2. Sūrat al-Baqarah

٢۔ سُورَةُ البَقَرَة

2.3 Attributes of hypocrites and the consequences of hypocrisy.

٢۔٣ مقطع في سُورَةُ البَقَرَة

quran:2:8

And of the people are some who say, "We believe in Allah and the Last Day," but they are not believers.  

The following was revealed concerning the hypocrites: and some people there are who say, ‘We believe in God and the Last Day’, that is, in the Day of Resurrection because it is the very last day; but they are not believers (the ˹plural˺ import of man ˹in man yaqūl, ‘who says’˺ is taken into account here, as expressed by a pronoun ˹hum˺ that expresses this ˹plural˺ meaning).
القرآن:٢:٨

وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَبِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَمَا هُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ  

ونزل في المنافقين: {ومن الناس من يقول آمنا بالله وباليوم الآخر} أي يوم القيامة لأنه آخر الأيام {وما هم بمؤمنين} روعي فيه معنى من، وفي ضمير يقول لفظها.
quran:2:9

They ˹think to˺ deceive Allah and those who believe, but they deceive not except themselves and perceive ˹it˺ not.  

They would deceive God and the believers, by manifesting the opposite of the unbelief they hide, so that they can avoid His rulings in this world; and only themselves they deceive (yukhādi‘ūn), for the evil consequences of their deception will rebound upon them, as they are disgraced in this world when God makes known to His Prophet what they are hiding, and they will be punished in the Hereafter; and they are not aware, and they do not know that they are actually deceiving themselves (mukhāda‘a ˹although a third verbal form, from khāda‘a˺ actually denotes a one-way action, such as ˹when one says˺ ‘āqabtu al-lissa, ‘I punished the thief’ ˹using the third verbal form ‘āqaba˺; the mention of ‘God’ in ˹this statement˺ is for ˹rhetorical˺ effect; a variant reading ˹for wa-mā yukhādi‘ūna˺ has wa-mā yakhda‘ūna).
القرآن:٢:٩

يُخَادِعُونَ اللَّهَ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَمَا يَخْدَعُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ  

{يخادعون الله والذين آمنوا} بإظهار خلاف ما أبطنوه من الكفر ليدفعوا عنهم أحكامه الدنيوية {وما يخدعون إلا أنفسهم} لأن وبال خداعهم راجع إليهم فيفتضحون في الدنيا بإطلاع الله نبيه على ما أبطنوه ويعاقبون في الآخرة {وما يشعرون} يعلمون أن خداعهم لأنفسهم، والمخادعة هنا من واحد كعاقبت اللص وذكر الله فيها تحسين، وفي قراءة وما يخدعون.
quran:2:10

In their hearts is disease, so Allah has increased their disease; and for them is a painful punishment because they ˹habitually˺ used to lie.  

In their hearts is a sickness: doubt and hypocrisy, which ails their hearts, debilitating them; and God has increased their sickness with what He has revealed in the Qur’ān, since they disbelieve it; and there awaits them a painful chastisement because they used to lie (read yukadhdhibūn to imply ˹that they used to call˺ the Prophet of God ˹a liar˺, or yakdhibūn to imply their ˹mendacity when˺ saying ‘we believe’).
القرآن:٢:١٠

فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ فَزَادَهُمُ اللَّهُ مَرَضًا ۖ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْذِبُونَ  

{في قلوبهم مرض} شك ونفاق فهو يمرض قلوبهم أي يضعفها {فزادهم الله مرضاً} بما أنزله من القرآن لكفرهم به {ولهم عذاب أليم} مؤلم {بما كانوا يُكذّبوِن} بالتشديد أي: نبي الله، وبالتخفيف أي قولهم آمنا.
quran:2:11

And when it is said to them, "Do not cause corruption on the earth," they say, "We are but reformers."  

When it is said to them, that is, these latter, ‘Do not spread corruption in the land’, through unbelief and hindering ˹people from˺ faith, They say, ‘We are only putting things right’, that is, ‘we are not engaging in corruption’. God, exalted be He, refutes them, saying:
القرآن:٢:١١

وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ لَا تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُصْلِحُونَ  

{وإذا قيل لهم} أي لهؤلاء {لا تفسدوا في الأرض} بالكفر والتعويق عن الإيمان. {قالوا إنما نحن مصلحون} وليس ما نحن فيه بفساد. قال الله تعالى رداً عليهم.
quran:2:12

Unquestionably, it is they who are the corrupters, but they perceive ˹it˺ not.  

