2. Sūrat al-Baqarah

٢۔ سُورَةُ البَقَرَة

Qurʾān > Chapter 2 > Section 102
القرآن > كتاب ٢ > باب ١٠٢

2.102 Samuel: Israelites demand for a king. God appointed Saul as the king of Israelites.

٢۔١٠٢ مقطع في سُورَةُ البَقَرَة

quran:2:245 –

Who is it that would loan Allah a goodly loan so He may multiply it for him many times over? And it is Allah who withholds and grants abundance, and to Him you will be returned.  

Who is he that will lend God a loan, by expending his property in the way of God, that is good, by expending it for the sake of God, Mighty and Majestic, out of pureness of heart, and He will multiply (yudā‘if, also read yuda‘‘if) it for him manifold?, up to ten or seven hundred times or more, as will be mentioned soon. God straitens, sustenance for whomever He wills in order to try him, and enlarges, it in abundance for whomever He wills in order to test him; and to Him you shall be returned, in the Hereafter through the Resurrection, where He will requite you for your deeds.
القرآن:٢:٢٤٥ –

مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَقْبِضُ وَيَبْسُطُ وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ  

{من ذا الذي يقرض الله} بإنفاق ماله في سبيل الله {قرضا حسنا} بأن ينفقه لله ﷻ عن طيب قلب {فيضاعفه} وفي قراءة فيضعفه بالتشديد {له أضعافا كثيرة} من عشر إلى أكثر من سبعمائة كما سيأتي {والله يقبض} يمسك الرزق عمن يشاء ابتلاء {ويبسط} يوسعه لمن يشاء امتحانا {وإليه ترجعون} في الآخرة بالبعث فيجازيكم بأعمالكم.
quran:2:246 –

Have you not considered the assembly of the Children of Israel after ˹the time of˺ Moses when they said to a prophet of theirs, "Send to us a king, and we will fight in the way of Allah "? He said, "Would you perhaps refrain from fighting if fighting was prescribed for you?" They said, "And why should we not fight in the cause of Allah when we have been driven out from our homes and from our children?" But when fighting was prescribed for them, they turned away, except for a few of them. And Allah is Knowing of the wrongdoers.  

Have you not seen, the story and the tale of, the council, an assembly, of the Children of Israel, after, the death of, Moses, when they said to a prophet of theirs, namely, Samuel, ‘Send, establish, for us a king, to unite us and to whom we can refer ˹matters˺, and we will fight, with him, in God’s way’. He, the prophet, said, to them: ‘Might it be that (‘asaytum, or ‘asītum) if fighting is prescribed for you, you will not fight? (allā tuqātilū is the predicate of ‘asā, ‘might it be’; the interrogative is intended to confirm the expectation that follows ˹sc. that they will not fight˺). They said, ‘Why should we not fight in God’s way, when we have been expelled from our habitations and our children?’, as a result of these latter being taken captive or killed, that which they suffered at the hands of Goliath and his men. The meaning is, ‘There is nothing to stop us fighting, provided the requirement ˹we demanded˺ is forthcoming’. God, exalted be He, says, Yet when fighting was prescribed for them, they turned their backs, from fighting in cowardice, except a few of them, the ones that crossed the river with Saul (Tālūt), as will be mentioned; and God has knowledge of the evildoers, and will requite them accordingly. The prophet then asked his Lord to send forth a king, and God responded by sending forth Saul.
القرآن:٢:٢٤٦ –

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الْمَلَإِ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مُوسَىٰ إِذْ قَالُوا لِنَبِيٍّ لَهُمُ ابْعَثْ لَنَا مَلِكًا نُقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۖ قَالَ هَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ إِنْ كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِتَالُ أَلَّا تُقَاتِلُوا ۖ قَالُوا وَمَا لَنَا أَلَّا نُقَاتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَقَدْ أُخْرِجْنَا مِنْ دِيَارِنَا وَأَبْنَائِنَا ۖ فَلَمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقِتَالُ تَوَلَّوْا إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِنْهُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ  

{ألم تر إلى الملأ} الجماعة {من بني إسرائيل من بعد} موت {موسى} أي إلى قصتهم وخبرهم {إذ قالوا لنبي لهم} هو شمويل {ابعث} أقم {لنا ملكا نقاتل} معه {في سبيل الله} تنتظم به كلمتنا ونرجع إليه {قال} النبي لهم {هل عسَيتم} بالفتح والكسر {إن كتب عليكم القتال أ} ن {لا تقاتلوا} خبر عسى والاستفهام لتقرير التوقع بها {قالوا وما لنا أ} ن {لا نقاتل في سبيل الله وقد أُخرجنا من ديارنا وأبنائنا} بسبيهم وقتلهم وقد فعل بهم ذلك قوم جالوت أي لا مانع لنا منه مع وجود مقتضيه قال تعالى: {فلما كُتب عليهم القتال تولوا} عنه وجبنوا {إلا قليلا منهم} وهم الذين عبروا النهر مع طالوت كما سيأتي {والله عليم بالظالمين} فمجازيهم وسأل النبي إرسال ملك فأجابه إلى إرسال طالوت.
quran:2:247 –

And their prophet said to them, "Indeed, Allah has sent to you Saul as a king." They said, "How can he have kingship over us while we are more worthy of kingship than him and he has not been given any measure of wealth?" He said, "Indeed, Allah has chosen him over you and has increased him abundantly in knowledge and stature. And Allah gives His sovereignty to whom He wills. And Allah is all-Encompassing ˹in favor˺ and Knowing."  

