[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The orphan girl should not be married until she is consulted, and the virgin girl should not be married until permission is sought." They asked, "How can her permission be obtained?" He said, "By her silence."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تُنْكَحُ الْأَيِّمُ حَتَّى تُسْتَأْمَرَ وَلَا تُنْكَحُ الْبِكْرُ حَتَّى تُسْتَأْذَنَ قَالُوا كَيْفَ إِذْنُهَا؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَسْكُتَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The orphan girl is consulted regarding herself, so if she remains silent, then it is her consent. But if she refuses, then it is not permissible for her." Abu Dawood said about the narration of Yazid: "And it is the same."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ تُسْتَأْمَرُ الْيَتِيمَةُ فِي نَفْسِهَا فَإِنْ سَكَتَتْ فَهُوَ إِذْنُهَا وَإِنْ أَبَتْ فَلَا جَوَازَ عَلَيْهَا وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْأَخْبَارُ فِي حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ heard saying: "Permission is sought for a young orphan in regards to herself. If she remains silent, it is deemed as consent. And if she dislikes it, she is not to be forced."  

سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ تُسْتَأْمَرُ الْيَتِيمَةُ فِي نَفْسِهَا فَإِنْ سَكَتَتْ فَهُوَ رِضًى وَإِنْ كَرِهَتْ فَلَا كُرْهَ عَلَيْهَا  

[Machine] "I asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about the young girl if her family can arrange her marriage or not. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to her, 'Yes, she can be arranged for marriage.' Aisha said, 'But she feels shy and remains silent.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'That is her approval if she keeps silent.'"  

ؓ تَقُولُ سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْجَارِيَةِ يُنْكِحُهَا أَهْلُهَا أَتُسْتَأْمَرُ أَمْ لَا؟ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ نَعَمْ تُسْتَأْمَرُ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَإِنَّهَا تَسْتَحِي فَتَسْكُتُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ذَاكَ إِذْنُهَا إِذَا سَكَتَتْ  

I asked the Prophet, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Should the women be asked for their consent to their marriage?" He said, "Yes." I said, "A virgin, if asked, feels shy and keeps quiet." He said, "Her silence means her consent." (Using translation from Bukhārī 6946)   

قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ تُسْتَأْمَرُ النِّسَاءُ فِي أَبْضَاعِهِنَّ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ الْبِكْرَ تَسْتَحِي قَالَ تُسْتَأْمَرُ فَإِنْ سَكَتَتْ فَسُكُوتُهَا إِذْنُهَا  

[Machine] "On the authority of Ursa bin Amira Al-Kindi, a man from the companions of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ , that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said, 'Command women with regard to themselves, for a non-virgin woman expresses herself, and the pleasure of a virgin lies in her silence.'"  

عَنْ عُرْسِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ الْكِنْدِيِّ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ وَآمِرُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ فَإِنَّ الثَّيِّبَ تُعْرِبُ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا وَالْبِكْرُ رِضَاهَا صَمْتُهَا  

[Machine] "From the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , that he said: Consult with women in their affairs. It was said to him, O Messenger of Allah, the virgin feels shy. He said, the widow can express herself, and the virgin's acceptance is her silence, and he did not mention marriage in its chain of narration."  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ شَاوِرُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ فَقِيلَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ الْبِكْرَ تَسْتَحِي قَالَ الثَّيِّبُ تُعْرِبُ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا وَالْبِكْرُ رِضَاهَا صَمْتُهَا وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْعُرْسَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ  

[Machine] Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, reported: When some of the daughters of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, were proposed to him, he would come to Al-Khidr and say: "If she defames in Al-Khidr, then do not marry her, but if she does not defame in Al-Khidr, then marry her."  

عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا خُطِبَ إِلَيْهِ بَعْضُ بَنَاتِهِ أَتَى الْخِدْرَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَوْ إِنَّ فُلَانًا يَخْطُبُ فُلَانَةَ فَإِنْ طَعَنَتْ فِي الْخِدْرِ لَمْ يُنْكِحْهَا وَإِنْ لَمْ تَطْعَنْ فِي الْخِدْرِ أَنْكَحَهَا كَذَا  

[Machine] When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wanted to marry one of his daughters to someone, he would sit near her and say, "So-and-so intends to marry so-and-so."  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُنْكِحَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ بَنَاتِهِ جَلَسَ عِنْدَ خِدْرِهَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ فُلَانًا يُرِيدُ فُلَانَةَ  

[Machine] When some of the daughters of the Prophet ﷺ were proposed to, he would send for them to come to Al-Khadr and say, "If such and such man has proposed to such and such woman, then if you approve, I will marry her to him, and if you do not approve, I will not marry her to him." And it was narrated from another perspective that the marriage proposal was sent from someone else.  

كَانَ إِذَا خُطِبَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بَعْضُ بَنَاتِهِ أَتَى إِلَى الْخِدْرِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ فُلَانًا يَخْطُبُ فُلَانَةَ فَإِنْ حَرَّكَتْهُ لَمْ يُنْكِحْهَا وَإِنْ لَمْ تُحَرِّكْهُ أَنْكَحَهَا وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مُرْسَلًا  

[Machine] "When Allah ﷺ desires to marry one of his daughters, he sits next to her and says to her, 'If so-and-so mentions so-and-so, and if she dislikes him and speaks, then I will not marry her to him. But if she remains silent, then I will marry her to him.' Abu Hariz al-Qadi narrated it from Ash-Sha'bi, from Aisha, and from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas."  

اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ إِحْدَى بَنَاتِهِ يَجْلِسُ إِلَى خِدْرِهَا فَقَالَ لَهَا إِنَّ فُلَانًا يَذْكُرُ فُلَانَةَ فَإِنْ تَكَلَّمَتْ فَكَرِهَتْ لَمْ يُزَوِّجْهَا وَإِنْ هِيَ صَمَتَتْ زَوَّجَهَا وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو حَرِيزٍ قَاضِي سِجِسْتَانَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ وَعَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ  

[Machine] Her father married her off while she was still young and she did not want to get married. So she went to the Prophet ﷺ and he annulled the marriage. Abu Sa'eed added in his narration: Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said, "He did not say anything except that you should consent to freeing your father so that you can allow him to get married. If her permission to marry is valid, then it is more likely that he would order her to allow her father's marriage and not miss out on it."  

أَنَّ أَبَاهَا زَوَّجَهَا وَهِيَ ثَيِّبٌ وَهِيَ كَارِهَةٌ فَأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَرَدَّ نِكَاحَهَا زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ إِلَّا أَنْ تَشَائِي أَنْ تَبَرِّي أَبَاكِ فَتُجِيزِي إِنْكَاحَهُ لَوْ كَانَتْ إِجَازَتُهَا إِنْكَاحَهُ تُجِيزُهُ أَشْبَهُ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهَا أَنْ تُجِيزَ إِنْكَاحَ أَبِيهَا وَلَا تَرُدُّ تَفَوُّتَهُ عَلَيْهَا  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: The marriage of a woman who marries without the consent of her guardians is void. (He said these words) three times. If there is cohabitation, she gets her dower for the intercourse her husband has had. If there is a dispute, the sultan (man in authority) is the guardian of one who has none. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2083)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تُنْكَحُ الْمَرْأَةُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهَا فَإِنْ نُكِحَتْ فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَإِنْ أَصَابَهَا فَلَهَا مَهْرُهَا بِمَا أَصَابَ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اشْتَجَرُوا فَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لَا وَلِيَّ لَهُ  

[Machine] If God wills, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no marriage except with the permission of a guardian or a ruler." Abu al-Muthanna Muadh ibn al-Muthanna said this, and others narrated it from Ubaidullah al-Qawariri who said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said this without exception." Al-Qawariri is trustworthy, except that this narration is attributed to Ibn Abbas and it is suspended. Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Abdan informed us, Abu al-Qasim al-Tabarani narrated to us, Is'haq al-Dabari narrated from Abdul Razzaq, who narrated from al-Thawri, who narrated from Ibn Khuzaymah, who narrated from Said ibn Jubair, who narrated from Ibn Abbas, a similar narration without attribution. However, it was not elevated.  

ﷺ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ قَالَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ وَلِيٍّ مُرْشِدٍ أَوْ سُلْطَانٍ كَذَا قَالَ أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى مُعَاذُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الْقَوَارِيرِيِّ فَقَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ غَيْرِ اسْتِثْنَاءٍ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ الْقَوَارِيرِيُّ مَرْفُوعًا وَالْقَوَارِيرِيُّ ثِقَةٌ إِلَّا أَنَّ الْمَشْهُورَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ مَوْقُوفٌ عَلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ 13714 أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ أنبأ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ثنا إِسْحَاقُ الدَّبَرِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ خُثَيْمٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ مِثْلَهُ وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ  

[Machine] "There is no marriage without a guardian or authority. If someone marries her while being foolish or under a curse, then there is no marriage for them."  

لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ أَوْ سُلْطَانٍ فَإِنْ أَنْكَحَهَا سَفِيهٌ أَوْ مَسْخُوطٌ عَلَيْهِ فَلَا نِكَاحَ لَهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no marriage without a guardian and two just witnesses. If a woman is married without the consent of her guardian, then her marriage is invalid."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ فَإِنْ أَنْكَحَهَا وَلِيٌّ مَسْخُوطٌ عَلَيْهِ فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ كَذَا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "Any woman who is married without the permission of her guardian and two just witnesses, then her marriage is invalid. If he consummates the marriage with her, then she is entitled to the dowry. And if they dispute, then the ruler is the guardian of the one who has no guardian." Abu Ali Al-Hafiz, who is Al-Naysaburi and Abu Yusuf Al-Raqqi, said: "This is from the scholars of the people of the Arabian Peninsula and their experts."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نُكِحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذِنْ وَلِيِّهَا وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ فَإِنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَلَهَا الْمَهْرُ وَإِنِ اشْتَجَرُوا فَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لَا وَلِيَّ لَهُ قَالَ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ وَهُوَ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ أَبُو يُوسُفَ الرَّقِّيُّ هَذَا مِنْ حُفَّاظِ أَهْلِ الْجَزِيرَةِ وَمُتْقِنِيهِمْ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "There is no marriage except with a guardian and two witnesses of justice. If they quarrel, then the Sultan is the guardian for those who have no guardian." Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "Abdul-Rahman ibn Yunus narrated it from Isa ibn Yunus with the same wording."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ فَإِنْ تَشَاجَرُوا فَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لَا وَلِيَّ لَهُ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ تَابَعَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ يُونُسَ عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ مِثْلَهُ قَالَ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no marriage without a guardian and two just witnesses." Al-Shafi'i may Allah have mercy on him said, and it has been narrated from Al-Hasan ibn Abi Al-Hasan that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no marriage without a guardian and two just witnesses."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Marriage is not permissible except with a guardian, witnesses, and a righteous match." Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said, "This applies even if the Prophet ﷺ is no longer alive, as most scholars agree on this point. The difference between marriage and fornication is the presence of witnesses." Al-Muzani (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated this from someone other than Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him), from Al-Hasan, from Imran ibn Husain, from the Prophet ﷺ .  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا يَحِلُّ نِكَاحٌ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَصَدَاقٍ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَهَذَا وَإِنْ كَانَ مُنْقَطِعًا دُونَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَإِنَّ أَكْثَرَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُ بِهِ وَيَقُولُ الْفَرْقُ بَيْنَ النِّكَاحِ وَالسِّفَاحِ الشُّهُودُ قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُ الشَّافِعِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Marriage is not permissible except through a guardian and two just witnesses." Abu Al-Husayn Ibn Bishran Al-Adl informed us, he said: Abu Bakr Ahmad Ibn Salman Al-Faqih informed us, who said: Abu Al-Fadl Ahmad Ibn Mula'ib informed us, who said: Al-Fadl Ibn Dukayn informed us, who said: Abu Nu'aym informed us, who said: Abdullah Ibn Muharar mentioned it as a connected chain from Abdullah Ibn Muharar, who has been abandoned and cannot be used as evidence. It has also been narrated through another chain as a connected and elevated hadith.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يَجُوزُ نِكَاحٌ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ ثنا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُلَاعِبٍ ثنا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ دُكَيْنٍ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَرَّرٍ فَذَكَرَهُ مَوْصُولًا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَرَّرٍ مَتْرُوكٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ وَقَدْ قِيلَ عَنْهُ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مَوْصُولًا مَرْفُوعًا  

[Machine] Narrated by the Prophet, ﷺ , he said: "There is no marriage except with a guardian, a suitor, and two just witnesses." Abu Ahmad said: "Thana Al-Junaidi reported from Al-Bukhari who said: 'Mughira bin Musa Basri is a narrator of rejected hadiths.' Abu Ahmad said: 'Mughira bin Musa Basri himself is trustworthy.'"  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَخَاطِبٍ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ ثنا الْجُنَيْدِيُّ ثنا الْبُخَارِيُّ قَالَ مُغِيرَةُ بْنُ مُوسَى بَصْرِيٌّ مُنْكَرُ الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ مُوسَى فِي نَفْسِهِ ثِقَةٌ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said: "Those who engage in illegal sexual intercourse without clear evidence of guilt, Abdullah bin Al-A'la raised it in interpretation and stopped at divorce 13724. Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Abadan informed us, Ahmad ibn Ubayd As-Saffar informed me, Makhlad ibn Abi Asim An-Nabil narrated to me, Yusuf ibn Hammad mentioned it in a similar manner. The correct view is attributed (to the Prophet) while the other view is attributed (to the narrator). Allah knows best." Ash-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said, "This is confirmed from Ibn Abbas and others among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ ."  

النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ الْبَغَايَا اللَّاتِي يُنْكِحْنَ أَنْفُسَهُنَّ بِغَيْرِ بَيِّنَةٍ رَفَعَهُ عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى فِي التَّفْسِيرِ وَوَقَفَهُ فِي الطَّلَاقِ 13724 أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ حَدَّثَنِي مَخْلَدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ النَّبِيلِ ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ مَرْفُوعًا وَالصَّوَابُ مَوْقُوفٌ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَهُوَ ثَابِتٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

[Machine] Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, and I consider him a Muslim, heard it from Ibn Khuthaym.  

الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَأَحْسَبُ مُسْلِمًا سَمِعَهُ مِنِ ابْنِ خُثَيْمٍ  

[Machine] Umar performed a marriage that was witnessed by only a man and a woman. He said, "This is a secret marriage and I do not approve of it. If I had known about it earlier, I would have stoned them."  

أُتِيَ عُمَرُ ؓ بِنِكَاحٍ لَمْ يَشْهَدْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَةٌ فَقَالَ هَذَا نِكَاحُ السِّرِّ وَلَا أُجِيزُهُ وَلَوْ كُنْتُ تَقَدَّمْتُ فِيهِ لَرَجَمْتُ  

[Machine] There is no marriage without a guardian and two just witnesses. This is a valid chain of narration and Ibn Musayyib was called the narrator of Umar. Ibn Umar used to send for him to ask him about some matters related to Umar and his affairs.  

لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ وَابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ كَانَ يُقَالُ لَهُ رَاوِيَةُ عُمَرَ وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يُرْسِلُ إِلَيْهِ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ بَعْضِ شَأْنِ عُمَرَ وَأَمْرِهِ  

[Machine] About Ata ibn Abi Rabah, Hasan, and Zuhri.  

عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ وَالْحَسَنِ وَالزُّهْرِيِّ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Any slave who marries without the permission of his master is committing adultery."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَيُّمَا مَمْلُوكٍ تَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ سَيِّدِهِ فَهُوَ عَاهِرٌ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Any slave who marries without the permission of his guardians, he is a fornicator." He is Al-Qasim ibn Abd al-Wahid.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ تَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوَالِيهِ فَهُوَ عَاهِرٌ هُوَ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ  

Ibn ‘Umar reported the Prophet ﷺ as saying “If a slave marries without the permission of his master, his marriage is null and void. Abu Dawud said “This tradition is weak. This is mauquf(does not go back to the Prophet). This is the statement of the Ibn ‘Umar himself. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2079)   

النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ إِذَا نَكَحَ الْعَبْدُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوْلَاهُ فَنِكَاحُهُ بَاطِلٌ  

[Machine] That the marriage of a slave without the permission of their master is considered adultery and those who marry them will be punished.  

أَنَّ نِكَاحَ الْعَبْدِ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ سَيِّدِهِ زِنًا وَيُعَاقَبُ مَنْ زَوَّجَهُ  

[Machine] He used to say that if he marries without the permission of his guardians, divorce is in the hands of the servant. It has been narrated from Umar ibn Al-Khattab, in the same sense, and from Ibn Umar, that he said about a slave who married a free woman without the permission of his guardians: she has made her private part permissible.  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوَالِيهِ فَالطَّلَاقُ بِيَدِ الْعَبْدِ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ تَزَوَّجَ حُرَّةً بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوَالِيهِ قَالَ هِيَ أَبَاحَتْ فَرْجَهَا  

[Machine] The man married his female slave without a dowry, and Allah knows best.  

يُزَوِّجَ الرَّجُلُ عَبْدَهُ أَمَتَهُ بِغَيْرِ مَهْرٍ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] The woman said, "Doesn't Allah say in His book, 'Or what your right hands possess' [Surah An-Nisa: 3]?" So he struck them and separated between them, and he wrote to the people of the cities that any woman who marries her slave or marries without evidence or a guardian, they should be punished (with) the punishment (prescribed by) the Islamic law.  

فَقَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ أَلَيْسَ اللهُ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ {أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ} [النساء 3] فَضَرَبَهُمَا وَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَكَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْأَمْصَارِ أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ تَزَوَّجَتْ عَبْدًا لَهَا أَوْ تَزَوَّجَتْ بِغَيْرِ بَيِّنَةٍ أَوْ وَلِيٍّ فَاضْرِبُوهُمَا الْحَدَّ  

[Machine] Umar ibn Al-Khattab had a woman brought before him who had gotten married to her slave. He punished her, separated her from her slave, and prohibited her from marrying anyone else as a punishment for her. Both of them were sent to confirm their statement with one another.  

أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ أُتِيَ بِامْرَأَةٍ قَدْ تَزَوَّجَتْ عَبْدَهَا فَعَاقَبَهَا وَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِهَا وَحَرَّمَ عَلَيْهَا الْأَزْوَاجَ عُقُوبَةً لَهَا وَهُمَا مُرْسَلَانِ يُؤَكِّدُ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ  

[Machine] " A woman inherited a portion from her husband, so that matter was raised to Ali. He said, 'Did you deceive her?' He replied, 'No.' He said, 'If you had deceived her, I would have stoned you.' Then he said, 'He is your servant. If you wish, you may sell him, if you wish, you may gift him, if you wish, you may free him, and if you wish, you may marry him.'"  

أَنَّ امْرَأَةً وَرِثَتْ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا شِقْصًا فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ؓ فَقَالَ هَلْ غَشِيتَهَا؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ لَوْ كُنْتَ غَشِيتَهَا لَرَجَمْتُكَ بِالْحِجَارَةِ ثُمَّ قَالَ هُوَ عَبْدُكِ إِنْ شِئْتِ بِعْتِيهِ وَإِنْ شِئْتِ وَهَبْتِيهِ وَإِنْ شِئْتِ أَعْتَقْتِيهِ وَتَزَوَّجْتِيهِ  

0 Abu! some of the people amongst us who belong to Khurasan say that a person who freed his bondswoman and then married her is like one who rode over a sacrificial animal. Sha'bi said: Abu Burda b. Abi Musa narrated it to me on the authority of his father that verily the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: There are three (classes of persons) who would be given a double reward. One who is amongst the People of the Book and believed in his apostle and (lived) to see the time of Apostle Muhammad ﷺ and affirmed his faith in him and followed him and attested his truth, for him is the double reward; and the slave of the master who discharges all those obligations that he owes to Allah and discharges his duties that he owes to his master, for him there is a double reward. And a man who had a bondswoman and fed her and fed her well, then taught her good manners, and did that well and later on granted her freedom and married her, for him is the double reward. Then Sha'bi said: Accept this hadith without (giving) anything. Formerly a man was (obliged) to travel to Medina even for a smaller hadith than this. This hadith has been narrated by another chain of transmitters like Abu Bakr b. Abi Shaiba, 'Abda b. Sulaiman Ibn Abi 'Umar Sufyan, 'Ubaidullah b. Mu'adh, Shu'ba; all of them heard it from Salih b. Salih. (Using translation from Muslim 154a)   

