39. Marriage

٣٩۔ كِتَابُ النِّكَاحِ

39.136 [Machine] The Marriage Contract in Islamic Jurisprudence Imam Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, said to His Prophet ﷺ : "So when Zaid had no longer any need for her, We married her to you" (Quran 33:37). And He said: "And a believing woman if she gives herself to the Prophet [and] if the Prophet wishes to marry her, [this is] only for you, excluding the [other] believers" (Quran 33:50), in addition to other mentioned verses. Imam Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Allah named marriage with two names, marriage (nikah) and union (tazwij), and clarified that the gift is exclusively for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , excluding the believers.

٣٩۔١٣٦ بَابُ الْكَلَامِ الَّذِي يَنْعَقِدُ بِهِ النِّكَاحُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ: {فَلَمَّا قَضَى زَيْدٌ مِنْهَا وَطَرًا زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا} [الأحزاب: 37]، وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: {وَامْرَأَةً مُؤْمِنَةً إِنْ وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ إِنْ أَرَادَ النَّبِيُّ أَنْ يَسْتَنْكِحَهَا خَالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ} [الأحزاب: 50] مَعَ آيَاتٍ سِوَاهُمَا ذَكَرَهَا، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: سَمَّى اللهُ النِّكَاحَ اسْمَيْنِ النِّكَاحَ، وَالتَّزْوِيجَ وَأَبَانَ أَنَّ الْهِبَةَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ دُونَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ

bayhaqi:13818Abū ʿAlī al-Rūdhbārī > Abū Bakr b. Dāsah > Abū Dāwud > al-Qaʿnabī > Mālik > Abū Ḥāzim b. Dīnār > Sahl b. Saʿd al-Sāʿidī > Rasūl Allāh ﷺ Jāʾath Āmraʾah > Yā Rasūl Allāh Innī Qad And Habt

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was approached by a woman who said, "Oh Messenger of Allah, I have given myself to you." So she stood up for a long time. Then a man stood up and said, "Oh Messenger of Allah, marry her to me if you have no need for her." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked him, "Do you have something to give her as a mahr (bridal gift)?" He replied, "I have nothing except for my waist wrapper (izār)." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If you marry her, you will sit without a waist wrapper, so find something." He said, "I cannot find anything." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Find something, even if it is a ring made of iron." He searched but did not find anything. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked him, "Do you have anything from the Qur'an?" He replied, "Yes, I have such and such surah and such and such for recitation." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said, "I have married her to you with what you have from the Qur'an."  

البيهقي:١٣٨١٨أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ثنا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ ؓ

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ جَاءَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي قَدْ وَهَبْتُ نَفْسِي لَكَ فَقَامَتْ قِيَامًا طَوِيلًا فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ زَوِّجْنِيهَا إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكَ بِهَا حَاجَةٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ هَلْ عِنْدَكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ تُصْدِقُهَا إِيَّاهُ؟ فَقَالَ مَا عِنْدِي إِلَّا إِزَارِي هَذَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّكَ إِنْ أَعْطَيْتَهَا إِزَارَكَ جَلَسْتَ لَا إِزَارَ لَكَ فَالْتَمِسْ شَيْئًا قَالَ لَا أَجِدُ شَيْئًا قَالَ فَالْتَمِسْ وَلَوْ خَاتَمًا مِنْ حَدِيدٍ فَالْتَمَسَ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ شَيْئًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ هَلْ مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ شَيْءٌ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ سُورَةُ كَذَا وَسُورَةُ كَذَا لِسُوَرٍ سَمَّاهَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ زَوَّجْتُكَهَا بِمَا مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ  

رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ زَائِدَةُ بْنُ قُدَامَةَ وَفُضَيْلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُمْ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَدْ زَوَّجْتُكَهَا وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُ قَدْ أَنْكَحْتُكَهَا عَلَى مَا مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ قَدْ زَوَّجْتُكَهَا بِمَا مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ
bayhaqi:13819Abū ʿAmr al-Adīb > Abū Bakr al-Ismāʿīlī > Abū Aḥmad b. Ziyād > Ibn Abū ʿUmar > Sufyān > Abū Ḥāzim b. Dīnār > Sahl b. Saʿd

[Machine] "I was with the people in the presence of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he mentioned this story but did not mention the izār. So a man stood up and said, 'Marry her to me.' And he said at the end, 'I have married her to you with what you have of the Qur'an.' They reported it in the Sahih from the narration of Sufyan bin Uyaynah."  

