2. Sūrat al-Baqarah

٢۔ سُورَةُ البَقَرَة

2.97 Laws relating to widows and the waiting period after death of a spouse.

٢۔٩٧ مقطع في سُورَةُ البَقَرَة

quran:2:234

And those who are taken in death among you and leave wives behind - they, ˹the wives, shall˺ wait four months and ten ˹days˺. And when they have fulfilled their term, then there is no blame upon you for what they do with themselves in an acceptable manner. And Allah is ˹fully˺ Acquainted with what you do.  

And those of you who pass away, die, leaving, behind, wives, they shall wait by themselves, after their death, refraining from marriage, for four months and ten, nights: this applies to women who are not pregnant. The waiting period in the case of pregnant women is for them to give birth — as stated by a verse in sūrat al-Talāq ˹Q. 65:4˺. The slavegirl must wait for half this period ˹of four months˺ according to the Sunna; when they have reached, completed, their term, of waiting, then you would not be at fault, O guardians, regarding what they may do with themselves, in the way of adorning themselves and offering themselves before suitors, honourably, in accordance with the Law; God is aware of what you do, both secretly and openly.
القرآن:٢:٢٣٤

وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا ۖ فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ  

{والذين يتوفون} يموتون {منكم ويذرون} يتركون {أزواجا يتربصن} أي ليتربصن {بأنفسهن} بعدهم عن النكاح {أربعة أشهر وعشرا} من الليالي وهذا في غير الحوامل أما الحوامل فعدتهن أن يضعن حملهن بآية الطلاق والأمة على النصف من ذلك بالسنة {فإذا بلغن أجلهن} انقضت مدة تربصهن {فلا جناح عليكم} أيها الاولياء {فيما فعلن في أنفسهن} من التزين والتعرض للخطاب {بالمعروف} شرعا {والله بما تعملون خبير} عالم بباطنه كظاهره.
quran:2:235

There is no blame upon you for that to which you ˹indirectly˺ allude concerning a proposal to women or for what you conceal within yourselves. Allah knows that you will have them in mind. But do not promise them secretly except for saying a proper saying. And do not determine to undertake a marriage contract until the decreed period reaches its end. And know that Allah knows what is within yourselves, so beware of Him. And know that Allah is Forgiving and Forbearing.  

You would not be at fault regarding the proposal, with the intention of marriage, you present, offer, or hide in your hearts, during the waiting period, to women, whose spouses have died: such as men saying, ‘How beautiful you are!’, or, ‘Who could find one like you?’, or ‘How many a man must desire you!’. God knows that you will be mindful of them, in proposing to them impatiently, and so He has permitted you to make such offers; but do not make arrangements, of marriage, with them secretly, unless you speak honourable words, such as are acknowledged by the Law, in other words, such as proposals, that which is permitted to you. And do not resolve on the knot, the consummation, of marriage until that which is written, the period prescribed, has reached its term, and has been completed; and know that God knows what is in your souls, of resolve or otherwise; so be fearful of Him, that He should chastise you if you have made such resolve; and know that God is Forgiving, toward him who is fearful of Him, Forbearing, in delaying the chastisement of the one deserving it.
القرآن:٢:٢٣٥

وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاءِ أَوْ أَكْنَنْتُمْ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ ۚ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ سَتَذْكُرُونَهُنَّ وَلَٰكِنْ لَا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا إِلَّا أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا ۚ وَلَا تَعْزِمُوا عُقْدَةَ النِّكَاحِ حَتَّىٰ يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ ۚ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ فَاحْذَرُوهُ ۚ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ  

{ولا جُناح عليكم فيما عَرَّضتم} لوحتم {به من خطبة النساء} المتوفى عنهن أزواجهن في العدة كقول الإنسان: مثلا إنك لجميلة ومن يجد مثلك ورب راغب فيك {أو أكننتم} أضمرتم {في أنفسكم} من قصد نكاحهن {علم الله أنكم ستذكرونهن} بالخطبة ولا تصبرون عنهن فأباح لكم التعريض {ولكن لا تواعدوهن سرّاً} أي نكاحاً {إلا} لكن {أن تقولوا قولاً معروفا} أي ما عرف لكم شرعا من التعريض فلكم ذلك {ولا تعزموا عقدة النكاح} أي على عقده {حتى يبلغ الكتاب} أي المكتوب من العدة {أجله} بأن ينتهي {واعلموا أن الله يعلم ما في أنفسكم} من العزم وغيره {فاحذروه} أن يعاقبكم إذا عزمتم {واعلموا أن الله غفور} لمن يحذره {حليم} بتأخير العقوبة عن مستحقها.