[Machine] I had a sister who was engaged to me, and I used to prevent people from approaching her. Then, my cousin came to propose to her, and I married her to him. They lived together for as long as Allah had willed, but then he divorced her with a divorce that allowed him to take her back. He left her until her waiting period ended. When she was proposed to me, you came to me with the proposal, and I said, "I prevented people from approaching her and chose you over them." But then you divorced her with a divorce that allowed you to take her back. You left her until her waiting period ended. When she was proposed to me again, you came to me with the proposal, and I said, "I will never marry you." Allah the Exalted then revealed the verse, "And when you divorce women and they have completed their term, do not prevent them from remarrying their [former] husbands" [Quran 2:232]. So, I absolved myself from my oath and married her to you.

This is the wording of the narration about the marriage contract: "Ibn Majah reported to us from Abu 'Ali Ar-Ruwdbari, who reported from Abu Bakr ibn Dasa, who reported from Abu Dawud, who reported from Muhammad ibn Al-Muthanna, who reported from Abu 'Amir, who mentioned it briefly, except that he said: 'I swear by Allah, I will never marry her.'" Al-Bukhari also reported this narration in his Sahih from 'Ubaydullah bin Sa'id, from Abu 'Amir Al-'Uqdi. Ash-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, mentioned this hadith and said: "And this is the clearest statement in the Quran that the guardian has a right over the woman and that the guardian should not prevent her if she is pleased to marry with proper conditions." He also said: "The Sunnah has mentioned something similar to the meaning of Allah's Book."  

كَانَتْ لِي أُخْتٌ فَخُطِبَتْ إِلِيَّ فَكُنْتُ أَمْنَعُهَا النَّاسَ فَأَتَانِي ابْنُ عَمٍّ لِي فَخَطَبَهَا فَأَنْكَحْتُهَا إِيَّاهُ فَاصْطَحَبَا مَا شَاءَ اللهُ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا طَلَاقًا يَمْلِكُ الرَّجْعَةَ ثُمَّ تَرَكَهَا حَتَّى انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا فَلَمَّا خُطِبَتْ إِلِيَّ أَتَانِي فَخَطَبَهَا مَعَ الْخُطَّابِ فَقُلْتُ مَنَعْتُهَا النَّاسَ وَآثَرْتُكَ بِهَا ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتَهَا طَلَاقًا لَهُ رَجْعَةٌ ثُمَّ تَرَكْتَهَا حَتَّى انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا فَلَمَّا خُطِبَتْ إِلِيَّ أَتَيْتَنِي مَعَ الْخُطَّابِ لَا أُزَوِّجُكَ أَبَدًا فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى {وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ} [البقرة 232] فَكَفَّرْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِي فَأَنْكَحْتُهَا إِيَّاهُ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْعَقَدِيِّ 13597 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَامِرٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ مُخْتَصَرًا إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ وَاللهِ لَا أُنْكِحُهَا أَبَدًا قَالَ فَفِيَّ نُزُولُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيِّ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَهَذَا أَبْيَنُ مَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ مِنْ أَنَّ لِلْوَلِيِّ مَعَ الْمَرْأَةِ فِي نَفْسِهَا حَقًّا وَأَنَّ عَلَى الْوَلِيِّ أَنْ لَا يَعْضِلَهَا إِذَا رَضِيَتْ أَنْ تُنْكَحَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ قَالَ وَجَاءَتِ السُّنَّةُ بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَى كِتَابِ اللهِ تَعَالَى  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "A woman should not be married without the permission of her guardian (wali). If she is married without her guardian's permission, then her marriage is invalid. If this invalid marriage happens three times, then she is entitled to the dowry (mahr) equal to what she had received from the previous marriages. If they argue about it, then the ruler is the guardian for the one who has no guardian."  

ؓ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَا تُنْكَحُ امْرَأَةٌ بِغَيْرِ أَمْرِ وَلِيِّهَا فَإِنْ نَكَحَتْ فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَإِنْ أَصَابَهَا فَلَهَا مَهْرُ مِثْلِهَا بِمَا أَصَابَ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اشْتَجَرُوا فَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لَا وَلِيَّ لَهُ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whichever woman marries without the permission of her guardian, her marriage is invalid, her marriage is invalid, her marriage is invalid. She is entitled to her dowry for what she has given of herself. If they dispute, then the ruler is the guardian of the one who has no guardian." This Hadith was narrated by Hujjaj, and Abdul-Razzaq narrated in a different version: "Whichever woman marries without the permission of her guardian, her marriage is invalid, her marriage is invalid, her marriage is invalid. She is entitled to her dowry for what she has given of herself, and then the rest is similar." Ahmad Ibn Saleh narrated it from Abdul-Razzaq: "Whichever woman marries without the permission of her guardian, and likewise."  

النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نَكَحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهَا فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ نِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ وَلَهَا مَهْرُهَا بِمَا أَصَابَ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اشْتَجَرُوا فَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لَا وَلِيَّ لَهُ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ حَجَّاجٍ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ بِغَيْرِ إِذَنْ مَوَالِيهَا فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ وَلَهَا الْمَهْرُ بِمَا أَصَابَهَا ثُمَّ الْبَاقِي مِثْلُهُ وَرَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نَكَحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهَا وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] Indeed, the Prophet ﷺ said, "Any woman who marries without the permission of her guardian, her marriage is invalid." The term "guardian" here refers to the walī (the legal guardian of the woman). Allah, exalted is He, said, "On the Day when no guardian can avail another in any way" (Quran 44:41). It was specifically narrated about the son of al-'Amma, specifically in his lineage and not the rest of his family. Abu 'Abdullah al-Hafiz informed us, narrating from Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ya'qub, who narrated from Abu Bakr ibn Rajaa, who narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Musaffa, who narrated from baqiya, who narrated from Shu'ayb ibn Abi Hamzah, who said, "Al-Zuhri told me that Makhul would come to us, and Solomon ibn Musa would swear by Allah that he would preserve the two men.' Abu 'Abdullah al-Hafiz and Abu 'Abdullah al-Rahman al-Sulami and Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Ashnani informed us, and they said, "Abu al-Hassan Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abdos related to us, saying, 'I heard 'Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Darimi say, 'I asked Yahya ibn Ma'in about Solomon ibn Musa's attitude towards Al-Zuhri, and he said, "He is reliable." Abu 'Abdullah al-Hafiz related to us that al-Husayn ibn al-Hasan ibn Ayyub al-Tusi informed him, narrating from Abu Hatim Muhammad ibn Idris al-Razi, who said, "I heard Ahmad ibn Hanbal say, and it was mentioned to him that Ibn 'Ulayyah mentioned the hadeeth of Ibn Juraij about marriage not being valid except with a guardian. Ibn Juraij said, 'So I met al-Zuhri and asked him about it, and he did not know it and praised Solomon ibn Musa.' Ahmad ibn Hanbal said, 'Indeed, Juraij has written books, and this is not in his books, meaning the narration of Ibn 'Ulayyah about Ibn Juraij.' Abu 'Abdullah al-Hafiz informed us, narrating from Abu al-'Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qub, who said, 'I heard al-'Abbas ibn Muhammad say, "I heard Yahya ibn Ma'in say, 'Regarding the hadeeth that marriage is not valid except with a guardian, which Ibn Juraij narrated, Ibn 'Ulayyah said, 'I have no knowledge of it.' Yahya ibn Ma'in said, 'Only Ibn 'Ulayyah says this, and indeed, Ibn 'Ulayyah heard it from Ibn Juraij, a hearing that is not with certainty.' However, Yahya ibn Ma'in weakened the narration of Isma'il from Ibn Juraij.'" Abu Sa'd al-Malini informed us, narrating from Abu Ahmad ibn 'Adi al-Hafiz, who said, "I heard Ahmad ibn Hanbal say when he was asked about al-Zuhri's narration about marriage without a guardian, 'Rawh al-Kirabis al-Zuhri has forgotten this, and he presented a narration that he heard from 'Amr ibn Dinar about washing the armpits that contains a mistake in it.' The Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said, 'This is also narrated from two other sources in a different manner from al-Zuhri, but relying on Solomon ibn Musa's narration.'"  

