2. Sūrat al-Baqarah

٢۔ سُورَةُ البَقَرَة

Qurʾān > Chapter 2 > Section 103
القرآن > كتاب ٢ > باب ١٠٣

2.103 David: The story of David and Goliath. Victory is not by numbers by the permission of God. David's prophethood.

٢۔١٠٣ مقطع في سُورَةُ البَقَرَة

quran:2:249 –

And when Saul went forth with the soldiers, he said, "Indeed, Allah will be testing you with a river. So whoever drinks from it is not of me, and whoever does not taste it is indeed of me, excepting one who takes ˹from it˺ in the hollow of his hand." But they drank from it, except a ˹very˺ few of them. Then when he had crossed it along with those who believed with him, they said, "There is no power for us today against Goliath and his soldiers." But those who were certain that they would meet Allah said, "How many a small company has overcome a large company by permission of Allah. And Allah is with the patient."  

And when Saul went forth with the hosts, from the Holy House ˹sc. Jerusalem˺, the heat was intense and so they asked him for water; he said, ‘God will try, test, you, in order to distinguish the obedient among you from the disobedient, with a river, between Jordan and Palestine, whoever drinks of it, of its water, is not of me, is not of my followers, and whoever tastes it not, he is of me, except for him who scoops up with his hand’ (ghurfa, or gharfa, ‘a scoop’), satisfying himself therewith and not taking more, he is also of my followers. But they drank of it, when they reached it and saw that it was abundant, except a few of them, who restricted themselves to a scoop: it is reported that one scoop was enough for each man and his horse, and they numbered over three hundred; and when he crossed it, with those who believed, the ones who confined themselves to the one scoop, they, the ones that drank profusely, said, ‘We have no power today against Goliath and his troops’, that is, ˹no power˺ to fight them, and they were cowardly and did not cross it. Those who thought, with certainty that, they would meet God, at the Resurrection, and these were the ones that crossed it, said, ‘How often (kam, ‘how’, functions as a predicate, meaning kathīr, ‘many’) a little company, group of men, has overcome a numerous one, by God’s leave, by His will; and God is with the patient’, ˹providing them˺ with help and assistance.
القرآن:٢:٢٤٩ –

فَلَمَّا فَصَلَ طَالُوتُ بِالْجُنُودِ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مُبْتَلِيكُمْ بِنَهَرٍ فَمَنْ شَرِبَ مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ مِنِّي وَمَنْ لَمْ يَطْعَمْهُ فَإِنَّهُ مِنِّي إِلَّا مَنِ اغْتَرَفَ غُرْفَةً بِيَدِهِ ۚ فَشَرِبُوا مِنْهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِنْهُمْ ۚ فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَهُ هُوَ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ قَالُوا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا الْيَوْمَ بِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِ ۚ قَالَ الَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُمْ مُلَاقُو اللَّهِ كَمْ مِنْ فِئَةٍ قَلِيلَةٍ غَلَبَتْ فِئَةً كَثِيرَةً بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ  

{فلمَّا فصل} خرج {طالوت بالجنود} من بيت المقدس وكان الحر شديدا وطلبوا منه الماء {قال إن الله مبتليكم} مختبركم {بنهر} ليظهر المطيع منكم والعاصي وهو بين الأردن وفلسطين {فمن شرب منه} أي من مائه {فليس مني} أي من أتباعي {ومن لم يطعمه} يذقه {فإنه مني إلا من اغترف غرفة} بالفتح والضم {بيده} فاكتفى بها ولم يزد عليها فإنه مني {فشربوا منه} لما وافوه بكثرة {إلا قليلا منهم} فاقتصروا على الغرفة روي أنها كفتهم لشربهم ودوابهم وكانوا ثلاثمائة وبضعة عشر رجلا {فلما جاوزه هو والذين آمنوا معه} وهم الذين اقتصروا على الغرفة {قالوا} أي الذين شربوا {لا طاقة} قوة {لنا اليوم بجالوت وجنوده} أي بقتالهم وجبنوا ولم يجاوزوه {قال الذين يظنون} يوقنون {أنهم ملاقوا الله} بالبعث وهم الذين جاوزوه {كم} خبرية بمعني كثير {من فئة} جماعة {قليلة غلبت فئة كثيرة بإذن الله} بإرادته {والله مع الصابرين} بالعون والنصر.
quran:2:250 –

And when they went forth to ˹face˺ Goliath and his soldiers, they said, "Our Lord, pour upon us patience and plant firmly our feet and give us victory over the disbelieving people."  