البيهقي:١٣٨١٩أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ زِيَادٍ ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ ثنا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ

كُنْتُ مَعَ الْقَوْمِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْإِزَارَ قَالَ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ أَنْكِحْنِيهَا وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ فَقَالَ قَدْ أَنْكَحْتُكَهَا بِمَا مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ  

bayhaqi:13820Abū al-Ḥusayn b. Bishrān > Abū Jaʿfar al-Razzāz > Saʿdān b. Naṣr > Sufyān b. ʿUyaynah > Abū Ḥāzim > Sahl b. Saʿd

[Machine] Sa'd ibn Sa'd heard Sahla narrate that she was with the Prophet ﷺ when a woman stood up and mentioned something. Then, a man from the people stood up and said, "O Messenger of Allah, marry her to me." In the end, the Prophet ﷺ told him to go, as he had already married her according to what he had of the Qur'an with him.  

البيهقي:١٣٨٢٠وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ ثنا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ ثنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ

سَمِعَ سَهْلَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ يَقُولُ كُنْتُ فِي الْقَوْمِ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَامَتِ امْرَأَةٌ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ وَقَالَ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ زَوِّجْنِيهَا وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ اذْهَبْ فَقَدْ زَوَّجْتُكَهَا عَلَى مَا مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ  

bayhaqi:13821Abū ʿAmr al-Bisṭāmī al-Adīb > Abū Bakr al-Ismāʿīlī > al-Ḥasan b. Sufyān > Qutaybah b. Saʿīd > Yaʿqūb b. ʿAbd al-Raḥman > Abū Ḥāzim > Sahl b. Saʿd

[Machine] "A woman came to the Prophet ﷺ and mentioned a matter to him. At that, a man from the Prophet's companions stood up and said, 'O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, if you have no need for her, then marry her to me.' And he said towards the end, 'So go, for I have given her to you with what you have of the Quran with you.'"  

البيهقي:١٣٨٢١أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْبِسْطَامِيُّ الْأَدِيبُ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ

أَنَّ امْرَأَةً جَاءَتْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ وَفِيهِ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَيْ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكَ بِهَا حَاجَةٌ فَزَوِّجْنِيهَا وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ قَالَ فَاذْهَبْ قَدْ مُلِّكْتَهَا بِمَا مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ  

رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ دُونَ سِيَاقِهِ تَمَامَ الْمَتْنِ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ اذْهَبْ فَقَدْ مَلَّكْتُكَهَا بِمَا مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ ثُمَّ قَالَ هَذَا حَدِيثُ ابْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ
bayhaqi:13822Abū ʿAbdullāh al-Ḥāfiẓ > Abū al-Faḍl b. Ibrāhīm > Aḥmad b. Salamah > Qutaybah b. Saʿīd > Yaʿqūb b. ʿAbd al-Raḥman And ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Abū Ḥāzim > Abū Ḥāzim > Sahl b. Saʿd Fadhakar al-Ḥadīth > Fīh Ādhhab Faqad Mallaktukahā Bimā Maʿak from al-Qurān Rawāh al-Bukhārī > al-Qaʿnabī > Ibn Abū Ḥāzim

[Machine] "And He said concerning it, 'Go, for I have given it to you through what you have from the Quran.'"  

