَوَاتِكُنَّ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ وَالزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ
O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, why do you choose to get married from among Quraysh and you ignore us? He said: ʿHave you anybody to suggest?ʿ I said: Yes, the daughter of Hamzah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿShe is not permissible for me (to marry), for she is the daughter of my brother through breastfeeding.ʿ (Using translation from Aḥmad 620)
قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا لَكَ تَتُوقُ فِي قُرَيْشٍ وَتَدَعُنَا قَالَ وَعِنْدَكُمْ شَيْءٌ؟ قَالَ قُلْنَا نَعَمِ ابْنَةُ حَمْزَةَ قَالَ فَقَالَ فَإِنَّهَا لَا تَحِلُّ لِي هِيَ ابْنَةُ أَخِي مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