So, when they went forth against Goliath and his troops, facing them in military columns, they said, ‘Our Lord, pour out upon us patience, and make firm our feet, by strengthening our hearts for this struggle, and grant us victory over the disbelieving folk!’
القرآن:٢:٢٥٠ –

وَلَمَّا بَرَزُوا لِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِ قَالُوا رَبَّنَا أَفْرِغْ عَلَيْنَا صَبْرًا وَثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَنَا وَانْصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ  

{ولما برزوا لجالوت وجنوده} أي ظهروا لقتالهم وتصافّوا {قالوا ربنا أفرغ} أصبب {علينا صبرا وثبت أقدامنا} بتقوية قلوبنا على الجهاد {وانصرنا على القوم الكافرين}.
quran:2:251 –

So they defeated them by permission of Allah, and David killed Goliath, and Allah gave him the kingship and prophethood and taught him from that which He willed. And if it were not for Allah checking ˹some˺ people by means of others, the earth would have been corrupted, but Allah is full of bounty to the worlds.  

And they routed, they broke, them, by the leave of God, by His will, and David, who was among the ranks of Saul’s army, slew Goliath; and God gave him, David, the kingship, over the Children of Israel, and Wisdom, prophethood after the death of Samuel and Saul, and the combination ˹of kingship and prophethood˺ had never come to anyone before him; and He taught him such as He willed, of the manufacture of mail-coats and the speech of birds. Had God not repelled people some (ba‘dahum, ‘some’, substitutes for ˹saying˺ ba‘dan min al-nās, ‘some people’) by means of others the earth would have surely been corrupted, with idolaters defeating and slaying Muslims, and mosques being destroyed; but God is bounteous to all worlds, by repelling some by means of others.
القرآن:٢:٢٥١ –

فَهَزَمُوهُمْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَقَتَلَ دَاوُودُ جَالُوتَ وَآتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَهُ مِمَّا يَشَاءُ ۗ وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَفَسَدَتِ الْأَرْضُ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ  

{فهزموهم} كسروهم {بإذن الله} بإرادته {وقتل داود} وكان في عسكر طالوت {جالوت وآتاه} أي داود {الله الملك} في بني إسرائيل {والحكمة} النبوة بعد موت شمويل وطالوت ولم يجتمعا لأحد قبله {وعلّمه مما يشاء} كصنعة الدروع ومنطق الطير {ولولا دفع الله الناس بعضهم} بدل بعض من الناس {ببعض لفسدت الأرض} بغلبة المشركين وقتل المسلمين وتخريب المساجد {ولكنّ الله ذو فضل على العالمين} فدفع بعضهم ببعض.
quran:2:252 –

These are the verses of Allah which We recite to you, ˹O Muhammad˺, in truth. And indeed, you are from among the messengers.  

These, verses, are the verses of God We recite to you, O Muhammad (s), as narration, in truth, and assuredly you are one of the Messengers ˹of God˺, the emphasis is made here with the particle inna ˹of innaka, ‘surely you are’˺, with the remainder of the statement being a rebuttal of the disbelievers’ saying, ‘You are no Messenger’.
القرآن:٢:٢٥٢ –

تِلْكَ آيَاتُ اللَّهِ نَتْلُوهَا عَلَيْكَ بِالْحَقِّ ۚ وَإِنَّكَ لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ  

{تلك} هذه الآيات {آيات الله نتلوها} نقصها {عليك} يا محمد {بالحق} بالصدق {وإنك لمن المرسلين} التأكيد بأن وغيرها ردٌ لقول الكفار له لست مرسلا.