2. Sūrat al-Baqarah (4/6)

٢۔ سُورَةُ البَقَرَة ص ٤

The Cow (Medinan)

quran:2:151

Just as We have sent among you a messenger from yourselves reciting to you Our verses and purifying you and teaching you the Book and wisdom and teaching you that which you did not know.  

As also We have sent (this ˹verbal clause ka-mā arsalnā, ‘as We have sent’˺ is semantically connected to wali-utimma ˹of the previous verse˺, that is to say, ‘˹Also We have sent˺ by way of perfection’); as it ˹My grace˺ has been perfected by Our sending, among you, of yourselves, Muhammad (s), a messenger, to recite Our verses, the Qur’ān, to you and to purify you, to cleanse you from idolatry, and to teach you the Book, the Qur’ān, and wisdom, the rulings therein, and to teach you what you knew not.
القرآن:٢:١٥١

كَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا فِيكُمْ رَسُولًا مِنْكُمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْكُمْ آيَاتِنَا وَيُزَكِّيكُمْ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمْ مَا لَمْ تَكُونُوا تَعْلَمُونَ  

{كما أرسلنا} متعلق بأتم أي إتماما كإتمامها بإرسالنا {فيكم رسولا منكم} محمد {يتلو عليكم آياتنا} القرآن {ويزكيكم} يطهركم من الشرك {ويعلمكم الكتاب} القرآن {والحكمة} ما فيه من الأحكام {ويعلمكم ما لم تكونوا تعلمون}.
quran:2:152

So remember Me; I will remember you. And be grateful to Me and do not deny Me.  

So remember Me, through prayer, glorification and the like, I will remember you: this is said to mean, ‘I will reward you’; in a hadīth about God ˹that He says˺: ‘whoever remembers Me in himself, I will remember him in Myself, and whoever remembers Me in an assembly, I will remember him in an Assembly more excellent than his’; and be thankful to Me, for My grace, by being obedient, and be not ungrateful towards Me, through disobedience.
القرآن:٢:١٥٢

فَاذْكُرُونِي أَذْكُرْكُمْ وَاشْكُرُوا لِي وَلَا تَكْفُرُونِ  

{فاذكروني} بالصلاة والتسبيح ونحوه {أذكركم} قيل معناه أجازيكم وفي الحديث عن الله (من ذكرني في نفسه ذكرته في نفسي ومن ذكرني في ملأ ذكرته في ملأ خير من ملئه) {واشكروا لي} نعمتي بالطاعة {ولا تكفرون} بالمعصية.
quran:2:153

O you who have believed, seek help through patience and prayer. Indeed, Allah is with the patient.  

O you who believe, seek help, regarding the Hereafter, through patience, in obedience and afflictions, and prayer (He singles it out for mention on account of its frequency and its greatness); surely God is with the patient, helping them.
القرآن:٢:١٥٣

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اسْتَعِينُوا بِالصَّبْرِ وَالصَّلَاةِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا استعينوا} على الآخرة {بالصبر} على الطاعة والبلاء {والصلاة} خصها بالذكر لتكررها وعظمها {إن الله مع الصابرين} بالعون.
quran:2:154

And do not say about those who are killed in the way of Allah, "They are dead." Rather, they are alive, but you perceive ˹it˺ not.  

And say not of those slain in God’s way, that, ‘They are dead’; rather they are living, their spirits are, according to a hadīth, contained in green birds that take wing freely wherever they wish in Paradise; but you are not aware, ˹but you˺ do not know their condition.
القرآن:٢:١٥٤

وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ يُقْتَلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَاتٌ ۚ بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ وَلَٰكِنْ لَا تَشْعُرُونَ  

{ولا تقولوا لمن يقتل في سبيل الله} هم {أموات بل} هم {أحياء} أرواحهم في حواصل طيور خضر تسرح في الجنة حيث شاءت لحديث بذلك {ولكن لا تشعرون} تعلمون ما هم فيه.
quran:2:155

And We will surely test you with something of fear and hunger and a loss of wealth and lives and fruits, but give good tidings to the patient,  

Surely We will try you with something of fear, of an enemy, and hunger, by way of drought, and diminution of goods, as a result of destruction, and lives, as a result of slaughter, death and disease, and fruits, by way of crop damage: that is to say, We will try you to see if you practise patience or not; yet give good tidings, of Paradise, to the patient, during calamities;
القرآن:٢:١٥٥

وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُمْ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْخَوْفِ وَالْجُوعِ وَنَقْصٍ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْأَنْفُسِ وَالثَّمَرَاتِ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ الصَّابِرِينَ  

{ولنبلونكم بشيء من الخوف} للعدو {والجوع} القحط {ونقص من الأموال} بالهلاك {والأنفس} بالقتل والموت والأمراض {والثمرات} بالحوائج أي لنختبرنكم فننظر أتصبرون أم لا {وبشر الصابرين} على البلاء بالجنة.
quran:2:156

Who, when disaster strikes them, say, "Indeed we belong to Allah, and indeed to Him we will return."  

those who, when they are struck by an affliction, a calamity, say, ‘Surely we belong to God, we are His possession and servants, with whom He does as He pleases; and to Him we will return’, in the Hereafter, whereupon He will requite us: in one hadīth ˹it is said that˺, ‘whoever pronounces the istirjā‘ ˹sc. the formula ‘surely we belong to God and to Him we will return’˺ when an affliction befalls him, God will reward him and compensate him with what is better’. Similarly, it is said that on one occasion when his lamp blew out, the Prophet (s) uttered the istirjā‘, whereupon ‘Ā’isha said to him, saying: ‘But, it is just a lamp’, to which he replied, ‘Whatever bothers a believer is an affliction ˹of sorts˺’: this is reported by Abū Dāwūd in his ˹section on˺ mursal reports.
القرآن:٢:١٥٦

الَّذِينَ إِذَا أَصَابَتْهُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَالُوا إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ  

هم {الذين إذا أصابتهم مصيبة} بلاء {قالوا إنا لله} ملكا وعبيدا يفعل بنا ما يشاء {وإنا إليه راجعون} في الآخرة فيجازينا وفي الحديث (من استرجع عند المصيبة أجره الله فيها وأخلف الله عليه خيرا) وفيه أن مصباح النبي ﷺ طفئ فاسترجع فقالت عائشة: إنما هذا مصباح فقال: (كل ما أساء المؤمن فهو مصيبة) رواه أبو داود في مراسيله.
quran:2:157

Those are the ones upon whom are blessings from their Lord and mercy. And it is those who are the ˹rightly˺ guided.  

Upon those rest blessings, forgiveness, and mercy, grace, from their Lord, and those — they are the truly guided, to rectitude.
القرآن:٢:١٥٧

أُولَٰئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَلَوَاتٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُهْتَدُونَ  

{أولئك عليهم صلوات} مغفرة {من ربهم ورحمة} نعمة {وأولئك هم المهتدون} إلى الصواب.
quran:2:158

Indeed, as-Safa and al-Marwah are among the symbols of Allah. So whoever makes Hajj to the House or performs 'umrah - there is no blame upon him for walking between them. And whoever volunteers good - then indeed, Allah is appreciative and Knowing.  

Truly Safā and Marwa, two mountains near Mecca, are among the waymarks (sha‘ā’ir, plural of sha‘īra) of God, the ˹ritual˺ ceremonies of His religion, so whoever makes the Pilgrimage to the House, or the Visitation, that is, whoever prepares to perform the Pilgrimage ˹hajj˺ or the Visitation ˹‘umra˺: the original sense of both terms ˹hajja and i‘tamara˺ is ‘to aim for’ and ‘to visit’, respectively; he would not be at fault, ˹it would not be˺ a sin, if he circumambulates them (the original tā’ ˹of yatatawwafa, ‘circumambulate’˺ has been assimilated with the tā’), by pacing quickly (sa‘y) between them seven times: this was revealed when the Muslims were averse to this ˹circumambulation˺, because the pagan Arabs used to circumambulate them, and there was an idol atop each mountain which they used to stroke. It is reported from Ibn ‘Abbās that this pacing ˹between the two˺ is not obligatory, based on the fact that when no sin can be incurred, the context implies free choice. Al-Shāfi‘ī and others, however, considered it to be a pillar ˹of the Pilgrimage rituals˺. The Prophet made clear its obligatory aspect when he said that, ‘God has prescribed for you the pacing ˹sa‘y˺’, as reported by al-Bayhaqī and others; and he ˹the Prophet˺ also said, ‘Begin with what God has begun’, meaning, al-Safā, as reported by Muslim; and whoever volunteers (tatawwa‘a: a variant reading is yattawa‘, the ta’ here being assimilated) good, that is, any good deed such as circumambulation or other, that is not obligatory on him; God is Grateful, for such a deed and rewards that person for it, Knowing, it.
القرآن:٢:١٥٨

إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ ۖ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا ۚ وَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَاكِرٌ عَلِيمٌ  

(إن الصفا والمروة) جبلان بمكة (من شعائر الله) أعلام دينه جمع شعيرة (فمن حج البيت أو اعتمر) أي تلبس بالحج أو العمرة وأصلهما القصد والزيارة (فلا جناح عليه) إثم عليه (أن يطوف) فيه إدغام التاء في الأصل في الطاء (بهما) بأن يسعى بينهما سبعا، نزلت لما كره المسلمون ذلك لأن أهل الجاهلية كانوا يطوفون بهما وعليهما صنمان يمسحونهما، وعن ابن عباس أن السعي غير فرض لما أفاده رفع الإثم من التخيير وقال الشافعي وغيره ركن، وبين ﷺ فرضيته بقوله "" إن الله كتب عليكم السعي "" رواه البيهقي وغيره "" وقال ابدءوا بما بدأ الله به "" يعني الصفا رواه مسلم (ومن تطوع) وفي قراءة بالتحتية وتشديد الطاء مجزوما وفيه إدغام التاء فيها (خيرا) أي بخير أي عمل ما لم يجب عليه من طواف وغيره (فإن الله شاكر) لعمله بالإثابة عليه (عليم) به.
quran:2:159

Indeed, those who conceal what We sent down of clear proofs and guidance after We made it clear for the people in the Scripture - those are cursed by Allah and cursed by those who curse,  

The following was revealed concerning the Jews: Those who conceal, from people, the clear proofs and the guidance that We have revealed, such as the ‘stoning’ verse and the description of Muhammad (s), after We have shown them clearly in the Scripture, the Torah — they shall be cursed by God, that is, He will move them far away from His mercy, and by the cursers, the angels, believers, or by every single thing, when they supplicate that they be cursed.
القرآن:٢:١٥٩

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَ مَا أَنْزَلْنَا مِنَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَالْهُدَىٰ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا بَيَّنَّاهُ لِلنَّاسِ فِي الْكِتَابِ ۙ أُولَٰئِكَ يَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّهُ وَيَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّاعِنُونَ  

ونزل في اليهود: {إن الذين يكتمون} الناس {ما أنزلنا من البينات والهدى} كآية الرجم ونعت محمد {من بعد ما بيَّناه للناس في الكتاب} التوراة {أولئك يلعنهم الله} يبعدهم من رحمته {ويلعنهم اللاعنون} الملائكة والمؤمنون أو كل شيء بالدعاء عليهم باللعنة.
quran:2:160

Except for those who repent and correct themselves and make evident ˹what they concealed˺. Those - I will accept their repentance, and I am the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful.  