البيهقي:١٣٨٢٢أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ

وَقَالَ فِيهِ اذْهَبْ فَقَدْ مَلَّكْتُكَهَا بِمَا مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ  

رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ اذْهَبْ فَقَدْ مَلَّكْتُكَهَا وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَنْ عَارِمٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ وَرَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ كَمَا
bayhaqi:13823[Chain 1] Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Muqriʾ > al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad b. Isḥāq > Yūsuf b. Yaʿqūb > Abū al-Rabīʿ > Ḥammād b. Zayd [Chain 2] Abū ʿAmr al-Adīb > Abū Bakr al-Ismāʿīlī > Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Yaḥyá b. Sulaymān al-Marwazī > Khalaf b. Hishām > Ḥammād > Abū Ḥāzim > Sahl b. Saʿd

[Machine] A woman came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "Indeed, a woman has donated herself to Allah and His Messenger." He said, "I have no need for women today." A man from the weak Muslims said, "O Messenger of Allah, marry her to me." He said, "What do you have?" He said, "I have nothing." The Prophet said, "Give her a garment." He said, "I do not find one." He said, "Give her even a ring made of iron." He said, "I do not find one." He said, "Do you have anything from the Quran?" He said, "Yes, this and that." The Prophet said, "Then I have married her to you with what you have from the Quran." This hadith was narrated by Khalaf, and in the narration of Abu Ar-Rabi', it was said, "We have married her to you." This was narrated by Al-Bukhari from Ibn Abi Maryam from Abu Ghasan from Abu Hazim from Sahl. He said in the hadith, the Prophet ﷺ said, "I have married her to you with what you have from the Quran." The narration of Al-Hussain bin Muhammad from Abu Ghasan from Muhammad bin Matarif said in the hadith, "I have married her to you with what you have from the Quran." The majority have narrated it with the wording of marriage, except for the rare narration of Shadd. The group is more reliable in preserving than the individual. And Allah knows best. And some of our companions have used evidence in this from what we have narrated in the Book of Hajj, in the established hadith from Jafar bin Muhammad from his father from Jabir bin Abdullah from the Prophet ﷺ in the story of the Farewell Pilgrimage. He said, "Fear Allah in regards to women, for indeed you have taken them under the trust of Allah and you have made lawful their private parts with the word of Allah." Our companions said that the word of Allah refers to marriage and the act of marrying, which are mentioned in the Quran. And Allah knows best.  

البيهقي:١٣٨٢٣أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ ثنا خَلَفُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ ثنا حَمَّادٌ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ

أَنَّ امْرَأَةً أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ امْرَأَةً وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ فَقَالَ مَا لِي فِي النِّسَاءِ حَاجَةٌ الْيَوْمَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ ضُعَفَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ زَوِّجْنِيهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَقَالَ مَاذَا عِنْدَكَ؟ قَالَ مَا عِنْدِي شَيْءٌ قَالَ أَعْطِهَا ثَوْبًا قَالَ مَا أَجِدُ قَالَ أَعْطِهَا وَلَوْ خَاتَمًا مِنْ حَدِيدٍ قَالَ مَا أَجِدُ قَالَ مَا عِنْدَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ؟ قَالَ كَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ فَقَدْ زَوَّجْتُكَهَا بِمَا عِنْدَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ هَذَا حَدِيثُ خَلَفٍ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ فَقَدْ زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ عَنْ أَبِي غَسَّانَ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ سَهْلٍ قَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَمْلَكْتُكَهَا بِمَا مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ وَرَوَاهُ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي غَسَّانَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُطَرِّفٍ فَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ زَوَّجْتُكَهَا بِمَا مَعَكَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ فَرِوَايَةُ الْجُمْهُورِ عَلَى لَفْظِ التَّزْوِيجِ إِلَّا رِوَايَةَ الشَّاذِّ مِنْهَا وَالْجَمَاعَةُ أَوْلَى بِالْحِفْظِ مِنَ الْوَاحِدِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَاسْتَدَلَّ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَا رَوَيْنَا فِي كِتَابِ الْحَجِّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قِصَّةِ حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ قَالَ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ فِي النِّسَاءِ فَإِنَّكُمْ أَخَذْتُمُوهُنَّ بِأَمَانَةِ اللهِ وَاسْتَحْلَلْتُمْ فُرُوجَهُنَّ بِكَلِمَةِ اللهِ قَالَ أَصْحَابُنَا وَهِيَ كَلِمَةُ النِّكَاحِ وَالتَّزْوِيجِ اللَّذَيْنِ وَرَدَ بِهِمَا الْقُرْآنُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