Then their prophet said to them, ‘Verily God has raised up Saul for you as king’ They said, ‘How can he be king over us when we have better right than he to kingship, since he is not of the tribe of monarchs or that of prophets; he ˹Saul˺ was a tanner or a shepherd; seeing he has not been given amplitude of wealth?’ which he can use to establish a kingdom. He, the prophet, said, to them, ‘God has chosen him over you, for kingship, and has increased him broadly, amply, in knowledge and body: at that time, he was the most knowledgeable and the most handsome of all the Children of Israel, and the most perfect of character. God gives the kingship to whom He will, in the way He does, and there can be no objection; and God is Embracing, in His bounty, Knowing, of those who deserve it.
القرآن:٢:٢٤٧ –

وَقَالَ لَهُمْ نَبِيُّهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ بَعَثَ لَكُمْ طَالُوتَ مَلِكًا ۚ قَالُوا أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ عَلَيْنَا وَنَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِالْمُلْكِ مِنْهُ وَلَمْ يُؤْتَ سَعَةً مِنَ الْمَالِ ۚ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَاهُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَزَادَهُ بَسْطَةً فِي الْعِلْمِ وَالْجِسْمِ ۖ وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِي مُلْكَهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ  

{وقال لهم نبيهم إن الله قد بعث لكم طالوت ملكا قالوا أنَى} كيف {يكون له الملك علينا ونحن أحق بالملك منه} لأنه ليس من سبط المملكة ولا النبوة وكان دباغا أو راعيا {ولم يؤت سعة من المال} يستعين بها على إقامة الملك {قال} النبي لهم {إن الله اصطفاه} اختاره للملك {عليكم وزاده بسطة} سعة {في العلم والجسم} وكان أعلم بني إسرائيل يومئذ وأجملهم وأتمهم خلقا {والله يؤتي ملكه من يشاء} إيتاءه لا اعتراض عليه {والله واسع} فضله {عليم} بمن هو أهل له.
quran:2:248 –

And their prophet said to them, "Indeed, a sign of his kingship is that the chest will come to you in which is assurance from your Lord and a remnant of what the family of Moses and the family of Aaron had left, carried by the angels. Indeed in that is a sign for you, if you are believers."  

And their prophet said to them, after they had demanded a sign of his kingship: ‘The sign of his kingship is that there will come to you the Ark, a chest containing the images of the prophets, which God sent down to Adam, and which was handed down to them ˹sc. the Israelites˺, until the Amalekites seized it from them in battle. They used to commence fighting invoking it before their enemy and marching behind it, as well as experience peacefulness in its presence, as God says: therein is a Spirit of Peace, reassurance for your hearts, from your Lord, and a remnant of what the folk of Moses and the folk of Aaron left behind, which were Moses’s pair of sandals and his staff, Aaron’s turban, a measure (qafīz) of the manna that used to come down on them, and the pieces of the broken tablets, the angels bearing it (tahmiluhu l-malā’ikatu, the circumstantial qualifier referring to the subject of the verb ya’tiyakum, ‘there will come to’). Surely in that shall be a sign for you, of his kingship, if you are believers’. The angels bore it between the earth and the sky while they gazed at it, until finally they placed it before Saul. They then acknowledged his kingship and hastened to enlist in the ˹holy˺ struggle, and he chose seventy thousand of their young men.
القرآن:٢:٢٤٨ –

وَقَالَ لَهُمْ نَبِيُّهُمْ إِنَّ آيَةَ مُلْكِهِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَكُمُ التَّابُوتُ فِيهِ سَكِينَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَبَقِيَّةٌ مِمَّا تَرَكَ آلُ مُوسَىٰ وَآلُ هَارُونَ تَحْمِلُهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ  

{وقال لهم نبيهم} لما طلبوا منه آية على ملكه {إن آية ملكه أن يأتيكم التابوت} الصندوق كان فيه صور الأنبياء أنزله الله على آدم واستمر إليهم فغلبهم العمالقة عليه وأخذوه وكانوا يستفتحون به على عدوهم ويقدمونه في القتال ويسكنون إليه كما قال تعالى {فيه سكينة} طمأنينة لقلوبكم {من ربكم وبقية مما ترك آل موسى وآل هارون} أي تركاه هما، وهي نعلا موسى وعصاه وعمامة هارون وقفيز من المن الذي كان ينزل عليهم ورضاض من الألواح {تحمله الملائكة} حال من فاعل يأتيكم {إن في ذلك لآية لكم} على ملكه {إن كنتم مؤمنين} فحملته الملائكة بين السماء والأرض وهم ينظرون إليه حتى وضعته عند طالوت فأقروا بملكه وتسارعوا إلى الجهاد فاختار من شبابهم سبعين ألفاً.