يَا أَبَا عَمْرٍو إِنَّ مَنْ قَبْلَنَا مِنْ أَهْلِ خُرَاسَانَ يَقُولُونَ إِذَا أَعْتَقَ الرَّجُلُ أمَتَهُ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا فَهُوَ كَالرَّاكِبِ بَدَنَتَهُ فَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بُرْدَةَ بْنُ أَبِي مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ ثَلَاثَةٌ يُؤْتَوْنَ أَجْرَهُمْ مَرَّتَيْنِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ آمَنَ بِنَبِيِّهِ وَأَدْرَكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَآمَنَ بِهِ وَاتَّبَعَهُ وَصَدَّقَهُ فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ وَعَبْدٌ مَمْلُوكٌ أَدَّى حَقَّ اللهِ وَحَقَّ مَوَالِيهِ فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ وَرَجُلٌ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَمَةٌ فَغَذَّاهَا فَأَحْسَنَ غِذَاءَهَا ثُمَّ أَدَّبَهَا فَأَحْسَنَ تَأْدِيبَهَا ثُمَّ أَعْتَقَهَا وَتَزَوَّجَهَا فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ ثُمَّ قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ لِلْخُرَاسَانِيِّ خُذْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ بِغَيْرِ شَيْءٍ فَقَدْ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَرْحَلُ فِيمَا دُونَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever has a female slave and treats her well, educates her and teaches her, and then sets her free and marries her, he will have two rewards. And whoever fulfills the rights of Allah and the rights of his slaves, he will have two rewards."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ جَارِيَةٌ فَأَدَّبَهَا وَأَحْسَنَ تَأْدِيبَهَا وَعَلَّمَهَا فَأَحْسَنَ تَعْلِيمَهَا ثُمَّ أَعْتَقَهَا فَتَزَوَّجَهَا فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ وَأَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ مَمْلُوكٍ أَدَّى حَقَّ اللهِ ﷻ وَحَقَّ مَوَالِيهِ فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "When a man frees his slave and then marries her with a new dowry, he will be rewarded twice." This statement is narrated by Ahmad, and in the narration of Abu Dawood, it states, "When a man frees his slave and then marries her with a new dowry, he will be rewarded twice."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَعْتَقَ الرَّجُلُ أَمَتَهُ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا بِمَهْرٍ جَدِيدٍ كَانَ لَهُ أَجْرَانِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَحْمَدَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ إِذَا أَعْتَقَ الرَّجُلُ أَمَتَهُ ثُمَّ أَمْهَرَهَا مَهْرًا جَدِيدًا كَانَ لَهُ أَجْرَانِ  

[Machine] That the messenger of Allah ﷺ freed Safiyyah and made her freedom as her dowry.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَعْتَقَ صَفِيَّةَ وَجَعَلَ عِتْقَهَا صَدَاقَهَا  

[Machine] I heard that Anas ibn Malik said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ captured Safiyyah and then freed her and married her. Thabit al-Bunani said to Anas, "Did she really accept it?" He replied, "Indeed, she accepted it herself. He freed her and married her."  

سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ ؓ يَقُولُ سَبَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صَفِيَّةَ فَأَعْتَقَهَا وَتَزَوَّجَهَا قَالَ ثَابِتٌ الْبُنَانِيُّ لِأَنَسٍ مَا أَصْدَقَهَا؟ قَالَ أَصْدَقَهَا نَفْسَهَا أَعْتَقَهَا وَتَزَوَّجَهَا  

[Machine] "He made her skillful."  

أَنَّهُ أَمْهَرَهَا  

[Machine] When it was the day of the Battle of Quraizah and the banner was brought, led by Safiyyah, a slave woman. Allah granted victory to the Muslims and her arm was in the hand of the Messenger of Allah. When she saw the captives, she said, "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that you are the Messenger of Allah." He sent her arm out of his hand and set her free, then he proposed to her and married her, and he gave her a dowry. And Allah knows best.  

لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ قُرَيْظَةَ وَالنَّضِيرِ جَاءَ بِصَفِيَّةَ يَقُودُهَا سَبِيَّةً حَتَّى فَتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَذِرَاعُهَا فِي يَدِهِ فَلَمَّا رَأَتِ السَّبْيَ قَالَتْ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ فَأَرْسَلَ ذِرَاعَهَا مِنْ يَدِهِ فَأَعْتَقَهَا فَخَطَبَهَا فَتَزَوَّجَهَا وَأَمْهَرَهَا رَزِينَةَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] Allah ﷺ mentioned Khadija bint Khuwaylid and her father's reluctance to marry her off, so she prepared food and drinks and invited her father and some people from the Quraysh. They ate and drank until they were intoxicated. Then Khadija said to her father, "Indeed, Muhammad has proposed to me, so marry him to me." And she married him to her. She adorned him and dressed him in fine clothes. They used to do this with the fathers when they got their daughters married. When he became sober, he looked and saw that he was in fine attire, so he said, "What is the matter with me?" She said, "You have married me to Muhammad ibn Abdullah." He said, "Am I marrying the orphan of my uncle?" She said, "No, by my life." Then Khadija said, "Aren't you ashamed? Do you want to humiliate yourself in front of the Quraysh and tell the people that you were intoxicated and did not depart from it until you agreed?"  