أَنَّ الْمَوْلَى كُلُّ وَلِيٍّ فِي حَدِيثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نَكَحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوْلَاهَا فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ أَرَادَ بِالْمَوْلَى الْوَلِيَّ وَقَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى {يَوْمَ لَا يُغْنِي مَوْلًى عَنْ مَوْلًى شَيْئًا} [الدخان 41] أَفَتَرَى إِنَّمَا عُنِيَ ابْنُ الْعَمِّ خَاصَّةً دُونَ سَائِرِ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ 13601 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ رَجَاءٍ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُصَفَّى ثنا بَقِيَّةُ ثنا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ قَالَ قَالَ لِيَ الزُّهْرِيُّ إِنَّ مَكْحُولًا يَأْتِينَا وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ مُوسَى وَايْمُ اللهِ إِنَّ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ مُوسَى لَأَحْفَظُ الرَّجُلَيْنِ 13602 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْأُشْنَانِيُّ قَالُوا أَنْبَأَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيَّ يَقُولُ قُلْتُ لِيَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ فَمَا حَالُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى فِي الزُّهْرِيِّ فَقَالَ ثِقَةٌ 13603 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَنْبَأَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الطُّوسِيُّ ثنا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الرَّازِيُّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ يَقُولُ وَذُكِرَ عِنْدَهُ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُلَيَّةَ يَذْكُرُ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ فَلَقِيتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْهُ فَلَمْ يَعْرِفْهُ وَأَثْنَى عَلَى سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى فَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ إِنَّ جُرَيْجًا لَهُ كُتُبٌ مُدَوَّنَةٌ وَلَيْسَ هَذَا فِي كُتُبِهِ يَعْنِي حِكَايَةَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ 13604 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ يَقُولُ فِي حَدِيثِ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ الَّذِي يَرْوِيهِ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قُلْتُ لَهُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ يَقُولُ قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْهُ الزُّهْرِيَّ فَقَالَ لَسْتُ أَحْفَظُهُ فَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ لَيْسَ يَقُولُ هَذَا إِلَّا ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ وَإِنَّمَا عَرَضَ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ كُتُبَ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَلَى عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ فَأَصْلَحَهَا فَقُلْتُ لِيَحْيَى مَا كُنْتُ أَظُنُّ أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمَجِيدِ هَكَذَا فَقَالَ كَانَ أَعْلَمَ النَّاسِ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ وَلَكِنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْذُلْ نَفْسَهُ لِلْحَدِيثِ 13605 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ هَارُونَ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ جَعْفَرَ الطَّيَالِسِيَّ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ يُوهِنُ رِوَايَةَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ أَنَّهُ أَنْكَرَ مَعْرِفَةَ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى وَقَالَ لَمْ يَذْكُرْهُ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ غَيْرُ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ وَإِنَّمَا سَمِعَ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ مِنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ سَمَاعًا لَيْسَ بِذَاكَ إِنَّمَا صَحَّحَ كُتُبَهُ عَلَى كُتُبِ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ وَضَعَّفَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ رِوَايَةَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ جِدًّا 13606 وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ أَنْبَأَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَفْصٍ السَّعْدِيَّ يَقُولُ سُئِلَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ يَعْنِي وَهُوَ حَاضِرٌ عَنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي النِّكَاحِ بِلَا وَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ رَوْحٌ الْكَرَابِيسِيُّ الزُّهْرِيُّ قَدْ نَسِيَ هَذَا وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثٍ سَمِعَهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ مِنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ثُمَّ لَقِيَ الزُّهْرِيَّ فَقَالَ لَا أَعْلَمُهُ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ فَقَالَ حَدَّثَنِي بِهِ فِي مَسِّ الْإِبْطِ أَنَّ فِيهِ وُضُوءًا قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ آخَرَيْنِ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَإِنْ كَانَ الِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَى رِوَايَةِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "There is no valid marriage except with the presence of a guardian (wali). If there is no guardian, then seek the intervention of the ruler (sultan). The ruler is the guardian of the one who has no guardian." Al-Qa'nabi narrated it from Ibn Lahi'ah, with the wording of the Hadith of Sulaiman bin Musa.  

النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلِيٌّ فَاشْتَجَرُوا فَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لَا وَلِيَّ لَهُ وَرَوَاهُ الْقَعْنَبِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ عَلَى لَفْظِ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no marriage without a guardian and the ruler is the guardian for those who have no guardian."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لَا وَلِيَّ لَهُ  

[Machine] There is no marriage without a guardian, as mentioned in the hadith of Az-Zuhri and the Sultan is the guardian for one who has no guardian. As for the narration attributed to Yahya ibn Ma'in, in which he denied the hadith "There is no marriage without a guardian," he did not deny the narration of Sulaiman ibn Musa. Rather, he denied a narration from Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz in the history of Yahya ibn Ma'in, who narrated from Abu Al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qub, who said: "I heard Al-Abbas ibn Muhammad Al-Douri saying, 'It was said to Yahya ibn Ma'in about the hadith of Aisha, 'There is no marriage without a guardian,' and Yahya said, 'Nothing is correct in this matter except the narration of Sulaiman ibn Musa. As for the narration of Hisham ibn Sa'd, they differ in it, and it was narrated by Al-Khayyat, meaning Hammad Al-Khayyat, and Ibn Mahdi, some of them accept it and some of them do not. He said, 'And I heard Yahya saying, Munzil narrated from Hisham ibn Urwah, from his father, from Aisha, that the Prophet ﷺ said, 'There is no marriage without a guardian.' And Yahya said, 'This hadith is not significant.' Yahya ibn Ma'in only denied what was clarified in the narration of Al-Douri from him. He made an exception for the narration of Sulaiman ibn Musa and ruled its authenticity. He also denied the story of Ibn 'Ulayyah from Ibn Jurayj in his narration, as well as in the narration of Ja'far Al-Tayalisi from him, as previously mentioned. He also considered Sulaiman ibn Musa reliable in the narration of Al-Dhahabi from him. Therefore, the narration of Sulaiman ibn Musa is authentic, and all other narrations from Aisha, if anything from them is proven, serve as supporting evidence. And with Allah is the guidance.  

لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَفِي حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لَا وَلِيَّ لَهُ وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ أَنَّهُ أَنْكَرَ حَدِيثَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُنْكِرُ رِوَايَةَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى إِنَّمَا أَنْكَرَ مَا 13610 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ فِي تَارِيخِ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيَّ يَقُولُ قِيلَ لِيَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ فِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ ؓ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ يَحْيَى لَيْسَ يَصِحُّ فِي هَذَا الشَّيْءِ إِلَّا حَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى فَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ فَهُمْ يَخْتَلِفُونَ فِيهِ وَحَدَّثَ بِهِ الْخَيَّاطُ يَعْنِي حَمَّادًا الْخَيَّاطَ وَابْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ بَعْضُهُمْ يَرْفَعُهُ وَبَعْضُهُمْ لَا يَرْفَعُهُ قَالَ وَسَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى يَقُولُ رَوَى مِنْدَلٌ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ قَالَ يَحْيَى وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ فَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ إِنَّمَا أَنْكَرَ مَا بَيَّنَهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ الدُّورِيِّ عَنْهُ وَاسْتَثْنَى حَدِيثَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى وَحَكَمَ لَهُ بِالصِّحَّةِ وَأَنْكَرَ حِكَايَةَ بْنَ عُلَيَّةَ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ ثُمَّ فِي رِوَايَةِ جَعْفَرٍ الطَّيَالِسِيِّ عَنْهُ كَمَا مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ وَوَثَّقَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ مُوسَى فِي رِوَايَةِ الدَّارِمِيِّ عَنْهُ فَحَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى صَحِيحٌ وَسَائِرُ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ إِنْ ثَبَتَ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ لِحَدِيثِهِ شَاهِدٌ وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no marriage without a guardian."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ هَكَذَا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no marriage except with a guardian." Mu'alla said, "Then Abu 'Awana said after that, I did not hear it from Abu Ishaq, between me and him is Israel." The Sheikh said, "And it has been narrated from Zuhayr bin Muawiyah and Sharik bin Abdullah and others from Abu Ishaq, conveying the same thing."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ قَالَ مُعَلَّى ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ أَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ إِسْرَائِيلُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَشَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَغَيْرِهِمَا عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ كَذَلِكَ مَوْصُولًا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no marriage except with the presence of a guardian and likewise."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَكَذَلِكَ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: There is no marriage without the permission of a guardian. Abu Dawud said: The narrator Yunus also transmitted on the authority of Abu Burdah, and Isra'il narrated from Abu Ishaq on the authority of Abu Burdah. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2085)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no marriage except with a guardian." And in another narration, "Shababa narrated from Abu Burdah from Abu Musa." 13616 Abu Abdur Rahman As-Salami narrated to us, Abu Hassan Muhammad ibn Mahmoud Al-Marwazi narrated to us, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Hafiz narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Al-Muthanna said, "I heard Abdul Rahman ibn Mahdi saying, 'Israel affirmed the hadith of Abu Ishaq, just as a man memorizes a surah from the Quran.'" 13617 Abu Saad Al-Malini narrated to us, Abu Ahmad ibn Adi Al-Hafiz said, "I heard Zakariya As-Saji saying, 'I heard Al-Abbas ibn Abdul Azim saying, 'Ali ibn Abdullah said, 'I heard Abdul Rahman ibn Mahdi saying, 'Israel affirmed more than Shu'bah and Ath-Thawri in the hadith of Abu Ishaq.'" 13618 Abu Ahmad narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Muhammad An-Nafth narrated to us, Abdul Rahman ibn Khalid narrated to us, Hajjaj said, "We said to Shu'bah, 'Narrate to us the hadith of Abu Ishaq.' He said, 'Ask Israel, for he affirmed it more than me.'" 13619 Muhammad ibn Abdullah Al-Hafiz, Abu Abdullah Ar-Razi, and Abu Bakr Al-Ushnani said, Abu Al-Hassan At-Tarayfi narrated to us, "I heard Uthman ibn Saeed Ad-Darimi saying, 'I asked Yahya ibn Ma'een, 'Who do you love more, Abu Ishaq or Israel?' He said, 'I love Abu Ishaq more, as he is older, and Israel is truthful.' I said, 'What about Yunus ibn Abi Ishaq, do you love him more or Israel?' He said, 'They are all trustworthy.'" 13621 Muhammad ibn Abdullah Al-Hafiz narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Saleh ibn Hani narrated to me, Muhammad ibn Al-Mundhir ibn Saeed narrated to me, Is'haq ibn Ibrahim ibn Jabalah said, "I heard Ali ibn Al-Madini saying, 'The hadith of Israel is authentic regarding there being no marriage except with a guardian.'"  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ شَبَابَةُ عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى 13616 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ أَنْبَأَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ مَهْدِيٍّ يُثْبِتُ إِسْرَائِيلَ فِي أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ كَانَ يَجِيءُ بِهَا تَامَّةً وَمَا فَاتَنِي مَا فَاتَنِي مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ إِلَّا أَنِّي كُنْتُ أَتَّكِلُ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ قِبَلِ إِسْرَائِيلَ 13617 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ أَنْبَأَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ زَكَرِيَّا السَّاجِيَّ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ يَقُولُ ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ مَهْدِيٍّ يَقُولُ قَالَ عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ إِسْرَائِيلُ يَحْفَظُ حَدِيثَ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ كَمَا يَحْفَظُ الرَّجُلُ السُّورَةَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ 13618 قَالَ وَأَنْبَأَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ مَهْدِيٍّ يَقُولُ إِسْرَائِيلُ فِي أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ أَثْبَتُ مِنْ شُعْبَةَ وَالثَّوْرِيِّ يَعْنِي فِي أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ 13619 قَالَ وَأَنْبَأَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّفَّاحُ ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ خَالِدٍ ثنا حَجَّاجٌ قَالَ قُلْنَا لِشُعْبَةَ حَدِّثْنَا حَدِيثَ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ سَلُوا عَنْهَا إِسْرَائِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ أَثْبَتُ فِيهَا مِنِّي 13620 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْأُشْنَانِيُّ قَالُوا ثنا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيَّ يَقُولُ قُلْتُ لِيَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ شَرِيكٌ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ فِي أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ أَوْ إِسْرَائِيلُ؟ قَالَ شَرِيكٌ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ وَهُوَ أَقْدَمُ وَإِسْرَائِيلُ صَدُوقٌ قُلْتُ يُونُسُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ أَوْ إِسْرَائِيلُ؟ قَالَ كُلٌّ ثِقَةٌ 13621 أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْمَدِينِيِّ يَقُولُ حَدِيثُ إِسْرَائِيلَ صَحِيحٌ فِي لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ  