Except those that repent, turning back from such ˹deeds˺, and make amends, in their actions, and show clearly, what they were concealing — them I shall turn ˹relenting˺, accepting their repentance; I am the Relenting, the Merciful, to believers.
القرآن:٢:١٦٠

إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا وَأَصْلَحُوا وَبَيَّنُوا فَأُولَٰئِكَ أَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ وَأَنَا التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ  

{إلا الذين تابوا} رجعوا عن ذلك {وأصلحوا} عملهم {وبيَّنوا} ما كتموا {فأولئك أتوب عليهم} أقبل توبتهم {وأنا التواب الرحيم} بالمؤمنين.
quran:2:161

Indeed, those who disbelieve and die while they are disbelievers - upon them will be the curse of Allah and of the angels and the people, all together,  

But those who disbelieve, and die disbelieving (wa-hum kuffār, ‘they being disbelievers’, is a circumstantial qualifier) — upon them shall be the curse of God and the angels, and of people altogether, that is, they deserve such ˹a curse˺ in this life and in the next; ‘people’ here is said to be either ˹people˺ in general, or believers.
القرآن:٢:١٦١

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ أُولَٰئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ  

{إن الذين كفروا وماتوا وهم كفار} حال {أولئك عليهم لعنة الله والملائكة والناس أجمعين} أي هم مستحقون ذلك في الدنيا والآخرة. والناس قيل: عام. وقيل: المؤمنون.
quran:2:162

Abiding eternally therein. The punishment will not be lightened for them, nor will they be reprieved.  

Abiding therein, that is, ˹in˺ the curse and the Fire, ˹the latter˺ indicated by the following words: the chastisement shall not be lightened for them, ˹not even for˺ a blink of an eye, no respite shall be given them, in which to have time to repent or to excuse themselves.
القرآن:٢:١٦٢

خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۖ لَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَلَا هُمْ يُنْظَرُونَ  

{خالدين فيها} أي اللعنة والنار المدلول بها عليها {لا يخفف عنهم العذاب} طرفة عين {ولا هم ينظرون} يمهلون لتوبة أو معذرة.
quran:2:163

And your god is one God. There is no deity ˹worthy of worship˺ except Him, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.  

When they asked him ˹Muhammad (s)˺ to describe his Lord, the following was revealed: Your God, the One deserving of your worship, is One God, without any equal in either essence or attribute; there is no god except Him, He is the Compassionate, the Merciful.
القرآن:٢:١٦٣

وَإِلَٰهُكُمْ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ ۖ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ الرَّحِيمُ  

ونزل لما قالوا صف لنا ربك: {وإلهكم} المستحق للعبادة منكم {إِلهٌ واحد} لا نظير له في ذاته ولا في صفاته {لا إلهَ إلا هو} هو {الرحمن الرحيم} وطلبوا آيه على ذلك فنزل.
quran:2:164

Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and earth, and the alternation of the night and the day, and the ˹great˺ ships which sail through the sea with that which benefits people, and what Allah has sent down from the heavens of rain, giving life thereby to the earth after its lifelessness and dispersing therein every ˹kind of˺ moving creature, and ˹His˺ directing of the winds and the clouds controlled between the heaven and the earth are signs for a people who use reason.  

They then asked for a sign to prove this, and the following was revealed: Surely in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the marvels contained in them, and the alternation of the night and day, passing and returning, increasing and diminishing, and the ships that run in the sea, and do not become cracked and sink, with what profits men, of trade and merchandise, and the water, the rain, God sends down from the heaven with which He revives the earth, with vegetation, after it is dead, after it has dried out, and He scatters abroad in it all manner of crawling thing, by dividing them and spreading them throughout on account of the vegetation, for they thrive on the fertile pastures it produces; and the disposition of the winds, changing it from south to north, from cold to warm, and the clouds compelled, subjugated by God’s command, moving to wherever God wishes, between heaven and the earth, without being attached ˹to either of the two˺ — surely there are signs, indicating His Oneness, exalted be He, for a people who comprehend, ˹a people˺ who contemplate.
القرآن:٢:١٦٤

إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَالْفُلْكِ الَّتِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِمَا يَنْفَعُ النَّاسَ وَمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مِنْ مَاءٍ فَأَحْيَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ وَتَصْرِيفِ الرِّيَاحِ وَالسَّحَابِ الْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ  

إن في خلق السماوات والأرض} وما فيهما من العجائب {واختلاف الليل والنهار} بالذهاب والمجيء والزيادة والنقصان {والفلك} السفن {التي تجري في البحر} ولا ترسب موقرة {بما ينفع الناس} من التجارات والحمل {وما أنزل الله من السماء من ماء} مطر {فأحيا به الأرض} بالنبات {بعد موتها} يبسها {وبث} فرق ونشربه {فيها من كل دابة} لأنهم ينمون بالخصب الكائن عنه {وتصريف الرياح} تقليبها جنوبا وشمالا حارة وباردة {والسحاب} الغيم {المسخَّر} المذلَّل بأمر الله تعالى يسير إلى حيث شاء الله {بين السماء والأرض} بلا علاقة {لآيات} دالاّت على وحدانيته تعالى {لقوم يعقلون} يتدبرون.
quran:2:165

And ˹yet˺, among the people are those who take other than Allah as equals ˹to Him˺. They love them as they ˹should˺ love Allah. But those who believe are stronger in love for Allah. And if only they who have wronged would consider ˹that˺ when they see the punishment, ˹they will be certain˺ that all power belongs to Allah and that Allah is severe in punishment.  

Yet there be people who take to themselves compeers, idols, besides God, that is, other than God, loving them, by magnifying them and being subservient to them, as God is loved, that is, as their love of Him; but those who believe love God more ardently, than those who love their compeers, because the former never reject God, whereas the latter when faced with hardship soon abandon those ˹compeers˺ for God; If he, ˹if you˺ O Muhammad (s), were to see those who did evil, by taking to themselves compeers, when (idh here denotes idhā) they see (read either as active ˹yarawna, ‘they see’˺ or passive ˹yurawna, ‘they are made to see’˺) the chastisement, you would see a grave sight, that, this is because, the might, the power and the vanquishing, altogether (a circumstantial qualifier) belongs to God, and that God is terrible in chastisement (according to one reading, the person listening ˹to the verse˺ governs the verb yarā, ‘he sees’, and constitutes the subject ˹of the clause˺; according to another ˹reading˺, it is the ‘evildoers’ ˹who constitute the subject of the clause and govern the verb yarā˺; and so it ˹yarā˺ has the sense of ya‘lam, ‘he knows’; the particle an, ‘that’, and what comes after it have taken the place of the objects in both cases; the response to the ˹initial conditional˺ law, ‘if’, has been omitted). The general meaning ˹of the verse˺ then is: ‘If they were aware in this world of the severity of God’s chastisement and of the fact that power is God’s alone, the moment they come to see it with their own eyes, on the Day of Resurrection, they would not take to themselves compeers’.
القرآن:٢:١٦٥

وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَتَّخِذُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَنْدَادًا يُحِبُّونَهُمْ كَحُبِّ اللَّهِ ۖ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَشَدُّ حُبًّا لِلَّهِ ۗ وَلَوْ يَرَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا إِذْ يَرَوْنَ الْعَذَابَ أَنَّ الْقُوَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًا وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعَذَابِ  

{ومن الناس من يتخذ من دون الله} أي غيره {أندادا} أصناما {يحبونهم} بالتعظيم والخضوع {كحب الله} أي كحبهم له {والذين آمنوا أشد حبا لله} من حبهم للأنداد لأنهم لا يعدلون عنه بحال ما، والكفار يعدلون في الشدة إلى الله {ولو يرى} تبصر يا محمد {الذين ظلموا} باتخاذ الأنداد {إذ يرون} بالبناء للفاعل والمفعول به يبصرون {العذاب} لرأيت أمرا عظيما وإذا بمعني إذا {أن} أي لأن {القوة} القدرة والغلبة {لله جميعا} حال {وأن الله شديد العذاب} وفي قراءة ترى والفاعل ضمير السامع، وقيل الذين ظلموا وهي بمعني يعلم وأن وما بعدها سدت مسد المفعولين وجواب لو محذوف والمعنى لو علموا في الدنيا شدة عذاب الله وأن القدرة لله وحده وقت معاينتهم له وهو يوم القيامة لما اتخذوا من دونه أندادا.
quran:2:166

˹And they should consider that˺ when those who have been followed disassociate themselves from those who followed ˹them˺, and they ˹all˺ see the punishment, and cut off from them are the ties ˹of relationship˺,  

When (idh here substitutes for the previous idh) those who were followed, that is, the leaders, disown their followers, that is to say, ˹when˺ they have denied misleading them ˹the latter˺, and they have seen the chastisement, and the cords, the bonds of affection and kinship that were between them on earth, are cut away before them, from them (taqatta‘at, ‘cut away’, is a supplement to tabarra’a, ‘disown’).
القرآن:٢:١٦٦

إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الْأَسْبَابُ  

{إذ} بدل من إذ قبله {تبرَّأ الذين اتُبعوا} أي الرؤساء {من الذين اتَّبعوا} أي أنكروا إضلالهم {و} قد {رأوا العذاب وتقطعت} عطف تبرأ {بهم} عنهم {الأسباب} الوصل التي كانت بينهم في الدنيا من الأرحام والمودة.
quran:2:167

Those who followed will say, "If only we had another turn ˹at worldly life˺ so we could disassociate ourselves from them as they have disassociated themselves from us." Thus will Allah show them their deeds as regrets upon them. And they are never to emerge from the Fire.  