اللهِ ﷺ ذَكَرَ خَدِيجَةَ بِنْتَ خُوَيْلِدٍ وَكَانَ أَبُوهَا يَرْغَبُ عَنْ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهُ فَصَنَعَتْ طَعَامًا وَشَرَابًا فَدَعَتْ أَبَاهَا وَنَفَرًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَطَعِمُوا وَشَرِبُوا حَتَّى ثَمِلُوا فَقَالَتْ خَدِيجَةُ ؓ لِأَبِيهَا إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا يَخْطُبُنِي فَزَوِّجْهُ فَزَوَّجَهَا إِيَّاهُ فَخَلَّقَتْهُ وَأَلْبَسَتْهُ حُلَّةً وَكَانُوا يَصْنَعُونَ بِالْآبَاءِ إِذَا زَوَّجُوا بَنَاتَهُمْ فَلَمَّا سُرِّيَ عَنْهُ السُّكْرُ نَظَرَ فَإِذَا هُوَ مُخَلَّقٌ عَلَيْهِ حُلَّةٌ فَقَالَ مَا شَأْنِي؟ قَالَتْ زَوَّجْتَنِي مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ فَقَالَ أَنَا أُزَوِّجُ يَتِيمَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ؟ فَقَالَ لَا لَعَمْرِي فَقَالَتْ خَدِيجَةُ أَمَا تَسْتَحِي تُرِيدُ أَنْ تُسَفِّهَ نَفْسَكَ عِنْدَ قُرَيْشٍ تُخْبِرُ النَّاسَ أَنَّكَ كُنْتَ سَكْرَانَ فَلَمْ تَزَلْ بِهِ حَتَّى أَقَرَّ  

[Machine] He spoke to his brother, so his father spoke to him and he had drunk wine, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned him and his position and asked him to marry Khadijah. So he married Khadijah and he slept and woke up conscious and denied that he had married him. So he said, "Where is your companion whom you claim I married?" Then the Prophet ﷺ appeared to him. When he looked at him, he said, "If I had married him, that is his right. And if I did not, then I have married him." And it was narrated from Al-Zuhri that the Prophet ﷺ married Khadijah in the time of ignorance and her father Khuwaylid bin Asad married her to him.  

كَلَّمَتْ أَخَاهُ فَكَلَّمَ أَبَاهُ وَقَدْ سُقِيَ خَمْرًا فَذَكَرَ لَهُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَمَكَانَهُ وَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهُ خَدِيجَةَ فَزَوَّجَهُ خَدِيجَةَ وَنَامَ ثُمَّ اسْتَيْقَظَ صَاحِيًا فَأَنْكَرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ زَوَّجَهُ فَقَالَ أَيْنَ صَاحِبُكُمُ الَّذِي تَزْعُمُونَ أَنِّي زَوَّجْتُهُ فَبَرَزَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ إِنْ كُنْتُ زَوَّجْتُهُ فَسَبِيلُ ذَلِكَ وَإِنْ لَمْ أَكُنْ فَعَلْتُ فَقَدْ زَوَّجْتُهُ وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تَزَوَّجَ خَدِيجَةَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَأَنْكَحَهُ إِيَّاهَا أَبُوهَا خُوَيْلِدُ بْنُ أَسَدٍ  

[Machine] When Khadijah bint Khuwaylid died, Khawlah bint Hakim, the wife of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , came to him and said, "O Messenger of Allah, why don't you get married?" He asked, "Who should I marry?" She replied, "If you wish, you can marry a virgin, and if you wish, you can marry a widow." He asked, "Who is the virgin and who is the widow?" She said, "As for the virgin, it is Aisha bint Abi Bakr, the most beloved creation to Allah, and as for the widow, it is Saudah bint Zam'ah, who has believed in you and followed you." He said, "Inform them for me." She said, "Then she went to Umm Rumman and said to her, 'O Umm Rumman, what has Allah brought upon you in terms of goodness and blessing?' She asked, 'And what is that?' Khawlah replied, 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned Aisha.' Umm Rumman said, 'Wait, for Abu Bakr is coming.' So Abu Bakr came and she mentioned it to him. He asked, 'Is she suitable for him, being the daughter of his brother?' She replied, 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said that he is his brother and also his brother's daughter is suitable for him.' She narrated the conversation until she said, 'Abu Bakr said to her, 'Tell the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that he may come.' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and asked for her hand in marriage.' Khawlah added, 'Then I went to Saudah, whose father was an old and noble man, and who had retired from attending the seasonal fairs. I greeted her with the greeting of the Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic times) and said, 'Good morning.' She asked, 'Who are you?' I replied, 'I am Khawlah bint Hakim.' She welcomed me and said, 'Ma sha Allah, what does she want?' I said, 'Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul-Muttalib has mentioned Saudah bint Zam'ah.' She said, 'What a generous and noble man! What did your companion say?' I replied, 'Yes, she loves him.' She said, 'Then tell him to come.' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and asked for her hand in marriage.' And the remaining part of the conversation is mentioned.  