Truly (a-lā, ‘truly’, is for alerting), intended emphatically, they are the agents of corruption, but they perceive, this, not.
القرآن:٢:١٢

أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْمُفْسِدُونَ وَلَٰكِنْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ  

{ألا} للتنبيه {إنهم هم المفسدون ولكن لا يشعرون} بذلك.
quran:2:13

And when it is said to them, "Believe as the people have believed," they say, "Should we believe as the foolish have believed?" Unquestionably, it is they who are the foolish, but they know ˹it˺ not.  

When it is said to them, ‘Believe as the people believe’, that is, as the Companions of the Prophet (s), They say, ‘Shall we believe as fools believe?’, that is, as the ignorant do? No we do not follow their way. The exalted One refutes them, saying: Truly, they are the foolish ones, but they know, this, not.
القرآن:٢:١٣

وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ آمِنُوا كَمَا آمَنَ النَّاسُ قَالُوا أَنُؤْمِنُ كَمَا آمَنَ السُّفَهَاءُ ۗ أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ السُّفَهَاءُ وَلَٰكِنْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ  

{وإذا قيل لهم آمنوا كما آمن الناس} أصحاب النبي {قالوا أنؤمن كما آمن السفهاء} الجهال أي لا نفعل كفعلهم. قال تعالى ردا َعليهم: {ألا إنهم هم السفهاء ولكن لا يعلمون} ذلك.
quran:2:14

And when they meet those who believe, they say, "We believe"; but when they are alone with their evil ones, they say, "Indeed, we are with you; we were only mockers."  

When they meet (laqū is actually laquyū, but the damma has been omitted, being too cumbersome for pronunciation; likewise the yā’ ˹is omitted˺, because it is unvocalised and is followed by a wāw); those who believe, they say, ‘We believe’; but when they go apart, away from them and return, to their devils, their leaders, they say, ‘We are with you, in religion; we were only mocking, them ˹the believers˺ by feigning belief.
القرآن:٢:١٤

وَإِذَا لَقُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَالُوا آمَنَّا وَإِذَا خَلَوْا إِلَىٰ شَيَاطِينِهِمْ قَالُوا إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُسْتَهْزِئُونَ  

{وإذا لقوا} أصله لقيوا حذفت الضمة للاستثقال ثم الياء لالتقائها ساكنة مع الواو {الذين آمنوا قالوا آمنا وإذا خلوا} منهم ورجعوا {إلى شياطينهم} رؤسائهم {قالوا إنا معكم} في الدين {إِنَّما نحن مستهزئون} بهم بإظهار الإيمان.
quran:2:15

˹But˺ Allah mocks them and prolongs them in their transgression ˹while˺ they wander blindly.  

God ˹Himself˺ mocks them, requiting them for their mockery, leaving them, that is, giving them respite, in their insolence, that is, in their transgressing the limits of unbelief; bewildered, wavering, in perplexity (ya‘mahūn is a circumstantial qualifier).
القرآن:٢:١٥

اللَّهُ يَسْتَهْزِئُ بِهِمْ وَيَمُدُّهُمْ فِي طُغْيَانِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ  

{الله يستهزئ بهم} يجازيهم باستهزائهم {ويمدهم} يُمهلهم {في طغيانهم} بتجاوزهم الحد بالكفر {يعمهون} يترددون تحيراً حال.
quran:2:16

Those are the ones who have purchased error ˹in exchange˺ for guidance, so their transaction has brought no profit, nor were they guided.  

Those are they who have bought error for guidance, that is, they have exchanged the latter for the former; so their commerce has not profited them, that is to say, they have gained nothing from it, indeed, they have lost, because their destination is the Fire, made everlasting for them; nor are they guided, in what they did.
القرآن:٢:١٦

أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الضَّلَالَةَ بِالْهُدَىٰ فَمَا رَبِحَتْ تِجَارَتُهُمْ وَمَا كَانُوا مُهْتَدِينَ  

{أولئك الذين اشتروا الضلالة بالهدى} أي استبدلوها به {فما ربحت تجارتهم} أي ما ربحوا فيها بل خسروا لمصيرهم إلي النار المؤبدة عليهم {وما كانوا مهتدين} فيما فعلوا.