And those who followed say, ‘O, if only we might return again, to the world, and disown them, the ones who had been followed, as they have disowned us!’, on this day (the particle law, ‘if only’, is an optative, and its response is natabarra’a, ‘we disown’). So, just as He showed them the severity of His chastisement and their disowning of one another, so too, God shall show them their, evil, works, as, anguish (hasarāt is a circumstantial qualifier), regrets, for them! Never shall they exit from the Fire, once they have entered it.
القرآن:٢:١٦٧

وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا لَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةً فَنَتَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُمْ كَمَا تَبَرَّءُوا مِنَّا ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُرِيهِمُ اللَّهُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ حَسَرَاتٍ عَلَيْهِمْ ۖ وَمَا هُمْ بِخَارِجِينَ مِنَ النَّارِ  

{وقال الذين اتَّبعوا لو أن لنا كرَّة} رجعة إلى الدنيا {فنتبرَّأ منهم} أي المتبوعين {كما تبرءوا منا} اليوم ولو للتمني ونتبرأ جوابه {كذلك} أي كما أراهم شدة عذابه وتبرأ بعضهم من بعض {يريهم الله أعمالهم} السيئة {حسرات} حال ندامات {عليهم وما هم بخارجين من النار} بعد دخولها.
quran:2:168

O mankind, eat from whatever is on earth ˹that is˺ lawful and good and do not follow the footsteps of Satan. Indeed, he is to you a clear enemy.  

The following was revealed when some said that it was unlawful to take a camel that has been let loose (sawā’ib): O people, eat of what is in the earth, lawful (halālan is a circumstantial qualifier) and wholesome (tayyiban is an adjective for emphasis), that is to say, what is delicious; and follow not the steps, the ways, of Satan, meaning, what he embellishes ˹of temptations˺; he is a manifest foe to you, whose enmity is clear;
القرآن:٢:١٦٨

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ كُلُوا مِمَّا فِي الْأَرْضِ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ ۚ إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ  

ونزل فيمن حرَّم السوائب ونحوها: {يا أيها الناس كلوا مما في الأرض حلالا} حال {طيبا} صفة مؤكدة أي مستلذاً {ولا تتبعوا خطوات} طرق {الشيطان} أي تزيينه {إنه لكم عدو مبين} بَيِّنُ العداوة.
quran:2:169

He only orders you to evil and immorality and to say about Allah what you do not know.  

he only commands you to evil, sin, and indecency, what is abhorred by the Law, and that you should speak against God what you do not know, such as forbidding what He has not forbidden and otherwise.
القرآن:٢:١٦٩

إِنَّمَا يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالسُّوءِ وَالْفَحْشَاءِ وَأَنْ تَقُولُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ  

{إنما يأمركم بالسوء} الإثم {والفحشاء} القبيح شرعا {وأن تقولوا على الله ما لا تعلمون} من تحريم ما لم يحرم وغيره.
quran:2:170

And when it is said to them, "Follow what Allah has revealed," they say, "Rather, we will follow that which we found our fathers doing." Even though their fathers understood nothing, nor were they guided?  

And when it is said to them, the disbelievers, ‘Follow what God has revealed’, pertaining to affirmation of God’s Oneness and the good things that He has made lawful, they say, ‘No; but we follow what we found our fathers doing’, in the way of idol-worship, deeming unlawful the camel let loose, and ˹practising˺ the slitting of the camel’s ear (sc. bahīra). God says: What? (the hamza ˹of a-wa-law˺ is for repudiation), do they follow them, Even if their fathers do not understand anything, concerning religion, and they were not guided?, to the truth.
القرآن:٢:١٧٠

وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمُ اتَّبِعُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ قَالُوا بَلْ نَتَّبِعُ مَا أَلْفَيْنَا عَلَيْهِ آبَاءَنَا ۗ أَوَلَوْ كَانَ آبَاؤُهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَهْتَدُونَ  

{وإذا قيل لهم} أي الكفار {اتبعوا ما أنزل الله} من التوحيد وتحليل الطيبات {قالوا} لا {بل نتبع ما ألفينا} وجدنا {عليه آباءنا} من عبادة الأصنام وتحريم السوائب والبحائر قال تعالى: {أ} يتبعونهم {وَلو كان آباؤهم لا يعقلون شيئا} من أمر الدين {ولا يهتدون} إلى الحق والهمزةُ للإنكار.
quran:2:171

The example of those who disbelieve is like that of one who shouts at what hears nothing but calls and cries cattle or sheep - deaf, dumb and blind, so they do not understand.  

The likeness, the attribute, of those who disbelieve, and the one who calls them to guidance, is as the likeness of one who shouts to that which hears nothing, save a call and a cry, only a sound, not understanding its meaning: when they listen to an admonition they are like cattle that hear the cry of their shepherd but do not understand what he is saying; they are deaf, dumb, blind — they do not comprehend, any admonition.
القرآن:٢:١٧١

وَمَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي يَنْعِقُ بِمَا لَا يَسْمَعُ إِلَّا دُعَاءً وَنِدَاءً ۚ صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ  

{ومثل} صفة {الذين كفروا} ومن يدعوهم إلى الهدي {كمثل الذي ينعق} يصوت {بما لا يسمع إلا دعاءً ونداءً} أي صوتا ولا يفهم معناه أي في سماع الموعظة وعدم تدبرها كالبهائم تسمع صوت راعيها ولا تفهمه، هم {صمٌ بكمٌ عميٌ فهم لا يعقلون} الموعظة.
quran:2:172

O you who have believed, eat from the good things which We have provided for you and be grateful to Allah if it is ˹indeed˺ Him that you worship.  

O you who believe, eat of the good things, that are lawful, wherewith We have provided you, and give thanks to God, for what He has made lawful for you, if it be Him that you worship.
القرآن:٢:١٧٢

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ وَاشْكُرُوا لِلَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ إِيَّاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا كلوا من طيِّبات} حلالات {ما رزقناكم واشكروا لله} على ما أحل لكم {إن كنتم إياه تعبدون}.
quran:2:173

He has only forbidden to you dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated to other than Allah. But whoever is forced ˹by necessity˺, neither desiring ˹it˺ nor transgressing ˹its limit˺, there is no sin upon him. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.  

He has only forbidden you: carrion, that is, the consumption of it, since this is the subject of the general address here, and similarly ˹the consumption of˺ what follows, ˹all of˺ which is what has not been slaughtered in accordance with ˹prescriptions of˺ the Law; to this the Sunna adds ˹as also constituting carrion˺ what has been severed from a living creature. A special status is, however, accorded fish and locusts; blood, poured forth, as in ˹sūrat˺ al-An‘ām ˹see Q. 6:145˺, the flesh of swine, the meat is singled out for mention because that ˹part˺ is what people mostly seek, every other ˹part˺ being implied thereby; what has been hallowed to other than God, that is to say, what has been slaughtered in other than His Name (al-ihlāl is the raising of one’s voice, which they used to do when sacrificing for their gods). Yet whoever is constrained, forced by dire need to eat of the above-mentioned, not desiring, to rebel against Muslims, nor transgressing, committing aggression against them by waylaying them, no sin shall be on him, for eating it. God is Forgiving, to His friends, Merciful, to those who are obedient to Him, for He has granted them wide berth in this matter. The aggressor and the transgressor are excluded from this ˹dispensation˺, and to these two ˹categories˺ one should also add every person that sets out on a journey in disobedience, such as the fugitive or the excise collector, for whom it would be unlawful to eat any of the mentioned, unless they repent ˹of their disobedience˺; this is the opinion of al-Shāfi‘ī.
القرآن:٢:١٧٣

إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةَ وَالدَّمَ وَلَحْمَ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ بِهِ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ ۖ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ  

{إنما حرم عليكم الميتة} أي أكلها إذا الكلام فيه وكذا ما بعدها وهي ما لم يذك شرعا، وألحق بها بالسنة ما أبين من حيِّ وخُص منها السمك والجراد {والدم} أي المسفوح كما في الأنعام {ولحم الخنزير} خص اللحم لأنه معظم المقصود وغيره تبع له {وما أهل به لغير الله} أي ذبح على اسم غيره والإهلال رفع الصوت وكانوا يرفعونه عند الذبح لآلهتهم {فمن اضطر} أي ألجأته الضرورة إلى أكل شيء مما ذكر فأكله {غير باغ} خارج على المسلمين {ولا عاد} متعد عليهم بقطع الطريق {فلا إثم عليه} في أكله {إن الله غفور} لأوليائه {رحيم} بأهل طاعته حيث وسع لهم في ذلك وخرج الباغي والعادي ويلحق بهما كل عاص بسفره كالآبق والماكس فلا يحل لهم أكل شيء من ذلك ما لم يتوبوا وعليه الشافعي.
quran:2:174

Indeed, they who conceal what Allah has sent down of the Book and exchange it for a small price - those consume not into their bellies except the Fire. And Allah will not speak to them on the Day of Resurrection, nor will He purify them. And they will have a painful punishment.  

Those who conceal what God has revealed of the Scripture, comprising all the descriptions of Muhammad (s), meaning the Jews, and sell it for a little price, in this world, taking this ˹little price˺ in its place from the debased ones among them, for fear of losing out if they were to manifest it ˹sc. the truth of Muhammad (s)˺ — they shall consume nothing in their bellies but the Fire, because that is their journey’s end; God shall not speak to them on the Day of Resurrection, out of anger with them, neither purify them, from the filth of sin; and theirs is a painful chastisement, that is, the Fire.
القرآن:٢:١٧٤

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَيَشْتَرُونَ بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا ۙ أُولَٰئِكَ مَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ إِلَّا النَّارَ وَلَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ  

{إن الذين يكتمون ما أنزل الله من الكتاب} المشتمل على نعت محمد ﷺ وهم اليهود {ويشترون به ثمنا قليلا} من الدنيا يأخذونه بدله من سفلتهم فلا يظهرونه خوف فوته عليهم {أولئك ما يأكلون في بطونهم إلا النار} لأنها مآلهم {ولا يكلمهم الله يوم القيامة} غضبا عليهم {ولا يزكيهم} يطهرهم من دنس الذنوب {ولهم عذاب اليم} مؤلم هو النار.
quran:2:175

Those are the ones who have exchanged guidance for error and forgiveness for punishment. How patient they are in pursuit of the Fire!  