لَمَّا مَاتَتْ خَدِيجَةُ بِنْتُ خُوَيْلِدٍ ؓ جَاءَتْ خَوْلَةُ بِنْتُ حَكِيمٍ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَلَا تَزَوَّجُ؟ قَالَ وَمَنْ؟ قَالَتْ إِنْ شِئْتَ بِكْرًا وَإِنْ شِئْتَ ثَيِّبًا قَالَ وَمَنِ الْبِكْرُ وَمَنِ الثَّيِّبُ؟ قَالَتْ أَمَّا الْبِكْرُ فَابْنَةُ أَحَبِّ خَلْقِ اللهِ إِلَيْكَ عَائِشَةُ بِنْتُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَأَمَّا الثَّيِّبُ فَسَوْدَةُ بِنْتُ زَمْعَةَ قَدْ آمَنَتْ بِكَ وَاتَّبَعَتْكَ قَالَ فَاذْكُرِيهِمَا لِي قَالَتْ فَأَتَتْ أُمَّ رُومَانَ فَقَالَتْ يَا أُمَّ رُومَانَ مَاذَا أَدْخَلَ اللهُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَالْبَرَكَةِ؟ قَالَتْ وَمَا ذَاكَ؟ قَالَتْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ذَكَرَ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ انْتَظِرِي فَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ آتٍ فَجَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ أَوَ تَصْلُحُ لَهُ وَهِيَ ابْنَةُ أَخِيهِ؟ قَالَتْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَا أَخُوهُ وَهُوَ أَخِي وَابْنَتُهُ تَصْلُحُ لِي فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ قُولِي لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَلْيَأْتِ قَالَ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَمُلِّكَهَا قَالَتْ خَوْلَةُ ثُمَّ انْطَلَقْتُ إِلَى سَوْدَةَ وَأَبُوهَا شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ قَدْ جَلَسَ عَنِ الْمَوَاسِمِ فَحَيَّيْتُهُ بِتَحِيَّةِ أَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَقُلْتُ أَنْعِمْ صَبَاحًا قَالَ مَنْ أَنْتِ؟ قُلْتُ خَوْلَةُ بِنْتُ حَكِيمٍ قَالَتْ فَرَحَّبَ بِي وَقَالَ مَا شَاءَ اللهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ قَالَتْ قُلْتُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ يَذْكُرُ سَوْدَةَ بِنْتَ زَمْعَةَ فَقَالَ كُفُوٌ كَرِيمٌ مَاذَا تَقُولُ صَاحِبَتُكِ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ تُحِبُّ قَالَ فَقُولِي لَهُ فَلْيَأْتِ قَالَتْ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَمُلِّكَهَا وَقَدِمَ عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ فَجَعَلَ يَحْثُو عَلَى رَأْسِهِ التُّرَابَ أَنْ تَزَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سَوْدَةَ وَذَكَرَ بَاقِيَ الْحَدِيثِ  

Hafsah bint 'Umar became the widow of Khunais or Hudhaifah bin Hudhafah - 'Abdur-Razzaq was not certain. He was one of the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ who were present at Badr, and he died in Madinah, I met 'Uthman bin ʿAffan and offered I Hafsah to him in marriage, I said: If you wish, I will marry Hafsah to you. He said: I will think about it. A few days passed, then he met me and said: I do not want to get married at present. 'Umar said: Then I met Abu Bakr and I said: If you wish, I will marry Hafsah the daughter of ‘Umar to you. He did not give any response to me, and I was more upset with him than with 'Uthman. A few days passed, then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ proposed marriage to her and he gave her in marriage to him. Abu Bakr met me and said: Perhaps you felt upset with me when you offered Hafsah to me in marriage and I did not give you any response? I said: Yes. He said: Nothing prevented me from giving you an answer when you offered her to me in marriage except that I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mention her and I did not want to disclose the private matters of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. If he had not married her, I would have married her. (Using translation from Aḥmad 74)   

أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ حِينَ تَأَيَّمَتْ حَفْصَةُ بِنْتُ عُمَرَ مِنْ خُنَيْسِ بْنِ حُذَافَةَ السَّهْمِيِّ وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا فَتُوُفِّيَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ عُمَرُ فَلَقِيتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ فَعَرَضْتُ عَلَيْهِ حَفْصَةَ فَقُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْكَحْتُكَ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ سَأَنْظُرُ فِي أَمْرِي فَلَبِثْتُ لَيَالِيَ ثُمَّ لَقِيَنِي فَقَالَ قَدْ بَدَا لِي أَنْ لَا أَتَزَوَّجَ يَوْمِي هَذَا قَالَ عُمَرُ فَلَقِيتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ فَقُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْكَحْتُكَ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتَ عُمَرَ فَصَمَتَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَلَمْ يَرْجِعْ إِلِيَّ شَيْئًا فَكُنْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَوْجَدَ مِنِّي عَلَى عُثْمَانَ فَلَبِثْتُ لَيَالِيَ ثُمَّ خَطَبَهَا إِلِيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَنْكَحْتُهَا إِيَّاهُ فَلَقِيَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ لَعَلَّكَ وَجَدْتَ عَلَيَّ حِينَ عَرَضْتَ عَلَيَّ حَفْصَةَ فَلَمْ أَرْجِعْ إِلَيْكَ شَيْئًا؟ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَمْنَعْنِي أَنْ أَرْجِعَ إِلَيْكَ فِيمَا عَرَضْتَ عَلَيَّ إِلَّا أَنِّي قَدْ كُنْتُ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ ذَكَرَ حَفْصَةَ فَلَمْ أَكُنْ لِأُفْشِيَ سِرَّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَوْ تَرَكَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَبِلْتُهَا  