[Machine] From the Prophet ﷺ, he said, "There is no marriage without a guardian." Al-Ziyada said, "The extra (narrator) from Al-Thiqa is accepted", and Israel ibn Yunus is trustworthy. Even if Shu'ba and Al-Thawri sent him, indeed, this does not harm the hadith.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ الزِّيَادَةُ مِنَ الثِّقَةِ مَقْبُولَةٌ وَإِسْرَائِيلُ بْنُ يُونُسَ ثِقَةٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ شُعْبَةُ وَالثَّوْرِيُّ أَرْسَلَاهُ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يَضُرُّ الْحَدِيثَ  

[Machine] About the Prophet ﷺ that he said, "There is no marriage except with a guardian." He said, "Yes." Al-Hasan (ra) said, "Even if he (the woman's guardian) speaks on her behalf." The sheikh (may Allah have mercy on him) said, "And likewise."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَلَوْ قَالَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ لَقَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no marriage except with a guardian." This was also narrated by Abu Ishaq, and likewise.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ كَذَا قَالَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no marriage without a guardian, and it has been narrated from Yunus, from Abu Burdah himself."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَقَدْ قِيلَ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ نَفْسِهِ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "There is no marriage except with a guardian." And Yunus ibn Abi Ishaq also said the same.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ يُونُسُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "There is no marriage except with a guardian." Then Abu Dawood (may Allah have mercy on him) said, in some copies of the book of Sunan, that it is Yunus ibn Abi Kathir, as narrated from Abu Dawood.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي بَعْضِ النُّسَخِ مِنْ كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ هُوَ يُونُسُ بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ كَذَا حُكِيَ عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "There is no marriage without a guardian." Ibn 'Asakir said, "Qabeesah bin 'Uqbah came to me and 'Ali bin al-Madeeni asked me about this hadith, so I narrated it to him." 'Ali bin al-Madeeni said, "We were relieved from the disagreement of Abu Ishaq."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ قَالَ ابْنُ عَسْكَرٍ فَقَالَ لِي قَبِيصَةُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ جَاءَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَحَدَّثْتُهُ بِهِ فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ قَدِ اسْتَرَحْنَا مِنْ خِلَافِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no marriage except with a guardian, and this contradicts the narration of Abu Zakariah from Ahmad bin Salman. Our sheikh, Abu Abdullah, narrated the hadith of Ibn Qutaybah on the hadith of the Asbat (descendants)."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَهَذَا بِخِلَافِ رِوَايَةِ أَبِي زَكَرِيَّا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ سَلْمَانَ وَكَانَ شَيْخُنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ حَمَلَ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ قُتَيْبَةَ عَلَى حَدِيثِ أَسْبَاطٍ فَحَدِيثُ أَسْبَاطٍ كَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] "That the Prophet ﷺ said, 'There is no marriage except with a guardian,' which Sulaiman bin Dawud Ash-Shadhakuni narrated from Numan bin Abdul Salam. And it has also been narrated from Mu'mal bin Ismail and Bishr bin Mansur from Ath-Thawri, and it is connected from Yazid bin Zuray. And what is preserved from them is not connected. And relying on what has been transmitted from the children of Israel and those who followed them in the chain of narration. And Allah knows best."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الشَّاذَكُونِيُّ عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُؤَمَّلِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَبِشْرُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ مَوْصُولًا وَعَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زُرَيْعٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ مَوْصُولًا وَالْمَحْفُوظُ عَنْهُمَا غَيْرُ مَوْصُولٍ وَالِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَى مَا مَضَى مِنْ رِوَايَةِ إِسْرَائِيلَ وَمَنْ تَابَعَهُ فِي وَصْلِ الْحَدِيثِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: There is no marriage without the permission of a guardian. Abu Dawud said: The narrator Yunus also transmitted on the authority of Abu Burdah, and Isra'il narrated from Abu Ishaq on the authority of Abu Burdah. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2085)   

النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ  

[Machine] Narrated by the Prophet ﷺ: "Do not marry a woman to another woman, and do not let a woman marry herself. Verily, the wrongdoing is the one who marries herself." Al-Hasan said, "I asked Yahya ibn Ma'een about the narration of Makhled ibn Hussein from Hisham ibn Hassaan, and he said, 'He is trustworthy.' So, I mentioned this hadith to him, and he said, 'Yes, we had a sheikh who used to attribute it to Makhled.' The sheikh was followed by Abdul-Salam ibn Harb and Muhammad ibn Marwan Al-Uqayli, narrating from Hisham."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا تُزَوِّجُ الْمَرْأَةُ الْمَرْأَةَ وَلَا تُزَوِّجُ الْمَرْأَةُ نَفْسَهَا إِنَّ الْبَغِيَّةَ الَّتِي تُزَوِّجُ نَفْسَهَا قَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَسَأَلْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ عَنْ رِوَايَةِ مَخْلَدِ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ فَقَالَ ثِقَةٌ فَذَكَرْتُ لَهُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَدْ كَانَ شَيْخٌ عِنْدَنَا يَرْفَعُهُ عَنْ مَخْلَدٍ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ تَابَعَهُ عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ بْنُ حَرْبٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ الْعُقَيْلِيُّ عَنْ هِشَامٍ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "A woman should not marry another woman, and a woman should not marry herself." Abu Huraira said, "We used to consider a woman who marries herself as an adulteress, and likewise..."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تُنْكِحُ الْمَرْأَةُ الْمَرْأَةَ وَلَا تُنْكِحُ الْمَرْأَةُ نَفْسَهَا قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ كُنَّا نَعُدُّ الَّتِي تُنْكِحُ نَفْسَهَا هِيَ الزَّانِيَةُ وَكَذَلِكَ  

the Messenger of Allah said: “No woman should arrange the marriage of another woman, and no woman should arrange her own marriage. The adulteress is the one who arranges her own marriage.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 1882)   

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَا تُزَوِّجُ الْمَرْأَةُ الْمَرْأَةَ وَلَا تُزَوِّجُ الْمَرْأَةُ نَفْسَهَا فَإِنَّ الزَّانِيَةَ هِيَ الَّتِي تُزَوِّجُ نَفْسَهَا  

[Machine] "to have memorized it, and Allah knows best."  

أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ حَفِظَهُ وَاللهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ  

A’ishah wife of the Prophet ﷺ said “Marriage in pre Islamic times was of four kinds.” One of them was the marriage contracted by the people today. A man asked another man to marry his relative (sister or daughter) to him. He fixed the dower and married her to him. Another kind of marriage was that a man asked his wife when she became pure from menstruation to send fro so and so and have sexual intercourse with him. Her husband kept himself aloof and did not have intercourse with her till It became apparent that she was pregnant from the man who had intercourse with her. When it was manifest that she was pregnant, her husband approached her if he liked. This marriage was called istibda’(to utilize man for intercourse for a noble birth). A third kind of marriage was that a group of people less than ten in number entered upon a woman and had intercourse with her. When she conceived gave birth to a child and a number of days passed after her delivery, she sent for them. No one of them could refuse to attend and they gathered before her. She said to them “You have realized your affair. I have now given birth to a child. And this is your son. O so and so. She called the name of anyone of them she liked and the child was attributed to him. A fourth kind of marriage was that many people gathered together and entered upon a woman who did not prevent anyone who came to her. They were prostitutes. They hoisted flags at their doors which served as a sign for the one who intended to enter upon them. When she became pregnant and delivered the child , they got together before her and called for the experts of tracing relationship from physical features. They attributed the child to whom they considered and it was given to him. The child was called his son and he could not deny. When Allah sent Muhammad ﷺ as a Prophet, he abolished all kinds of marriages prevalent among the people of the pre Islamic times except of the Muslims practiced today. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2272)   

ؓ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ النِّكَاحَ كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَنْحَاءٍ فَنِكَاحٌ مِنْهَا نِكَاحُ النَّاسِ الْيَوْمَ يَخْطُبُ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ وَلِيدَتَهُ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ وَلِيَّتَهُ فَيُصْدِقُهَا ثُمَّ يَنْكِحُهَا وَنِكَاحٌ آخَرُ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ إِذَا طَهُرَتْ مِنْ طَمَثِهَا أَرْسِلِي إِلَى فُلَانٍ اسْتَبْضِعِي مِنْهُ وَيَعْتَزِلُهَا زَوْجُهَا وَلَا يَمَسُّهَا أَبَدًا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ حَمْلُهَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يَسْتَبْضِعُ مِنْهُ فَإِذَا تَبَيَّنَ حَمْلَهَا أَصَابَهَا زَوْجُهَا إِنْ أَحَبَّ وَإِنَّمَا يَصْنَعُ ذَلِكَ رَغْبَةً فِي نَجَابَةِ الْوَلَدِ فَكَانَ هَذَا النِّكَاحُ نِكَاحَ الِاسْتِبْضَاعِ وَنِكَاحٌ آخَرُ يَجْتَمِعُ فِيهِ الرَّهْطُ دُونَ الْعَشَرَةِ فَيَدْخُلُونَ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ كُلُّهُمْ يُصِيبُهَا فَإِذَا حَمَلَتْ وَوَضَعَتْ وَمَرَّ لَيَالِي بَعْدَ أَنْ تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يَمْتَنِعَ حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعُوا عِنْدَهَا فَتَقُولُ لَهُمْ قَدْ عَرَفْتُمُ الَّذِي كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِكُمْ وَقَدْ وَلَدْتُ وَهَذَا ابْنُكَ يَا فُلَانُ فَتُسَمِّي مَنْ أَحَبَّتْ مِنْهُمْ بِاسْمِهِ فَيَلْحَقُ بِهِ وَلَدُهَا وَالنِّكَاحُ الرَّابِعُ يَجْتَمِعُ النَّاسُ الْكَثِيرُ فَيَدْخُلُونَ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ لَا تَمْتَنِعُ مِمَّنْ جَاءَهَا وَهُنَّ الْبَغَايَا هُنَّ يَنْصِبْنَ عَلَى أَبْوَابِهِنَّ رَايَاتٍ يَكُنَّ عَلَمًا لِمَنْ أَرَادَهُنَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِنَّ فَإِذَا حَمَلَتْ فَوَضَعَتْ حَمْلَهَا جَمَعُوا لَهَا وَدَعُوا لَهُمُ الْقَافَةَ ثُمَّ أَلْحَقُوا وَلَدَهَا بِالَّذِي يَرَوْنَ فَالْتَطَاهُ وَدَعِيُّ ابْنِهِ لَا يَمْتَنِعُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللهُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ بِالْحَقِّ أَبْطَلَ وَهَدَمَ نِكَاحَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ إِلَّا نِكَاحَ الْإِسْلَامِ الْيَوْمَ  

[Machine] Umar ibn Al-Khattab said: "Any woman whom the guardian or guardians did not marry, her marriage is invalid."  

قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ لَمْ يُنْكِحْهَا الْوَلِيُّ أَوِ الْوُلَاةُ فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ  

[Machine] "Omar refused the marriage of a woman who was married without a guardian."  

أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ رَدَّ نِكَاحَ امْرَأَةٍ نُكِحَتْ بِغَيْرِ وَلِيٍّ  

[Machine] I collected my belongings and a modest woman entrusted her matter into the hands of a man who was not her guardian, so he married her. When that reached Umar, he lashed the man who performed the marriage and the man who was married, and he nullified their marriage.  

جَمَعْتُ الطَّرِيقَ رَكْبًا فَجَعَلَتِ امْرَأَةٌ ثَيِّبٌ أَمْرَهَا بِيَدِ رَجُلٍ غَيْرِ وَلِيٍّ فَأَنْكَحَهَا فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرَ ؓ فَجَلَدَ النَّاكِحَ وَالْمُنْكِحَ وَرَدَّ نِكَاحَهَا  

[Machine] A woman cannot be married without the permission of her guardian or the consent of her family or the authority.  

لَا تُنْكَحُ الْمَرْأَةُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ وَلِيِّهَا أَوْ ذِي الرَّأْيِ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا أَوِ السُّلْطَانِ  

[Machine] Any woman who gets married without the permission of her guardian, her marriage is invalid. There is no marriage except with the permission of a guardian. This is a valid narration, and it has been narrated from Ali with other chains of narration. However, relying on this narration alone is not sufficient.  

أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نَكَحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذَنْ وَلِيِّهَا فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ وَلِيٍّ هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ بِأَسَانِيدَ أُخَرَ وَإِنْ كَانَ الِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَى هَذَا دُونَهَا  

[Machine] Ali, Shurayh, and Masruq - may Allah have mercy on them - said: "There is no marriage without a guardian."  

وَعَلِيًّا ؓ وَشُرَيْحًا وَمَسْرُوقًا رَحِمَهُمَا اللهُ قَالُوا لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ  

[Machine] Ali said, "There is no marriage without a guardian."  