Those are they that have bought error at the price of guidance, taking the former in place of the latter in this world, and chastisement at the price of pardon, ˹the pardon˺ that would have been prepared for them in the Hereafter, had they not concealed this matter; what makes them so patient for the Fire?, that is, how great is the extent of their patience? This ˹statement˺ is intended to provoke amazement in the believers at the way in which they ˹the disbelievers˺ commit sins that necessitate their punishment in the Fire with complete indifference. In reality they would have no patience whatever ˹to endure the Fire˺.
القرآن:٢:١٧٥

أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الضَّلَالَةَ بِالْهُدَىٰ وَالْعَذَابَ بِالْمَغْفِرَةِ ۚ فَمَا أَصْبَرَهُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ  

{أولئك الذين اشتروا الضلالة بالهدى} آخذوها بدله في الدنيا {والعذاب بالمغفرة} المعدة لهم في الآخرة لو لم يكتموا {فما أصبرهم على النار} أي ما أشد صبرهم وهو تعجب للمؤمنين من ارتكابهم موجباتها من غير مبالاة وإلا فأيُّ صبر لهم.
quran:2:176

That is ˹deserved by them˺ because Allah has sent down the Book in truth. And indeed, those who differ over the Book are in extreme dissension.  

That, which has been mentioned of their eating of the Fire and what follows it, is because God has revealed the Book with the truth, but they are at variance regarding it, believing in parts of it while disbelieving in others, and concealing them; and those that are at variance regarding the Book, concerning this matter, namely, the Jews — although it is said that these are the idolaters some of whom said, with regard to the Qur’ān, that it was poetry, others, that it was sorcery, and others still, that it was divination — are in schism, disagreement, far removed, from the truth.
القرآن:٢:١٧٦

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ نَزَّلَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ ۗ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْكِتَابِ لَفِي شِقَاقٍ بَعِيدٍ  

{ذلك} الذي ذكر من أكلهم النار وما بعده {بأن} بسبب أن {الله نزَّل الكتاب بالحق} متعلق بنزل فاختلفوا فيه حيث آمنوا ببعضه وكفروا ببعضه بكتمه {وإن الذين اختلفوا في الكتاب} بذلك وهم اليهود وقيل المشركون في القرآن حيث قال بعضهم شعر وبعضهم سحر وبعضهم كهانة {لفي شقاق} خلاف {بعيد} عن الحق.
quran:2:177

Righteousness is not that you turn your faces toward the east or the west, but ˹true˺ righteousness is ˹in˺ one who believes in Allah, the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the prophets and gives wealth, in spite of love for it, to relatives, orphans, the needy, the traveler, those who ask ˹for help˺, and for freeing slaves; ˹and who˺ establishes prayer and gives zakah; ˹those who˺ fulfill their promise when they promise; and ˹those who˺ are patient in poverty and hardship and during battle. Those are the ones who have been true, and it is those who are the righteous.  

It is not piety, that you turn your faces, in prayer, to the East and to the West. This was revealed in response to the claim made by the Jews and the Christians to this effect. True piety, that is, the pious person (al-birr, is also read al-barr, in the sense of al-bārr ˹‘the dutiful person’˺) is ˹that of˺ the one who believes in God and the Last Day and the angels and the Book, that is, the scriptures, and the prophets, and who gives of his substance, however, despite ˹it being˺, cherished, by him, to kinsmen and orphans and the needy and the traveller and beggars, and for, the setting free of, slaves, both the captive and the one to be manumitted by contract; and who observes prayer and pays the alms, that are obligatory, and what was ˹given˺ before ˹alms were made obligatory˺, in the way of charity; and those who fulfil their covenant when they have engaged in a covenant, with God or with others, those who endure with fortitude (al-sābirīna is the accusative of laudation) misfortune (al-ba’sā’ is abject poverty), hardship, illness, and peril, at the height of a battle in the way of God; these, described in the way mentioned, are the ones who are truthful, in their faith and in their claims to piety, and these are the ones who are fearful, of God.
القرآن:٢:١٧٧

لَيْسَ الْبِرَّ أَنْ تُوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ قِبَلَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ وَلَٰكِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْكِتَابِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ وَآتَى الْمَالَ عَلَىٰ حُبِّهِ ذَوِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ وَالسَّائِلِينَ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَى الزَّكَاةَ وَالْمُوفُونَ بِعَهْدِهِمْ إِذَا عَاهَدُوا ۖ وَالصَّابِرِينَ فِي الْبَأْسَاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ وَحِينَ الْبَأْسِ ۗ أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُتَّقُونَ  

{ليس البر أن تولوا وجوهكم} في الصلاة {قبل المشرق والمغرب} نزل ردا على اليهود والنصارى حيث زعموا ذلك {ولكن البرَّ} أي ذا البر وقرئ بفتح الباء أي البار {من آمن بالله واليوم الآخر والملائكة والكتاب} أي الكتب {والنبيين و آتى المال على} مع {حبه} له {ذوي القربى} القرابة {واليتامى والمساكين وابن السبيل} المسافر {والسائلين} الطالبين {وفي} فك {الرقاب} المكاتبين والأسرى {وأقام الصلاة وآتى الزكاة} المفروضة وما قبله في التطوع {والموفون بعهدهم إذا عاهدوا} الله أو الناس {والصابرين} نصب على المدح {في البأساء} شدة الفقر {والضراء} المرض {وحين البأس} وقت شدة القتال في سبيل الله {أولئك} الموصوفون بما ذكر {الذين صدقوا} في إيمانهم أو ادعاء البر {وأولئك هم المتقون} الله.
quran:2:178

O you who have believed, prescribed for you is legal retribution for those murdered - the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female. But whoever overlooks from his brother anything, then there should be a suitable follow-up and payment to him with good conduct. This is an alleviation from your Lord and a mercy. But whoever transgresses after that will have a painful punishment.  

O you who believe, prescribed, made obligatory, for you is retaliation, on equal terms, regarding the slain, both in the attributes ˹of the one slain˺ and in the action involved; a free man, is killed, for a free man, and not for a slave; and a slave for a slave, and a female for a female. The Sunna makes it clear that a male may be killed ˹in retaliation˺ for a female, and that religious affiliation should be taken into account also, so that a Muslim cannot be killed in return for an disbeliever, even if the former be a slave and the latter a free man. But if anything, of the blood, is pardoned any one, of those who have slain, in relation to his brother, the one slain, so that the retaliation is waived (the use of the indefinite shay’un, ‘anything’, here implies the waiving of retaliation through a partial pardon by the inheritors ˹of the slain˺; the mention of akhīh ˹‘his brother’˺ is intended as a conciliatory entreaty to pardon and a declaration that killing should not sever the bonds of religious brotherhood; the particle man, ‘any one’, is the subject of a conditional or a relative clause, of which the predicate is ˹the following, fa’ittibā‘un˺) let the pursuing, that is, the action of the one who has pardoned in pursuing the killer, be honourable, demanding the blood money without force. The fact that the ‘pursuing’ results from the ‘pardoning’ implies that one of the two ˹actions˺ is a duty, which is one of al-Shāfi‘ī’s two opinions here. The other ˹opinion˺ is that retaliation is the duty, whereas the blood money is merely compensation ˹for non-retaliation˺, so that if one were to pardon but not name his blood money, then nothing ˹happens˺; and this ˹latter˺ is the preferred ˹opinion˺. And let the payment, of the blood money by the slayer, to him, the pardoner, that is, the one inheriting ˹from the slain˺, be with kindliness, without procrastination or fraud; that, stipulation mentioned here about the possibility of retaliation and the forgoing of this in return for blood money, is an alleviation, a facilitation, given, to you, by your Lord, and a mercy, for you, for He has given you latitude in this matter and has not categorically demanded that one ˹of the said options˺ be followed through, in the way that He made it obligatory for Jews to retaliate and for Christians to ˹pardon and˺ accept blood money; and for him who commits aggression, by being unjust towards the killer and slaying him, after that, that is, ˹after˺ pardoning — his is a painful chastisement, of the Fire in the Hereafter, or of being killed in this world.
القرآن:٢:١٧٨

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى ۖ الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَىٰ بِالْأُنْثَىٰ ۚ فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ ۗ فَمَنِ اعْتَدَىٰ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ  

{يا أيها الذين منوا كُتب} فرض {عليكم القصاص} المماثلة {في القتلى} وصفا وفعلا {الحر} ولا يقتل بالعبد {والعبد بالعبد والأنثى بالأنثى} وبيَّنت السنة أن الذكر يقتل بها وأنه تعتبر المماثلة في الدين فلا يقتل مسلم ولو عبدا بكافر ولو حرا {فمن عفي له} من القاتلين {من} دم {أخيه} المقتول {شيء} بأن ترك القصاص منه، وتنكيرُ شيء يفيد سقوط القصاص بالعفو عن بعضه ومن بعض الورثة وفي ذكر أخيه تعطُّف داع إلى العفو وإيذان بأن القتل لا يقطع أخوة الإيمان ومن مبتدأ شرطية أو موصولة والخبر {فاتِّباع} أي فعل العافي إتباع للقاتل {بالمعروف} بأن يطالبه بالدية بلا عنف، وترتيب الإتباع على العفو يفيد أن الواجب أحدهما وهو أحد قولي الشافعي والثاني الواجب القصاص والدية بدل عنه فلو عفا ولم يسمها فلا شيء ورجح {و} على القاتل {أداء} الدية {إليه} أي العافي وهو الوارث {بإحسان} بلا مطل ولا بخس {ذلك} الحكم المذكور من جواز القصاص والعفو عنه على الدية {تخفيف} تسهيل {من ربكم} عليكم {ورحمة} بكم حيث وسَّع في ذلك ولم يحتم واحدا منهما كما حتم على اليهود القصاص وعلى النصارى الدية {فمن اعتدى} ظلم القاتل بأن قتله {بعد ذلك} أي العفو {فله عذاب أليم} مؤلم في الآخرة بالنار أو في الدنيا بالقتل.
quran:2:179

And there is for you in legal retribution ˹saving of˺ life, O you ˹people˺ of understanding, that you may become righteous.  

In retaliation there is life for you, that is great longevity, O people of pith, possessors of intellect, because if the would-be killer knew that he would be killed ˹in retaliation˺, he would refrain ˹from such action˺ and would have thereby given life to himself and to the one whom he had intended to kill; and so it ˹retaliation˺ was stipulated by the Law, so that you might fear killing, fearing retaliation.
القرآن:٢:١٧٩

وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ  

{ولكم في القصاص حياة} أي بقاء عظيم {يا أولي الألباب} ذوي العقول لأن القاتل إذا علم أنه يُقتل ارتدع فأحيا نفسه ومن أراد قتله فشرع {لعلكم تتقون} القتل مخافة القود.
quran:2:180

Prescribed for you when death approaches ˹any˺ one of you if he leaves wealth ˹is that he should make˺ a bequest for the parents and near relatives according to what is acceptable - a duty upon the righteous.  

