2. Sūrat al-Baqarah

٢۔ سُورَةُ البَقَرَة

2.114 Giving charity in public and private and its reward; Charity for the poor to proud to ask for a handout.

٢۔١١٤ مقطع في سُورَةُ البَقَرَة

quran:2:270

And whatever you spend of expenditures or make of vows - indeed, Allah knows of it. And for the wrongdoers there are no helpers.  

And whatever expenditure you expend, be it as alms or a voluntary almsgiving, and whatever vow you make, and fulfil, surely God knows it, and will requite you for it. For the evildoers, who prevent almsgiving and vows, or expend other than the way they should, in disobedience to God, they have no helpers, to protect them from His chastisement.
القرآن:٢:٢٧٠

وَمَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ مِنْ نَفَقَةٍ أَوْ نَذَرْتُمْ مِنْ نَذْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُهُ ۗ وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ أَنْصَارٍ  

{وما أنفقتم من نفقة} أديتم من زكاة أو صدقة {أو نذرتم من نذر} فوفيتم به {فإن الله يعلمه} فيجازيكم عليه {وما للظالمين} بمنع الزكاة والنذر أو بوضع الإنفاق في غير محله من معاصي الله {من أنصار} مانعين لهم من عذابه.
quran:2:271

If you disclose your charitable expenditures, they are good; but if you conceal them and give them to the poor, it is better for you, and He will remove from you some of your misdeeds ˹thereby˺. And Allah, with what you do, is ˹fully˺ Acquainted.  

If you proclaim, make manifest, your voluntary almsgivings, that is, your supererogatory deeds, it is a fine thing, to show them; but if you conceal them, and give them to the poor, that is even better for you, than making them manifest or giving it to the rich. As regards the obligatory almsgiving, it is better to make it manifest, so that it serves as an example and so that one is not accused ˹falsely of not giving˺; as regards giving it to the poor, this is obligatory; and it will absolve you of, some of, your evil deeds (read yukaffir, ‘it will absolve’, or nukaffir, ‘We will absolve’, either in apocopated form ˹with no final vowel, yukaffir, nukaffir˺, being a supplement to the locus of fa-huwa, ‘that is’, or with nominative inflection ˹yukaffiru, nukaffiru˺, indicating the beginning of a new sentence). God is aware of what you do, knowing its inner and outer aspects, nothing of it being hidden from Him.
القرآن:٢:٢٧١

إِنْ تُبْدُوا الصَّدَقَاتِ فَنِعِمَّا هِيَ ۖ وَإِنْ تُخْفُوهَا وَتُؤْتُوهَا الْفُقَرَاءَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ ۚ وَيُكَفِّرُ عَنْكُمْ مِنْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ  

{إن تبدوا} تظهروا {الصدقات} أي النوافل {فَنعمَّا هي} أي نعم شيئاً إبداؤها {وإن تخفوها} تسروها {وتؤتوها الفقراء فهو خير لكم} من إبدائها وإيتائها الأغنياء أما صدقة الفرض فالأفضل إظهارها ليقتدي به ولئلا يتهم، وإيتاؤها الفقراء متعين {ويكَفِّر} بالياء والنون مجزوما بالعطف على محل فهو ومرفوعا على الاستئناف {عنكم من} بعض {سيئاتكم والله بما تعملون خبير} عالم بباطنه كظاهره لا يخفى عليه شيء منه.
quran:2:272

Not upon you, ˹O Muhammad˺, is ˹responsibility for˺ their guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills. And whatever good you ˹believers˺ spend is for yourselves, and you do not spend except seeking the countenance of Allah. And whatever you spend of good - it will be fully repaid to you, and you will not be wronged.  