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ وَشُرَيْحٌ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ  

[Machine] He said, 'No one among the companions of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was more intense in marriage without a guardian than Ali ibn Abi Talib. He even struck in it.' Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz informed us, Abu al-Walid informed us, Al-Hasan ibn Sufyan informed us, Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah informed us, Abu Khalid informed us, Mujalid informed us from Sha'bi, and he mentioned it.  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَا كَانَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَشَدَّ فِي النِّكَاحِ بِغَيْرِ وَلِيٍّ مِنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ حَتَّى كَانَ يَضْرِبُ فِيهِ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ثنا أَبُو خَالِدٍ ثنا مُجَالِدٌ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ فَذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] "He said, 'There is no marriage except with a guardian and two upright witnesses.' And this is a witness for the narration of Mujalid, and we narrated it from Ubaidullah bin Abu Rafi' from Ali."  

وَقَالَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ وَهَذَا شَاهِدٌ لِرِوَايَةِ مُجَالِدٍ وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ  

[Machine] "There is no marriage except with the permission of a guardian, so whoever marries or gets married without the permission of a guardian, their marriage is void. And it was narrated from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that he permitted marriage with one's paternal uncle or maternal aunt."  

لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ وَلِيٍّ فَمَنْ نَكَحَ أَوْ أَنْكَحَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيٍّ فَنِكَاحُهُ بَاطِلٌ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ أَنَّهُ أَجَازَ إِنْكَاحَ الْخَالِ أَوِ الْأُمِّ  

[Machine] The uncle.  

الْخَالُ  

[Machine] From Abu Qays Al-Awdi, he mentioned it.  

عَنْ أَبِي قَيْسٍ الْأَوْدِيِّ فَذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] It is said that her name is Salamah and her mother and family married her off. This was brought to Ali's attention, and he said, "Has he not consummated the marriage?" So, marriage is valid. Abu Hazim Al-Hafiz informed us, Abu Al-Hasan ibn Hamzah informed him, Ahmed ibn Najdah narrated to us, Sa'eed ibn Mansour narrated to us, Hushaim narrated to us, Al-Shaibani mentioned it.  

يُقَالُ لَهَا سَلَمَةُ زَوَّجَتْهَا أُمُّهَا وَأَهْلُهَا فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ؓ فَقَالَ أَلَيْسَ قَدْ دَخَلَ بِهَا؟ فَالنِّكَاحُ جَائِزٌ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ثنا هُشَيْمٌ أَنْبَأَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] "There is no marriage without a guardian, a guide, and two just witnesses."  

لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ مُرْشِدٍ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ  

[Machine] They used to say that the woman who marries herself is the adulteress.  

كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ الَّتِي تُزَوِّجُ نَفْسَهَا هِيَ الزَّانِيَةُ  

[Machine] Aisha is proposed to by a woman from her family, so she testifies. When the knot of the marriage contract remains, she tells one of her family members to marry her, because the woman does not read the marriage contract. The scholar, may Allah have mercy on him, said: "This narration indicates that the one who"  

عَائِشَةُ ؓ تُخْطَبُ إِلَيْهَا الْمَرْأَةُ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا فَتُشْهِدُ فَإِذَا بَقِيَتْ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ قَالَتْ لِبَعْضِ أَهْلِهَا زَوِّجْ فإِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَا تَلِي عَقْدَ النِّكَاحِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ هَذَا الْأَثَرُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الَّذِي  

[Machine] Abdul Rahman, I was not intending to reverse a decree that had been issued. Hafsah became upset with Al-Mundhir, and this was not considered a divorce. It was only intended that she would prepare herself for remarriage and then someone else would oversee the marriage contract. So, permission was sought from her regarding this and she facilitated the preparations for it. Allah knows best.  

عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ مَا كُنْتُ لِأَرُدَّ أَمْرًا قَضَيْتِهِ فَقَرَّتْ حَفْصَةُ عِنْدَ الْمُنْذِرِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ طَلَاقًا إِنَّمَا أُرِيدَ بِهِ أَنَّهَا مَهَّدَتْ تَزْوِيجَهَا ثُمَّ تَوَلَّى عَقْدَ النِّكَاحِ غَيْرُهَا فَأُضِيفَ التَّزْوِيجُ إِلَيْهَا لِإِذْنِهَا فِي ذَلِكَ وَتَمْهِيدِهَا أَسْبَابَهُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] About the jurists who adhere to the saying of the followers of the people of Al-Madinah, they used to say that a woman cannot legally bind herself in marriage, neither in herself nor in others. And Allah knows best.  

عَنِ الْفُقَهَاءِ الَّذِينَ يُنْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ مِنْ تَابِعِي أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ لَا تَعْقِدُ امْرَأَةٌ عُقْدَةَ النِّكَاحِ فِي نَفْسِهَا وَلَا فِي غَيْرِهَا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