Prescribed, made obligatory, for you, when any of you is approached by death, that is, ˹by˺ its causes, and leaves behind some good, material possessions, is to make testament (al-wasiyyatu is in the nominative because of kutiba, and is semantically connected to the particle idhā, ‘when’, if the latter is adverbial; but if this latter is conditional, then it ˹al-wasiyyatu˺ indicates the response; the response to the ˹conditional˺ particle in, ‘if’, is, in other words, ˹implied to be˺ fa’l-yūsi, ‘let him make testament’); in favour of his parents and kinsmen honourably, that is justly, not giving more than the allotted share of a third, nor preferring the richer person — an obligation (haqqan here emphasises the import of what has preceded) on those that fear, God (this verse has been abrogated by the ‘inheritance’ verse ˹āyat al-mīrāth, see Q. 4:11˺ and by the hadīth: ‘Do not make testament for one ˹already˺ inheriting’, as reported by al-Tirmidhī).
القرآن:٢:١٨٠

كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۖ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ  

{كتب} فرض {عليكم إذا حضر أحدكم الموت} أي أسبابه {إن ترك خيرا} مالا {الوصية} مرفوع بكتب ومتعلق بإذا إن كانت ظرفية ودال على جوابها إن كانت شرطية وجواب إن أي فليوص {للوالدين والأقربين بالمعروف} بالعدل بأن لا يزيد على الثلث ولا يفضل الغني {حقا} مصدر مؤكد لمضمون الجملة قبله {على المتقين} الله وهذا منسوخ بآية الميراث وبحديث: (لا وصية لوارث رواه الترمذي).
quran:2:181

Then whoever alters the bequest after he has heard it - the sin is only upon those who have altered it. Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing.  

Then if anyone, whether a witness or a trustee, changes it, that is, the testament, after hearing it, and knowing it, the sin, resulting from the changed testament, shall rest upon those who change it (here the explicit subject stands in place of the implicit one); surely God is Hearing, of the testator’s words, Knowing, of the deeds of the trustee, requiting ˹each˺ accordingly.
القرآن:٢:١٨١

فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ  

{فمن بدَّله} أي الإيصاء من شاهد ووصي {بعد ما سمعه} علمه {فإنما إثمه} أي الإيصاء المبدل {على الذين يبدلونه} فيه إقامة الظاهر مقام المضمر {إن الله سميع} لقول الموصي {عليم} بفعل الوصي فمجاز عليه.
quran:2:182

But if one fears from the bequeather ˹some˺ error or sin and corrects that which is between them, there is no sin upon him. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.  

But if any one fears injustice, an error, in straying from what is right, or sin, because he has purposely increased the share of a third or specified a rich individual, from one making testament (read mūsī or muwassī), and so makes things right between them, the testator and the trustee, by commanding that justice be done, then no sin shall be upon him, with regard to this matter; surely God is Forgiving, Merciful.
القرآن:٢:١٨٢

فَمَنْ خَافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفًا أَوْ إِثْمًا فَأَصْلَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ  

{فمن خاف من موص} مخففا ومثقلا {جنفا} ميلا عن الحق خطأ {أو إثما} بأن تعمَّد ذلك بالزيادة على الثلث أو تخصيص غني مثلا {فأصلح بينهم} بين الموصي والموصى له بالأمر بالعدل {فلا إثم عليه} في ذلك {إن الله غفور رحيم}.
quran:2:183

O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous -  

O you who believe, prescribed for you, obligatory ˹for you˺, is the Fast, just as it was prescribed for those, communities, that were before you so that you might guard yourselves, against acts of disobedience, for, it ˹the fast˺ curbs the desires that prompt these ˹acts˺.
القرآن:٢:١٨٣

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ  

{يا أيها الذين أمنوا كُتب} فرض {عليكم الصيام كما كتب على الذين من قبلكم} من الأمم {لعلكم تتقون} المعاصي فإنه يكسر الشهوة التي هي مبدؤها.
quran:2:184

˹Fasting for˺ a limited number of days. So whoever among you is ill or on a journey ˹during them˺ - then an equal number of days ˹are to be made up˺. And upon those who are able ˹to fast, but with hardship˺ - a ransom ˹as substitute˺ of feeding a poor person ˹each day˺. And whoever volunteers excess - it is better for him. But to fast is best for you, if you only knew.  

For days (ayyāman, ‘days’, is in the accusative as the object of al-siyām, ‘the fast’, or of an implied yasūmū, ‘he fasts’) numbered, few or specific in number, that is, those of Ramadān, as will be mentioned below; God has specified a small number as a way of facilitating matters for those under the obligation; and if any of you, during the month, be sick, or be on a journey, in which prayers are shortened, or if one is strained by the fast in both cases and breaks it, then a number of other days, equal to the ones during which he broke his fast — let him fast them instead; and for those who are, not, able to do it, ˹to fast˺ on account of old age or chronic illness, a redemption: which is, the feeding of a poor man, with about the same amount one consumes in a given day, that is, one mudd measure of the principal food of that town each day (a variant reading has ˹genitive˺ fidyatin as an explicative clause. It is also said that the ˹lā˺ negation of the verb ˹yutīqūnahu˺ is not actually implied, because at the very beginning of Islam, they could choose between fasting or offering the redemption; but later on this was abrogated by fixing the Fast ˹as an obligation˺, where God says, So let those of you, who are present at the month, fast it ˹Q. 2:185˺: Ibn ‘Abbās said ˹by way of qualification˺ ‘Except for the pregnant one and the one breastfeeding, if they break their fast out of concern for the child; in the case of these two, the verse remains valid and has not been abrogated’). For him who volunteers good, by offering more than the minimum amount mentioned for the redemption; that, volunteering, is good for him; but that you should fast (wa-an tasūmū is the subject) is better for you (khayrun lakum is its predicate), than breaking the fast and paying the redemption, if you but knew, that this is better for you, then do it.
القرآن:٢:١٨٤

أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَاتٍ ۚ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ ۚ وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ ۖ فَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ ۚ وَأَنْ تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ ۖ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ  

{أيَّاما} نصب بالصيام أو يصوموا مقدرا {معدودات} أي قلائل أو مؤقتات بعدد معلوم وهي رمضان كما سيأتي وقلَّله تسهيلا على المكلفين {فمن كان منكم} حين شهوده {مريضا أو على سفر} أي مسافرا سفر القصر وأجهده الصوم في الحالين فأفطر {فعدَّة} فعليه عدة ما أفطر {من أيام أخر} يصومها بدله {وعلى الذين} لا {يطيقونه} لكبر أو مرض لا يرجى برؤه {فدية} هي {طعام مسكين} أي قدر ما يأكله في يومه وهو مدٌ من غالب قوت البلد لكل يوم، وفي قراءة بإضافة فدية وهي للبيان وقيل لا غير مقدرة وكانوا مخيرين في صدر الإسلام بين الصوم والفدية ثم نسخ بتعيين الصوم بقوله من شهد منكم الشهر فليصمه، قال ابن عباس: إلا الحامل والمرضع إذا أفطرتا خوفا على الولد فإنها باقية بلا نسخ في حقهما {فمن تطوع خيرا} بالزيادة على القدر المذكور في الفدية {فهو} أي التطوع {خير له، وأن تصوموا} مبتدأ خبره {خير لكم} من الإفطار والفدية {إن كنتم تعلمون} أنه خير لكم فافعلوه.
quran:2:185

The month of Ramadhan ˹is that˺ in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. So whoever sights ˹the new moon of˺ the month, let him fast it; and whoever is ill or on a journey - then an equal number of other days. Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship and ˹wants˺ for you to complete the period and to glorify Allah for that ˹to˺ which He has guided you; and perhaps you will be grateful.  

These days of, the month of Ramadān, wherein the Qur’ān was revealed, from the Preserved Tablet to the earthly heaven on the Night of Ordainment ˹laylat al-qadr˺ from Him, a guidance (hudan, ‘a guidance’, is a circumstantial qualifier), guiding away from error, for the people, and as clear proofs, lucid verses, of the Guidance, the rulings that guide to truth, and, of, the Criterion, that discriminates between truth and falsehood; So let those of you, who are present at the month, fast it and if any of you be sick, or if he be on a journey, then a number of other days (this ˹concession˺ has already been mentioned, but it is repeated here to avoid the mistaken impression that it has been abrogated by the comprehensive implication of man shahida, ‘who are present’). God desires ease for you, and desires not hardship for you, and for this reason He has permitted you the breaking of the fast during illness or travel, ˹this ease being˺ the very reason He has commanded you to fast; He supplements ˹the previous statement with˺: and that you fulfil (read tukmilū or tukammilū) the number, of the fasting days of Ramadān, and magnify God, when you have completed them, for having guided you, for having directed you to the principal rites of His religion, and that you might be thankful, to God for this.
القرآن:٢:١٨٥

شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَىٰ وَالْفُرْقَانِ ۚ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ ۖ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ ۗ يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ مَا هَدَاكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ  

تلك الأيام {شهر رمضان الذي أنزل فيه القرآن} من اللوح المحفوظ إلى السماء الدنيا في ليلة القدر منه {هدى} حال هاديا من الضلالة {للناس وبينات} آيات واضحات {من الهدى} بما يهدي إلى الحق من الأحكام {و} من {الفرقان} مما يفرق بين الحق والباطل {فمن شهد} حضر {منكم الشهر فليصمه ومن كان مريضا أو على سفر فعدة من أيام أخر} تقدم مثله وكرر لئلا يتوهم نسخه بتعميم من شهد {يريد الله بكم اليسر ولا يريد بكم العسر} ولذا أباح لكم الفطر في المرض والسفر ولكون ذلك في معنى العلة أيضا للأمر بالصوم عطف عليه {ولتكملوا} بالتخفيف والتشديد {العدة} أي عدة صوم رمضان {ولتكبروا الله} عند إكمالها {على ما هداكم} أرشدكم لمعالم دينه {ولعلكم تشكرون} الله على ذلك.
quran:2:186

And when My servants ask you, ˹O Muhammad˺, concerning Me - indeed I am near. I respond to the invocation of the supplicant when he calls upon Me. So let them respond to Me ˹by obedience˺ and believe in Me that they may be ˹rightly˺ guided.  

A group of followers of the Prophet (s) asked him, ‘Is our Lord nearby so that we should talk to Him secretly, or is He far away, so that we should call out to him?’, and the following was revealed: And when My servants question you concerning Me — I am near, to them in My knowledge, and he informed them of this; I answer the call of the caller, by granting him his request, when he calls to Me; so let them respond to Me, My call to them to be obedient, and let them believe, ˹let them˺ persevere in faith, in Me that they might go aright, ˹that˺ they ˹might˺ become guided.
القرآن:٢:١٨٦

وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌ ۖ أُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ ۖ فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ  

وسأل جماعة النبي محمد ﷺ أقريب ربُّنا فنناجيه أم بعيد فنناديه: فنزل {وإذا سألك عبادي عني فإني قريب} منهم بعلمي فأخبرهم بذلك {أجيب دعوة الداع إذا دعان} بإنالته ما سأل {فليستجيبوا لي} دعائي بالطاعة {وليؤمنوا} يداوموا على الإيمان {بي لعلهم يرشدون} يهتدون.
quran:2:187

It has been made permissible for you the night preceding fasting to go to your wives ˹for sexual relations˺. They are clothing for you and you are clothing for them. Allah knows that you used to deceive yourselves, so He accepted your repentance and forgave you. So now, have relations with them and seek that which Allah has decreed for you. And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread ˹of night˺. Then complete the fast until the sunset. And do not have relations with them as long as you are staying for worship in the mosques. These are the limits ˹set by˺ Allah, so do not approach them. Thus does Allah make clear His ordinances to the people that they may become righteous.  

Permitted to you, upon the night of the Fast, is to go in to your wives, in sexual intercourse: this was revealed as an abrogation of its unlawfulness during the earliest phase of Islam, as well as ˹an abrogation of˺ the unlawfulness of eating and drinking after the night prayer; they are a vestment for you, and you are a vestment for them (a metaphor for their embraces or their need for one another); God knows that you have been betraying yourselves, by having sexual intercourse on the eve of the fast: this happened with ‘Umar ˹b. al-Khattāb˺ and others, and they apologised to the Prophet (s), and so He has turned to you ˹relenting˺, before you even turned in repentance, and He has pardoned you. So now, when it is permitted to you, lie with them, in sexual intercourse, and seek what God has prescribed for you, of sexual intercourse or what it produces of offspring; and eat and drink, ˹at any time˺ during the night, until the white thread is distinct, to you, from the black thread at daybreak, that is, the true ˹moment of daybreak˺, which explains the white thread, while the explanation of the black thread, namely, the night, has been left out. The whiteness and the darkness of the dawn ˹twilight˺ are likened to two black and white threads in the way they stretch out; then complete the fast, from daybreak, to the night, that is, until it arrives, after the setting of the sun; and do not lie with them, your women, while you cleave to the mosques in devotion ˹to God˺, while you are residing ˹therein˺ with the intention of ˹performing˺ i‘tikāf (‘spiritual retreat’). This was a prohibition pertaining to one who used to leave ˹the mosque˺, whilst in a state of i‘tikāf, have sexual intercourse with his wife, and then return. Those, rulings mentioned, are God’s bounds, delimited by God for His servants so that they do not overstep them; do not approach them (lā taqrabūhā, is more intense than lā ta‘taddūhā, ‘Do not overstep’, used in verses elsewhere). So, just as He makes clear to you what has been mentioned, God makes clear His signs to people so that they might fear ˹disobeying˺ His prohibitions.
القرآن:٢:١٨٧

أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَائِكُمْ ۚ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَهُنَّ ۗ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْكُمْ ۖ فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ۚ وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ۖ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ ۚ وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَأَنْتُمْ عَاكِفُونَ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ ۗ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَقْرَبُوهَا ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ آيَاتِهِ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ  

{أُحلَّ لكم ليلة الصيام الرفث} بمعنى الإفضاء {إلى نسائكم} بالجماع، نزل نسخا لما كان في صدر الإسلام على تحريمه وتحريم الأكل والشرب بعد العشاء {هن لباس لكم وأنتم لباس لهن} كناية عن تعانقهما أو احتياج كل منهما إلى صاحبه {علم الله أنكم كنتم تختانون} تخونون {أنفسكم} بالجماع ليلة الصيام وقع ذلك لعمر وغيره واعتذروا إلى النبي ﷺ {فتاب عليكم} قبل توبتكم {وعفا عنكم فالآن} إذ أحل لكم {باشروهن} جامعوهن {وابتغوا} اطلبوا {ما كتب الله لكم} أي أباحه من الجماع أو قدره من الولد {وكلوا واشربوا} الليل كله {حتى يتبيَّن} يظهر {لكم الخيط الأبيض من الخيط الأسود من الفجر} أي الصادق بيان للخيط الأبيض وبيان الأسود محذوف أي من الليل شبه ما يبدو من البياض وما يمتد معه من الغبش بخيطين أبيض وأسود في الامتداد {ثم أتُّموا الصيام} من الفجر {إلى الليل} أي إلى دخوله بغروب الشمس {ولا تباشروهن} أي نساءكم {وأنتم عاكفون} مقيمون بنية الاعتكاف {في المساجد} متعلق بعاكفون نهيٌ لمن كان يخرج وهو معتكف فيجامع امرأته ويعود {تلك} الأحكام المذكورة {حدود الله} حدَّها لعباده ليقفوا عندها {فلا تقربوها} أبلغ من لا تعتدوها المعبر به في آية أخرى {كذلك} كما بيَّن لكم ما ذكر {يُبيِّن الله آياته للناس لعلهم يتقون} محارمه.
quran:2:188

And do not consume one another's wealth unjustly or send it ˹in bribery˺ to the rulers in order that ˹they might aid˺ you ˹to˺ consume a portion of the wealth of the people in sin, while you know ˹it is unlawful˺.  

Consume not your goods between you, that is to say, do not let one consume the goods of the other, in deception, that which is illicit according to the Law, such as theft and extortion; and, do not, proffer them, the regulation of these ˹goods˺ or any bribes, to the judges, that you may consume, as a result of any arbitration, a portion of other people’s goods, embroiled, in sin while you are aware, that you are in error.
القرآن:٢:١٨٨

وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَتُدْلُوا بِهَا إِلَى الْحُكَّامِ لِتَأْكُلُوا فَرِيقًا مِنْ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ بِالْإِثْمِ وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ  

{ولا تأكلوا أموالكم بينكم} أي يأكل بعضكم مال بعض {بالباطل} الحرام شرعا كالسرقة والغصب {و} لا {تُدلوا} تلقوا {بها} أي بحكومتها أو بالأموال رشوة {إلى الحكام لتأكلوا} بالتحاكم {فريقا} طائفة {من أموال الناس} متلبسين {بالإثم وأنتم تعلمون} أنكم مبطلون.
quran:2:189

They ask you, ˹O Muhammad˺, about the new moons. Say, "They are measurements of time for the people and for Hajj." And it is not righteousness to enter houses from the back, but righteousness is ˹in˺ one who fears Allah. And enter houses from their doors. And fear Allah that you may succeed.  

They will ask you, O Muhammad (s), about the new moons (ahilla, plural of hilāl): ‘Why do they seem very thin, and then wax until they are full of light, and then wane again as at the first, and are not always the same, in the way that the sun is?’ Say, to them: ‘They are appointed times (mawāqīt is the plural of mīqāt) for the people, for them to know the times for sowing the land, for business, for their women’s waiting periods, their fast and their breaking it, and the Pilgrimage’ (wa’l-hajji and the Pilgrimage’, is a supplement to li’l-nāsi, ‘for the people’), that is to say, ˹appointed times˺ by which its season is known, for if they ˹the new moons˺ always looked the same, none of these things could be known. It is not piety to come to the houses from their backs, in ˹your˺ state of pilgrimage inviolability (ihrām), when you would bore holes in them to enter them and then exit, disregarding their doors; they used to do this and claim that it was out of piety; but piety is to fear, God by not contravening His commands; so come to the houses by their doors, when in a state of pilgrimage inviolability, and fear God, that you may prosper, ˹that you may˺ triumph.
القرآن:٢:١٨٩

يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَهِلَّةِ ۖ قُلْ هِيَ مَوَاقِيتُ لِلنَّاسِ وَالْحَجِّ ۗ وَلَيْسَ الْبِرُّ بِأَنْ تَأْتُوا الْبُيُوتَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهَا وَلَٰكِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَنِ اتَّقَىٰ ۗ وَأْتُوا الْبُيُوتَ مِنْ أَبْوَابِهَا ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ  

{يسألونك} يا محمد {عن الأهلة} جمع هلال لمَ تبدو دقيقة ثم تزيد حتى تمتلئ نورا ثم تعود كما بدت ولا تكون على حالة واحدة كالشمس {قل} لهم {هي مواقيت} جمع ميقات {للناس} يعلمون بها أوقات زرعهم ومتاجرهم وعُدد نسائهم وصيامهم وإفطارهم {والحج} عطف على الناس أي يعلم بها وقته فلو استمرت على حالة لم يعرف ذلك {وليس البر بأن تأتوا البيوت من ظهورها} في الإحرام كغيره بأن تنقبوا فيها نقبا تدخلون منه وتخرجون وتتركوا الباب وكانوا يفعلون ذلك ويزعمونه برّا {ولكنَّ البرَّ} أي ذا البِر {من اتقى} الله بترك مخالفته {وأتوا البيوت من أبوابها} في الإحرام {واتقوا الله لعلكم تفلحون} تفوزون.
quran:2:190

Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you but do not transgress. Indeed. Allah does not like transgressors.  

After the Prophet (s) was prevented from ˹visiting˺ the House in the year of the battle of Hudaybiyya, he made a pact with the disbelievers that he would be allowed to return the following year, at which time they would vacate Mecca for three days. Having prepared to depart for the Visitation ˹‘umra˺, ˹he and˺ the believers were concerned that Quraysh would not keep to the agreement and instigate fighting. The Muslims were averse to becoming engaged in fighting while in a state of pilgrimage inviolability in the Sacred Enclosure ˹al-haram˺ and during the sacred months, and so the following was revealed: And fight in the way of God, to elevate His religion, with those who fight against you, the disbelievers, but aggress not, against them by initiating the fighting; God loves not the aggressors, the ones that overstep the bounds which God has set for them: this stipulation was abrogated by the verse of barā’a, ‘immunity’ ˹Q. 9:1˺, or by His saying ˹below˺:
القرآن:٢:١٩٠

وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ  

ولما صُدَّ محمد ﷺ عن البيت عام الحديبية وصالح الكفار على أن يعود العام القابل ويُخلوا له مكة ثلاثة أيام وتجهز لعمرة القضاء وخافوا أن لا تفي قريش ويقاتلوهم وكره المسلمون قتالهم في الحرم والإحرام والشهر الحرام نزل {وقاتلوا في سبيل الله} أي لإعلاء دينه {الذين يقاتلونكم} الكفار {ولا تعتدوا} عليهم بالابتداء بالقتال {إن الله لا يحب المعتدين} المتجاوزين ما حد لهم وهذا منسوخ بآية براءة أو بقوله.
quran:2:191

And kill them wherever you overtake them and expel them from wherever they have expelled you, and fitnah is worse than killing. And do not fight them at al-Masjid al- Haram until they fight you there. But if they fight you, then kill them. Such is the recompense of the disbelievers.  

And slay them wherever you come upon them, and expel them from where they expelled you, that is, from Mecca, and this was done after the Conquest of Mecca; sedition, their idolatry, is more grievous, more serious, than slaying, them in the Sacred Enclosure or while in a state of pilgrimage inviolability, the thing that you greatly feared. But fight them not by the Sacred Mosque, that is, in the Sacred Enclosure, until they should fight you there; then if they fight you, there, slay them, there (a variant reading drops the alif in the three verbs ˹sc. wa-lā taqtilūhum, hattā yaqtulūkum, fa-in qatalūkum, so that the sense is ‘slaying’ in all three, and not just ‘fighting’˺) — such, killing and expulsion, is the requital of disbelievers.
القرآن:٢:١٩١

وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ وَأَخْرِجُوهُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخْرَجُوكُمْ ۚ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ ۚ وَلَا تُقَاتِلُوهُمْ عِنْدَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ حَتَّىٰ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِيهِ ۖ فَإِنْ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُمْ ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ جَزَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ  

{واقتلوهم حيث ثقفتموهم} وجدتموهم {وأخرجوهم من حيث أخرجوكم} أي من مكة وقد فعل بهم ذلك عام الفتح {والفتنة} الشرك منهم {أشد} أعظم {من القتل} لهم في الحرم أو الإحرام والذي استعظمتموه {ولا تقاتلوهم عند المسجد الحرام} أي في الحرم {حتى يقاتلوكم فيه فإن قاتلوكم} فيه {فاقتلوهم} فيه، وفي قراءة بلا ألف في الأفعال الثلاثة {كذلك} القتل والإخراج {جزاء الكافرين}.
quran:2:192

And if they cease, then indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.  

But if they desist, from unbelief and become Muslims, surely God is Forgiving, Merciful, to them.
القرآن:٢:١٩٢

فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ  

{فإن انتهوا} عن الكفر وأسلموا {فإن الله غفور} لهم {رحيم} بهم.
quran:2:193

Fight them until there is no ˹more˺ fitnah and ˹until˺ worship is ˹acknowledged to be˺ for Allah. But if they cease, then there is to be no aggression except against the oppressors.  

Fight them till there is no sedition, no idolatry, and the religion, all worship, is for God, alone and none are worshipped apart from Him; then if they desist, from idolatry, do not aggress against them. This is indicated by the following words, there shall be no enmity, no aggression through slaying or otherwise, save against evildoers. Those that desist, however, are not evildoers and should not be shown any enmity.
القرآن:٢:١٩٣

وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّىٰ لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ لِلَّهِ ۖ فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا فَلَا عُدْوَانَ إِلَّا عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ  

{وقاتلوهم حتى لا تكون} توجد {فتنة} شرك {ويكون الدين} العبادة {لله} وحده لا يعبد سواه {فإن انتهوا} عن الشرك فلا تعتدوا عليهم دل على هذا {فلا عدوان} اعتداء بقتل أو غيره {إلا على الظالمين} ومن انتهى فليس بظالم فلا عدوان عليه.
quran:2:194

˹Fighting in˺ the sacred month is for ˹aggression committed in˺ the sacred month, and for ˹all˺ violations is legal retribution. So whoever has assaulted you, then assault him in the same way that he has assaulted you. And fear Allah and know that Allah is with those who fear Him.  

The sacred month, in return, for the sacred month, therefore, just as they fight you during it, kill them during it: a response to the Muslims’ consideration of the momentous nature of this matter; holy things (hurumāt, plural of hurma, is what must be treated as sacrosanct) demand retaliation, in kind if these ˹holy things˺ are violated; whoever commits aggression against you, through fighting in the Sacred Enclosure, or during a state of ritual purity or in the sacred months, then commit aggression against him in the manner that he committed against you, the ˹Muslim˺ response is also referred to as ‘aggression’, because that is what it resembles formally; and fear God, when avenging yourselves and ˹by˺ renouncing aggression, and know that God is with the God-fearing, helping and assisting ˹them˺.
القرآن:٢:١٩٤

الشَّهْرُ الْحَرَامُ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْحُرُمَاتُ قِصَاصٌ ۚ فَمَنِ اعْتَدَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ  

{الشهر الحرام} المحرم مقابل {بالشهر الحرام} فكلما قاتلوكم فيه فاقتلوهم في مثله رد لاستعظام المسلمين ذلك {والحرمات} جمع حرمة ما يجب احترامه {قصاص} أي يقتص بمثلها إذا انتهكت {فمن اعتدى عليكم} بالقتال في الحرم أو الإحرام أو الشهر الحرام {فاعتدوا عليه بمثل ما اعتدى عليكم} سمى مقابلته اعتداء لشبهها بالمقابل به في الصورة {واتقوا الله} في الانتصار وترك الاعتداء {واعلموا أن الله مع المتقين} بالعون والنصر.
quran:2:195

And spend in the way of Allah and do not throw ˹yourselves˺ with your ˹own˺ hands into destruction ˹by refraining˺. And do good; indeed, Allah loves the doers of good.  

And spend in the way of God, in obedience to Him, in holy struggle and the like; and cast not your own hands, yourselves (the bā’ of bi-aydīkum ‘with your hands’ is extra) into destruction, by withholding funds needed for the struggle or abandoning it altogether, because this will give your enemy the advantage over you; but be virtuous, by spending etc.; God loves the virtuous, that is, He rewards them.
القرآن:٢:١٩٥

وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ ۛ وَأَحْسِنُوا ۛ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ  

{وأنفقوا في سبيل الله} طاعته بالجهاد وغيره {ولا تلقوا بأيديكم} أي أنفسكم والباء زائدة {إلى التهلكة} الهلاك بالإمساك عن النفقة في الجهاد أو تركه لأنه يقوي العدو عليكم {وأحسنوا} بالنفقة وغيرها {إن الله يحب المحسنين} أي يثيبهم.
quran:2:196

And complete the Hajj and 'umrah for Allah. But if you are prevented, then ˹offer˺ what can be obtained with ease of sacrificial animals. And do not shave your heads until the sacrificial animal has reached its place of slaughter. And whoever among you is ill or has an ailment of the head ˹making shaving necessary must offer˺ a ransom of fasting ˹three days˺ or charity or sacrifice. And when you are secure, then whoever performs 'umrah ˹during the Hajj months˺ followed by Hajj ˹offers˺ what can be obtained with ease of sacrificial animals. And whoever cannot find ˹or afford such an animal˺ - then a fast of three days during Hajj and of seven when you have returned ˹home˺. Those are ten complete ˹days˺. This is for those whose family is not in the area of al-Masjid al-Haram. And fear Allah and know that Allah is severe in penalty.  

Fulfil the Pilgrimage and the Visitation to God, by completing them according to their due; but if you are prevented, from fulfilling them by an enemy, then ˹give˺ such offering as may be feasible, for you — a sheep — and do not shave your heads, that is, do not release yourselves from the state of pilgrimage inviolability, until the offering, mentioned, reaches its place, its place of sacrifice, that is, within the enclosure, according to al-Shāfi‘ī; the sacrifice is then made with the intention of releasing oneself from the state of pilgrimage inviolability, and is divided among the needy, after which the head is shaved and the release is effected. If any of you is sick, or has an ailment of the head, such as lice or severe pains, and has thus shaved his head while in a state of pilgrimage inviolability, then, incumbent upon him is, a redemption by fast, for three days, or a voluntary almsgiving, consisting of three cubic measures of the principal food of the town for six needy persons, or a ritual sacrifice, that is, the slaughter of a sheep (aw, ‘or’, denotes freedom of choice). To this ˹last˺ has been added the ˹case of the˺ one who shaves his head without excuse because the requirement of redemption is most obvious in his case; but also ˹it is required in the case of˺ one that enjoys, without shaving, such things as scents, attire, or oils, be it with an excuse or without. When you are secure, knowing that the enemy has gone or is not present, then whoever enjoys the Visitation, having completed it and observed its ritual prohibitions, until the Pilgrimage, until he enters its ritual inviolability in the relevant months; let his offering be such as is feasible, for him, such as a sheep that he sacrifices after entering into the state of pilgrimage inviolability, ideally, on the Day of Sacrifice; or if he finds none, because there are none available, or because he does not have sufficient funds, then, incumbent upon him is, a fast of three days in the Pilgrimage, that is to say, in a state of pilgrimage inviolability. In such a case, he should enter into the state of pilgrimage inviolability before the seventh of Dhū’l-Hijja, but ideally before the sixth, because one is discouraged from fasting on the Day of ‘Arafa. Moreover, he should not fast during these the days of tashrīq, according to the sounder of two opinions attributed to al-Shāfi‘ī. And of seven when you return, to your domicile, ˹be it˺ Mecca or any other; or when you have completed the rites of the Pilgrimage’ (there is a shift from the third ˹to the second˺ person); that is a full ten (this sentence reaffirms what has just been said); that, mentioned stipulation regarding the incumbency of the offering or the fast upon the person that has enjoyed ˹the Visitation˺, is for him whose family are not present at the Sacred Mosque, so that they are not within 50 miles of the Sacred Enclosure, according to al-Shāfi‘ī. If they are ˹present however˺, then no blood ˹sacrifice˺ or fast is obligatory in his case, even if he has enjoyed ˹the Visitation˺. The mention of ‘family’ is intended as a notification of the proviso in the case of being ‘domiciled’ ˹in the vicinity of the Sacred Mosque˺. If one were to take up ˹temporary˺ residence, but not be domiciled, before the months of the Pilgrimage and enjoy the Visitation, then that ˹fast or sacrifice˺ will be incumbent upon him; this is one of two opinions of al-Shāfi‘ī, the other being that it is not ˹incumbent˺. The term ahl, ‘family’, is said to denote ‘oneself’. In the Sunna, in addition to the one that enjoys the Visitation, as mentioned, there is also the one that enters into the state of pilgrimage inviolability for both the Visitation and the Pilgrimage together ˹sc. qārin, ‘one who combines’˺ or in the case where the Pilgrimage encroaches upon ˹a Visitation˺, but before circumambulation ˹has been performed˺. And fear God, in what He commands you and prohibits you; and know that God is severe in retribution, against whoever opposes Him.
القرآن:٢:١٩٦

وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ ۚ فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ ۖ وَلَا تَحْلِقُوا رُءُوسَكُمْ حَتَّىٰ يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ ۚ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ بِهِ أَذًى مِنْ رَأْسِهِ فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ ۚ فَإِذَا أَمِنْتُمْ فَمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ ۚ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ ۗ تِلْكَ عَشَرَةٌ كَامِلَةٌ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُهُ حَاضِرِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ  

{وأتموا الحج والعمرة لله} أدُّوهما بحقوقهما {فإن أُحصرتم} مُنعتم عن إتمامها بعدوِّ {فما استيسر} تيسَّر {من الهدي} عليكم وهو شاة {ولا تحلقوا رؤوسكم} أي لا تتحللوا {حتى يبلغ الهدي} المذكور {محله} حيث يحل ذبحه وهو مكان الإحصار عند الشافعي فيذبح فيه بنية التحلل ويفرَّق على مساكينه ويحلق وبه يحصل التحلل {فمن كان منكم مريضا أو به أذى من رأسه} كقمل وصداع فحلق في الإحرام {ففدية} عليه {من صيام} ثلاثة أيام {أو صدقة} بثلاثة أصوع من غالب قوت البلد على ستة مساكين {أونسك} أي ذبح شاة وأو للتخيير وألحق به من حلق لغير عذر أنه أولى بالكفارة وكذا من استمتع بغير الحلق كالطيب واللبس والدهن لعذر أو غيره {فإذا أمنتم} العدو بأن ذهب أو لم يكن {فمن تمتع} استمتع {بالعمرة} أي بسبب فراغه منها بمحظورات الإحرام {إلى الحج} أي إلى الإحرام به بأن يكون أحرم بها في أشهره {فما استيسر} تيسر {من الهدي} عليه وهو شاة يذبحها بعد الإحرام به والأفضل يوم النحر {فمن لم يجد} الهدي لفقده أو فقد ثمنه {فصيامُ} أي فعليه صيام {ثلاثة أيام في الحج} أي في حال الإحرام به فيجب حينئذ أن يُحْرمَ قبل السابع من ذي الحجة والأفضل قبل السادس لكراهة صوم يوم عرفة ولا يجوز صومها أيام التشريق على أصح قولي الشافعي {وسبعة إذا رجعتم} إلى وطنكم مكة أو غيرها وقيل إذا فرغتم من أعمال الحج وفيه التفات عن الغيبة {تلك عشرة كاملة} جملة تأكيد لما قبلها {ذلك} الحكم المذكور من وجوب الهدي أو الصيام على من تمتع {لمن لم يكن أهله حاضري المسجد الحرام} بأن لم يكونوا على دون مرحلتين من الحرم عند الشافعي فإن كان فلا دم عليه ولا صيام وإن تمتع فعليه ذلك وهو أحد وجهين عند الشافعي والثاني لا والأهل كناية عن النفس وألحق بالتمتع فيما ذكر بالسنة القارن وهو من أحرم بالعمرة والحج معا أو يدخل الحج عليها قبل الطواف {واتقوا الله} فيما يأمركم به وينهاكم عنه {واعلموا أن الله شديد العقاب} لمن خالفه.
quran:2:197

Hajj is ˹during˺ well-known months, so whoever has made Hajj obligatory upon himself therein ˹by entering the state of ihram˺, there is ˹to be for him˺ no sexual relations and no disobedience and no disputing during Hajj. And whatever good you do - Allah knows it. And take provisions, but indeed, the best provision is fear of Allah. And fear Me, O you of understanding.  

The Pilgrimage, the time for it, is in months well-known: Shawwāl, Dhū’l-Qa’da and ten nights, some say all, of Dhū’l Hijja; whoever undertakes, upon himself, the duty of Pilgrimage during them, by entering into the state of pilgrimage inviolability, then no lewdness, ˹no˺ sexual intercourse for them, nor wickedness, ˹nor˺ acts of disobedience, or disputing, ˹or˺ quarrelling, in the Pilgrimage (a variant reading ˹for fa-lā rafathun wa-lā fusūqun wa-lā jidāla˺ has the accusative for all three nouns ˹sc. fa-lā rafatha wa-lā fusūqa wa-lā jidāla˺; prohibition is meant in all three cases). Whatever good you do, by way of voluntary almsgiving, God knows it, and will reward you for it. And take provision, to suffice you your journey: this was revealed regarding the people of Yemen, who use to make the Pilgrimage and not take any provisions with them, thus, becoming a burden for others. But the best provision is piety ˹taqwā, ‘piety’, literally ‘guarding’˺ with which you are able to guard against asking others ˹for things˺; and fear you Me, O people of pith!, ˹O˺ possessors of intellect.
القرآن:٢:١٩٧

الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ ۚ فَمَنْ فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ الْحَجَّ فَلَا رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ وَلَا جِدَالَ فِي الْحَجِّ ۗ وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ يَعْلَمْهُ اللَّهُ ۗ وَتَزَوَّدُوا فَإِنَّ خَيْرَ الزَّادِ التَّقْوَىٰ ۚ وَاتَّقُونِ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ  

{الحج} وقته {أشهر معلومات} شوال وذو القعدة وعشر ليال من ذي الحجة وقيل كله {فمن فرض} على نفسه {فيهن الحج} بالإحرام به {فلا رفث} جماع فيه {ولا فسوق} معاص {ولا جدالَ} خصام {في الحج} وفي قراءة بفتح الأولين والمراد في الثلاثة النهي {وما تفعلوا من خير} كصدقة {يعلمه الله} فيجازيكم به، ونزل في أهل اليمن وكانوا يحجون بلا زاد فيكون كلاًّ على الناس: {وتزودوا} ما يبلغكم لسفركم {فإن خير الزاد التقوى} ما يُتَّقى به سؤال الناس وغيره {واتقون يا أولي الألباب} ذوي العقول.
quran:2:198

There is no blame upon you for seeking bounty from your Lord ˹during Hajj˺. But when you depart from 'Arafat, remember Allah at al- Mash'ar al-Haram. And remember Him, as He has guided you, for indeed, you were before that among those astray.  

You would not be at fault if you should seek bounty, sustenance, from your Lord, by engaging in commerce at the Pilgrimage: this was revealed in response to their aversion to such an idea; but when you press on, push on, from ‘Arafāt, having stood ˹in prayer˺ upon it, then remember God, after the overnight stay at Muzdalifa, by repeating the talbiya ˹sc. labbayka Llāhummā labbayk, ‘at thy service, O God, at thy service’˺, the tahlīl ˹lā ilāha illā Llāh, ‘no god but God’˺ and making supplications, at the Sacred Waymark, a mountain at the end of Muzdalifa, called Quzah. In one hadīth, the Prophet (s) stood there remembering God and supplicating until his face began to glow brightly, according to Muslim; and remember Him as He has guided you, to the principal rites of His religion and the rituals of His Pilgrimage (the kāf of ka-mā, ‘as’, is the particle denoting the reason), though previously, before His guidance, you were astray.
القرآن:٢:١٩٨

لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ ۚ فَإِذَا أَفَضْتُمْ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ عِنْدَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ ۖ وَاذْكُرُوهُ كَمَا هَدَاكُمْ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَمِنَ الضَّالِّينَ  

{ليس عليكم جناح} في {أن تبتغوا} تطلبوا {فضلا} رزقا {من ربكم} بالتجارة في الحج نزل ردا لكراهيتهم ذلك {فإذا أفضتم} دفعتم {من عرفات} بعد الوقوف بها {فاذكروا الله} بعد المبيت بمزدلفة بالتلبية والتهليل والدعاء {عند المشعر الحرام} هو جبل في آخر المزدلفة يقال له قزح وفي الحديث أنه ﷺ وقف به يذكر الله ويدعو حتى أسفر جدا رواه مسلم {واذكروه كما هداكم} لمعالم دينه ومناسك حجه والكاف للتعليل {وإن} مخففة {كنتم من قبله} قبل هداه {لمن الضالين}.
quran:2:199

Then depart from the place from where ˹all˺ the people depart and ask forgiveness of Allah. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.  

Then (thumma denotes the sequence intended) press on, O Quraysh, from where the people press on, that is, from ‘Arafa, by standing there together with them (for, they used to stand at Muzdalifa, disdaining to stand with other people); and seek God’s forgiveness, for your sins; God is Forgiving, Merciful, to the believers.
القرآن:٢:١٩٩

ثُمَّ أَفِيضُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَفَاضَ النَّاسُ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ  

{ثم أفيضوا} يا قريش {من حيث أفاض الناس} أي من عرفة بأن تقفوا بها معهم وكانوا يقفون بالمزدلفه ترفعا عن الوقوف معهم وثم للترتيب في الذكر {واستغفروا الله} من ذنوبكم إن الله غفور} للمؤمنين {رحيم} بهم.
quran:2:200

And when you have completed your rites, remember Allah like your ˹previous˺ remembrance of your fathers or with ˹much˺ greater remembrance. And among the people is he who says, "Our Lord, give us in this world," and he will have in the Hereafter no share.  

And when you have performed, and completed, your holy rites, that is, the devotions pertaining to your pilgrimage, having cast ˹stones˺ at the Jamrat al-‘Aqaba, performed the circumambulation and stopped at Minā, remember God, by extolling Him and repeating the takbīr ˹saying Allāhu akbar, ‘God is Great’˺, as you remember your fathers, as you used to remember them and boast about them at the end of your pilgrimage, or yet more intensely, than your remembrance of them (ashadda is in the accusative because it is a circumstantial qualifier referring to dhikr ‘remembrance’, which itself is in the accusative as the object of udhkurū, ‘remember’, because had it come after it, it would have functioned as an adjectival phrase). There are some people who say, ‘Our Lord, give to us, our lot, in this world’, and they are given it; such people will have no part, no lot, in the Hereafter.
القرآن:٢:٢٠٠

فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُمْ مَنَاسِكَكُمْ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَذِكْرِكُمْ آبَاءَكُمْ أَوْ أَشَدَّ ذِكْرًا ۗ فَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَمَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ  

{فإذا قضيتم} أدَّيتم {مناسككم} عبادات حجكم بأن رميتم جمرة العقبة وطفتم واستقررتم بمنى {فاذكروا الله} بالتكبير والثناء {كذكركم آباءكم} كما كنتم تذكرونهم عند فراغ حجكم بالمفاخرة {أو أشد ذكرا} من ذكركم إياهم ونصب أشد على الحال من ذكر المنصوب باذكروا إذ لو تأخر عنه لكان صفة له {فمن الناس من يقول ربنا آتنا} نصيبا {في الدنيا} فيؤتاه فيها {وماله في الآخرة من خلاق} نصيب.