[Machine] And he said, "I have treated you generously, O my wife, then divorced you, and now you come seeking her hand in marriage? No, by Allah, I will not remarry her." And the woman had decided to return to him, so Allah the Exalted revealed, "And when you divorce women and they have reached their term, do not prevent them from remarrying their [former] husbands" [Quran 2:232] until the end of the verse. Ma'qil responded, "Yes, I will marry her. The words of the everlasting hadith."  

وَقَالَ أَفْرَشْتُكَ كَرِيمَتِي ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتَهَا ثُمَّ جِئْتَ تَخْطُبُهَا لَا وَاللهِ لَا أُزَوِّجُكَهَا وَكَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ قَدْ هَوِيَتْ أَنْ تُرَاجِعَهُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى {وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ} [البقرة 232] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ مَعْقِلٌ نَعَمْ أُزَوِّجُكَهَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ خَالِدٍ  

(as regards the Verse): 'And about what is recited unto you in the Book, concerning orphan girls to whom you give not the prescribed portions and yet, whom you desire to marry.' (4.127) This Verse is about the female orphan who is under the guardianship of a man with whom she shares her property and he has more right over her (than anybody else) but does not like to marry her, so he prevents her, from marrying somebody else, lest he should share the property with him. (Using translation from Bukhārī 5128)   

ؓ {وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ} [النساء 127] قَالَتْ هَذِهِ الْيَتِيمَةُ تَكُونُ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ هُوَ وَلِيُّهَا لَعَلَّهَا تَكُونُ شَرِيكَتَهُ فِي مَالِهِ وَهُوَ أَوْلَى بِهَا فَيَرْغَبُ عَنْهَا أَنْ يَنْكِحَهَا وَيَعْضِلُهَا لِمَا لَهَا فَلَا يُنْكِحُهَا غَيْرَهُ كَرَاهِيَةَ أَنْ يَشْرَكَهُ أَحَدٌ فِي مَالِهِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever is afflicted with a calamity, let him say, 'Indeed, to Allah we belong and to Him we shall return. O Allah, I seek reward in my affliction and substitute me with something better than it.' When Abu Salamah died, I said these words, and whenever I sought a replacement for him, I would say, 'Replace me with something better than him.' I said to myself, who could be better than Abu Salamah? Then I said it again. When her waiting period was over, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Umar ibn Al-Khattab to propose to her. She said to her son, 'O Umar, get up and marry the Messenger of Allah ﷺ .' She mentioned the narration of Abu Abdullah but there is no mention of Umar ibn Al-Khattab or the waiting period. Rather, she said, 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ proposed to me and I said, there is no witness from among my guardians who would refuse him. He replied, 'There is no one among them, either present or absent, who would not be pleased with it.' So I said, 'O Umar, get up and marry the Messenger of Allah ﷺ .' The scholar (May Allah have mercy on him) mentioned that Umar ibn Abi Salamah was a relative of hers. This is because Umm Salamah is Hind bint Abi Umayyah ibn Al-Mughirah ibn Abdullah ibn Umar ibn Makhzum. And Umar is the son of Abu Salamah, whose name is Abdullah ibn Abdil-Asad ibn Hilal ibn Abdullah ibn Umar ibn Makhzum."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ أَصَابَتْهُ مُصِيبَةٌ فَلْيَقُلْ إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ اللهُمَّ عِنْدَكَ أَحْتَسِبُ مُصِيبَتِي فَأْجُرْنِي فِيهَا وَأَبْدِلْنِي بِهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلَمَّا مَاتَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ قُلْتُهَا فَجَعَلْتُ كُلَّمَا طَلَبْتُ أَبْدَلَنِي بِهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا قُلْتُ فِي نَفْسِي وَمَنْ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ؟ ثُمَّ قُلْتُهَا فَلَمَّا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا بَعَثَ إِلَيْهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ يَخْطُبُهَا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَتْ لِابْنِهَا يَا عُمَرُ قُمْ فَزَوِّجْ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَزَوَّجَهُ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ وَلَيْسَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيِّ ذِكْرُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ وَلَا ذِكْرُ الْعِدَّةِ وَلَكِنْ قَالَ قَالَتْ فَخَطَبَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَوْلِيَائِي شَاهِدٌ قَالَ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ شَاهِدٌ وَلَا غَائِبٌ إِلَّا سَيَرْضَى بِهِ فَقُلْتُ يَا عُمَرُ قُمْ فَزَوِّجْ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ كَانَ عَصَبَةً لَهَا وَذَاكَ لِأَنَّ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ هِيَ هِنْدُ بِنْتُ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَخْزُومٍ وَعُمَرُ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ اسْمُهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَسَدِ بْنِ هِلَالِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَخْزُومٍ