2. Sūrat al-Baqarah

٢۔ سُورَةُ البَقَرَة

2.115 Prohibition of usury and permissibility of trade.

٢۔١١٥ مقطع في سُورَةُ البَقَرَة

quran:2:275

Those who consume interest cannot stand ˹on the Day of Resurrection˺ except as one stands who is being beaten by Satan into insanity. That is because they say, "Trade is ˹just˺ like interest." But Allah has permitted trade and has forbidden interest. So whoever has received an admonition from his Lord and desists may have what is past, and his affair rests with Allah. But whoever returns to ˹dealing in interest or usury˺ - those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide eternally therein.  

Those who devour, that is, ˹those who˺ seize by way of, usury, which is an excess ˹levied˺ in transactions of money or foodstuffs either on their value or on credit, shall not rise again, from their graves, except, rising, as one whom Satan has made prostrate, demented, from touch, ˹through˺ madness (min al-mass, ‘from touch’, is semantically connected to yaqūmūna, ‘they rise’); that, which befalls them, is because, of the fact that, they say, ‘Trade is like usury’, in terms of permissibility: this ˹statement˺ is a type of reversed simile used for intensity ˹sc. ‘usury is like trade’ is the expected word order˺. God responds to them saying that: God has permitted trade, and forbidden usury. Whoever receives an admonition from his Lord and desists, from devouring it, he shall have his past gains, those made before the prohibition and which cannot be reclaimed from him, and his affair, with regard to pardoning him, is committed to God; but whoever reverts, to devouring it, treating it like trade in terms of lawfulness — those are the inhabitants of the Fire, abiding therein.
القرآن:٢:٢٧٥

الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبَا لَا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ مِثْلُ الرِّبَا ۗ وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا ۚ فَمَنْ جَاءَهُ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَانْتَهَىٰ فَلَهُ مَا سَلَفَ وَأَمْرُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ ۖ وَمَنْ عَادَ فَأُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ  

{الذين يأكلون الربا} أي ياخذونه وهو الزيادة في المعاملة بالنقود والمطعومات في القدر أو الأجل {لا يقومون} من قبورهم {إلا} قياما {كما يقوم الذي يتخبطه} يصرعه {الشيطان من المس} الجنون، متعلق بيقومون {ذلك} الذي نزل بهم {بأنهم} بسبب أنهم {قالوا إنما البيع مثل الربا} في الجواز وهذا من عكس التشبيه مبالغة فقال تعالى ردا عليهم: {وأحل الله البيع وحرم الربا فمن جاءه} بلغه {موعظة} وعظ {من ربِّه فانتهى} عن أكله {فله ما سلف} قبل النهي أي لا يسترد منه {وأمره} في العفو عنه {إلى الله ومن عاد} إلى أكله مشبها له بالبيع في الحلِّ {فأولئك أصحاب النار هم فيها خالدون}.
quran:2:276

Allah destroys interest and gives increase for charities. And Allah does not like every sinning disbeliever.  

God effaces usury, diminishing it and eliminating any blessing in it, but He augments voluntary almsgivings with interest, increasing them, making them grow and multiplying their reward. God loves not, that is to say, He will requite, any guilty, profligate devouring it, ingrate, who deems usury licit.
القرآن:٢:٢٧٦

يَمْحَقُ اللَّهُ الرِّبَا وَيُرْبِي الصَّدَقَاتِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ أَثِيمٍ  

{يمحق الله الربا} ينقصه ويذهب بركته {ويربي الصدقات} يزيدها وينميها ويضاعف ثوابها {والله لا يحب كل كفَّار} بتحليل الربا {أثيم} فاجر بأكله أي يعاقبه.
quran:2:277

Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds and establish prayer and give zakah will have their reward with their Lord, and there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve.  

Those who believe and perform righteous deeds, and establish the prayer, and pay the alms — their wage awaits them with their Lord, and no fear shall befall them, neither shall they grieve.
القرآن:٢:٢٧٧

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ  

{إن الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات وأقاموا الصلاة وآتوا الزكاة لهم أجرهم عند ربهم ولا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون}.
quran:2:278

O you who have believed, fear Allah and give up what remains ˹due to you˺ of interest, if you should be believers.  

O you who believe, fear God, and give up, abandon, the usury that is outstanding, if you are believers, true to your faith, since it is expected of the believer that he adhere to God’s command: this was revealed when some of the Companions, after the prohibition, wanted to reclaim some of the usury from before.
القرآن:٢:٢٧٨

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله وذروا} اتركوا {ما بقي من الربا إن كنتم مؤمنين} صادقين في إيمانكم فإن من شأن المؤمن امتثال أمر الله تعالى، نزلت لما طالب بعض الصحابة بعد النهي بربا كان لهم من قبل.
quran:2:279

And if you do not, then be informed of a war ˹against you˺ from Allah and His Messenger. But if you repent, you may have your principal - ˹thus˺ you do no wrong, nor are you wronged.  

But if you do not, do what you have been commanded, then be warned, have knowledge, of war from God, and His Messenger, against you: herein is a grave threat for them. When it was revealed, they said, ‘What power can we have in a war against Him!’ Yet if you repent, and forgo it, you shall have your principal sums, the original amounts, not being unjust, by charging interest, and no injustice being done to you, by way of any diminution.
القرآن:٢:٢٧٩

فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ۖ وَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ رُءُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ لَا تَظْلِمُونَ وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ  

{فإن لم تفعلوا} ما أمرتم به {فأذنوا} اعلمَوا {بحرب من الله ورسوله} لكم فيه تهديد شديد لهم ولما نزلت قالوا لا بد لنا بحربه {وإن تبتم} رجعتم عنه {فلكم رءوس} أصول {أموالكم لاتَظلمون} بزيادة {ولا تُظلمون} بنقص.
quran:2:280

And if someone is in hardship, then ˹let there be˺ postponement until ˹a time of˺ ease. But if you give ˹from your right as˺ charity, then it is better for you, if you only knew.  

And if any man, in debt, should be in difficulties, then, let him have, respite, a postponement, till things are easier (read maysara or maysura, meaning ‘a time of ease’); but that you should give (tassaddaqū, where the second tā’ of the softened form, tatasaddaqū, has been assimilated with the sād), the one in difficulty, a voluntary almsgiving, by waiving his debt, is better for you, did you but know, ˹if you know˺ that it is better for you, then do it. In a hadīth it is said, ‘Whoever gives respite to one in difficulty, or waives his debt, God will place him under His shade, on a day when there shall be no shade except God’s’, as reported by Muslim.
القرآن:٢:٢٨٠

وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَىٰ مَيْسَرَةٍ ۚ وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ ۖ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ  

(وإن كان) وقع غريم (ذو عسرة فنظرة) له أي عليكم تأخيره (إلى ميسرة) بفتح السين وضمها أي وقت يسر (وأن تصدقوا) بالتشديد على إدغام التاء في الأصل في الصاد وبالتخفيف على حذفها أي تتصدقوا على المعسر بالإبراء (خير لكم إن كنتم تعلمون) أنه خير فافعلوه وفي الحديث "" من أنظر معسرا أو وضع عنه أظله الله في ظله يوم لا ظل إلا ظله "" رواه مسلم.
quran:2:281

And fear a Day when you will be returned to Allah. Then every soul will be compensated for what it earned, and they will not be treated unjustly.  

And fear a day wherein you shall be returned to God, namely, the Day of Resurrection (read the passive ˹turja‘ūna˺ meaning, ‘you shall be returned’, or the active ˹tarji‘ūna˺ meaning ‘you shall return’), and every soul, on that day, shall be paid in full, the requital of, what it has earned, what it has done of good or evil; and they shall not be wronged, through any loss of a good deed or the incurring of an extra evil deed.
القرآن:٢:٢٨١

وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ۖ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّىٰ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ  

{واتقوا يوما تُرجعون} بالبناء للمفعول تردون وللفاعل تصيرون {فيه إلى الله} هو يوم القيامة {ثم توفَّى} فيه {كل نفس} جزاء {ما كسبت} عملت من خير وشر {وهم لا يُظلمون} بنقص حسنة أو زيادة سيْئة.