When the Prophet (s) was prohibited from giving voluntary alms to idolaters ˹as an incentive˺ for them to embrace Islam, the following was revealed: You are not responsible for guiding them, that is to say, for people, that they should embrace Islam, ˹you are responsible˺ only for conveying the Message ˹to them˺; but God guides, with His guidance, whomever He will, to embrace Islam. And whatever good, property, you expend is for yourselves, since the reward is for you; for then you are expending, desiring only God’s Face (this clause is the predicate, denoting a prohibition), that is to say, His reward and not any other transient object of this world, and whatever good you expend, its requital, shall be repaid to you in full, and you will not be wronged, you will not suffer any diminishment of it (both ˹of the last two˺ sentences emphasise the first one).
القرآن:٢:٢٧٢

لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ هُدَاهُمْ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۗ وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَلِأَنْفُسِكُمْ ۚ وَمَا تُنْفِقُونَ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ يُوَفَّ إِلَيْكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تُظْلَمُونَ  

ولما منع ﷺ من التصدق على المشركين ليسلموا نزل: {ليس عليك هداهم} أي الناس إلى الدخول في الإسلام إنما عليك البلاغ {ولكن الله يهدي من يشاء} هدايته إلى الدخول فيه {وما تنفقوا من خير} مال {فلأنفسكم} لأن ثوابه لها {وما تنفقون إلا ابتغاء وجه الله} أي ثوابه لاغيره من أعراض الدنيا خبر بمعنى النهي {وما تنفقوا من خير يوفَّ إليكم} جزاؤه {وأنتم لا تُظلمون} تنقصون منه شيئاً والجملتان تأكيد للأولى.
quran:2:273

˹Charity is˺ for the poor who have been restricted for the cause of Allah, unable to move about in the land. An ignorant ˹person˺ would think them self-sufficient because of their restraint, but you will know them by their ˹characteristic˺ sign. They do not ask people persistently ˹or at all˺. And whatever you spend of good - indeed, Allah is Knowing of it.  

For the poor (this is the predicate of the missing subject, al-sadaqāt, ‘voluntary almsgiving’), who are constrained in the way of God, those who have confined themselves ˹in preparation˺ for the struggle: this was revealed concerning the people of Suffa, consisting in some four hundred of the Emigrants (muhājirūn), set apart ˹from the other Muslims˺ for the study of the Qur’ān and to take part in raids; and they are unable to journey (darban, means safaran) in the land, to engage in commerce and earn their living, since they are fully engaged in the struggle; the ignorant man supposes them, on account of the way they behave, rich because of their abstinence, that is, their refraining from asking for things; but you, the one being addressed, shall know them by their mark, by the signs of their humility and exertion; they do not beg of men, and make urgent demands, importunately, that is to say, they do not beg in the first place, so there is no question of persistence. And whatever good you expend, surely God has knowledge of it, and will requite it accordingly.
القرآن:٢:٢٧٣

لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الَّذِينَ أُحْصِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ ضَرْبًا فِي الْأَرْضِ يَحْسَبُهُمُ الْجَاهِلُ أَغْنِيَاءَ مِنَ التَّعَفُّفِ تَعْرِفُهُمْ بِسِيمَاهُمْ لَا يَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا ۗ وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِهِ عَلِيمٌ  

{للفقراء} خبر مبتدأ محذوف أي الصدقات {الذين أحصروا في سبيل الله} أي حبسوا أنفسهم على الجهاد، نزلت في أهل الصُّفَّةِ وهم أربعمائة من المهاجرين أرصدوا لتعلم القرآن والخروج مع السرايا {لا يستطيعون ضربا} سفرا {في الأرض} للتجارة والمعاش لشغلهم عنه بالجهاد {يحسبهم الجاهل} بحالهم {أغنياء من التعفف} أي لتعففهم عن السؤال وتركه {تعرفهم} يا مخاطب {بسيماهم} علامتهم من التواضع وأثر الجهد {لا يسألون الناس} شيئا فيلحفون {إلحافا} أي لا سؤال لهم أصلا فلا يقع منهم إلحاف وهو الإلحاح {وما تنفقوا من خير فإن الله به عليم} فمجاز عليه.
quran:2:274

Those who spend their wealth ˹in Allah 's way˺ by night and by day, secretly and publicly - they will have their reward with their Lord. And no fear will there be concerning them, nor will they grieve.  

Those who expend their wealth night and day, secretly and openly, their wage awaits them with their Lord, and no fear shall befall them, neither shall they grieve.
القرآن:٢:٢٧٤

الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً فَلَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ  

{الذين ينفقون أموالهم بالليل والنهار سرا وعلانية فلهم أجرهم عند ربَّهم ولا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون}.