39. Marriage
٣٩۔ كِتَابُ النِّكَاحِ
The verse: "And say to the believing women that they should lower gaze was partly abrogated by the verse: "Such elderly women as are past the prospect of marriage." (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4111)
{وَقُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِنَّ} [النور 31] الْآيَةَ فَنُسِخَ وَاسْتَثْنَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ {وَالْقَوَاعِدُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا يَرْجُونَ نِكَاحًا} [النور 60] الْآيَةَ
[Machine] In His saying {And for women who do not expect marriage, it is not sinful for them to remove their outer garments, provided they do not revealingly display their adornment.} [An-Nur 60], it means that it is permissible for a woman to stay in her house wearing a dress and a headcover, while not wearing the cloak, unless she fears displaying something that Allah dislikes. And His saying {So there is no blame upon them if they put aside their outer garments, provided they do not reveal their adornment} [An-Nur 60]. Then He said {And let them modestly refrain from displaying their adornment} [An-Nur 60].
فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {وَالْقَوَاعِدُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا يَرْجُونَ نِكَاحًا} [النور 60] قَالَ هِيَ الْمَرْأَةُ لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَجْلِسَ فِي بَيْتِهَا بِدِرْعٍ وَخِمَارٍ وَتَضَعُ عَنْهَا الْجِلْبَابَ مَا لَمْ تَتَبَرَّجْ لِمَا يَكْرَهُهُ اللهُ وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ {فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِنَّ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ ثِيَابَهُنَّ غَيْرَ مُتَبَرِّجَاتٍ بِزِينَةٍ} [النور 60] ثُمَّ قَالَ {وَأَنْ يَسْتَعْفِفْنَ خَيْرٌ لَهُنَّ} [النور 60]
الْجِلْبَابُ
[Machine] They wear their jilbabs, which is better for them.
يَلْبَسْنَ جَلَابِيبَهُنَّ خَيْرٌ لَهُنَّ
[Machine] We used to visit Hafsah bint Sireen, and she would wear the jilbab in this manner and cover herself with it. We would say to her, "May Allah have mercy on you." Allah, the Most High, said, "And as for women past childbearing who do not expect wedlock, it is no sin on them if they discard their (outer) clothing in such a way as not to show their adornment." (Quran, 24: 60) Jilbab is this. She would then say to us, "Is there anything else?" We would say, "And that they should be modest is better for them." (Quran, 24: 60) She would say, "This is the confirmation of the jilbab."
كُنَّا نَدْخُلُ عَلَى حَفْصَةَ بِنْتِ سِيرِينَ وَقَدْ جَعَلَتِ الْجِلْبَابَ هَكَذَا وَتَنَقَّبَتْ بِهِ فَنَقُولُ لَهَا رَحِمَكِ اللهُ قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى {وَالْقَوَاعِدُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا يَرْجُونَ نِكَاحًا فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِنَّ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ ثِيَابَهُنَّ غَيْرَ مُتَبَرِّجَاتٍ بِزِينَةٍ} [النور 60] هُوَ الْجِلْبَابُ قَالَ فَتَقُولُ لَنَا أِيُّ شَيْءٍ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ؟ فَنَقُولُ {وَأَنْ يَسْتَعْفِفْنَ خَيْرٌ لَهُنَّ} [النور 60] فَتَقُولُ هُوَ إِثْبَاتُ الْجِلْبَابِ
[Machine] We have an old woman who sends us goods so we take them from the root of the dock, then throw them in a pot and grind grains of barley. Whenever we pray, we go to her and greet her and she presents it to us. We used to be happy on Fridays because of that and we would not move or have lunch until after Friday.
لَنَا عَجُوزٌ تَبْعَثُ إِلَى بُضَاعَةَ فَتَأْخُذُ مِنْ أُصُولِ السِّلْقِ فَتَطْرَحُهُ فِي قِدْرٍ وَتُكَرْكِرُ حَبَّاتٍ مِنْ شَعِيرٍ فَكُنَّا إِذَا صَلَّيْنَا انْصَرَفْنَا إِلَيْهَا فَنُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهَا فَتُقَدِّمُهُ إِلَيْنَا وَكُنَّا نَفْرَحُ بِيَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ وَمَا كُنَّا نَقِيلُ وَلَا نَتَغَدَّى إِلَّا بَعْدَ الْجُمُعَةِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to visit Umm Ayman, and I went with him. She brought him a drink, and if he was fasting, he would refuse it, and if he did not want it, he would return it. Then Abu Bakr said to Umar after the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , "Go with us to Umm Ayman to visit her." When we arrived at her house, she cried. They asked her, "What makes you cry? Whatever is with Allah is better for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ." She said, "By Allah, I do not cry because I do not know that whatever is with Allah is better for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , but I cry because the revelation from the sky has stopped, and this has saddened both of them to tears."
ذَهَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى أُمِّ أَيْمَنَ زَائِرًا وَذَهَبْتُ مَعَهُ فَقَرَّبَتْ إِلَيْهِ شَرَابًا فَإِمَّا كَانَ صَائِمًا وَإِمَّا كَانَ لَا يُرِيدُهُ فَرَدَّهُ فَأَقْبَلَتْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ تُصَاخِبُهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لِعُمَرَ ؓ انْطَلِقْ بِنَا إِلَى أُمِّ أَيْمَنَ نَزُورُهَا فَلَمَّا انْتَهَيْنَا إِلَيْهَا بَكَتْ قَالَا لَهَا مَا يُبْكِيكِ مَا عِنْدَ اللهِ خَيْرٌ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَتْ وَاللهِ مَا أَبْكِي أَلَّا أَكُونَ أَعْلَمُ مَا عِنْدَ اللهِ خَيْرٌ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَكِنْ أَبْكِي أَنَّ الْوَحْيَ انْقَطَعَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَهَيَّجَتْهُمَا عَلَى الْبُكَاءِ فَجَعَلَا يَبْكِيَانِ