2. Sūrat al-Baqarah

٢۔ سُورَةُ البَقَرَة

2.23 Moses: Israelites rejected the heavenly food and their disobedience and transgression.

٢۔٢٣ مقطع في سُورَةُ البَقَرَة

quran:2:61

And ˹recall˺ when you said, "O Moses, we can never endure one ˹kind of˺ food. So call upon your Lord to bring forth for us from the earth its green herbs and its cucumbers and its garlic and its lentils and its onions." ˹Moses˺ said, "Would you exchange what is better for what is less? Go into ˹any˺ settlement and indeed, you will have what you have asked." And they were covered with humiliation and poverty and returned with anger from Allah ˹upon them˺. That was because they ˹repeatedly˺ disbelieved in the signs of Allah and killed the prophets without right. That was because they disobeyed and were ˹habitually˺ transgressing.  

And when you said, ‘Moses, we will not endure one sort of food, that is to say, manna and quails; pray to your Lord for us, that He may bring forth for us, something, of (min here is explicative) what the earth produces — green herbs, cucumbers, garlic, lentils, onions’, he, Moses, said, to them, ‘Would you exchange what is better, more noble, that is, do you substitute this, with what is lowlier?’ (the hamza of a-tastabdilūna is for rebuke); they thus refused to change their mind and he ˹Moses˺ supplicated to God, and He, exalted be He, said, ‘Go down to a city, whichever city it may be; you shall have, there, what you demanded’ of vegetable produce; And abasement, submissiveness, and wretchedness, that is, the signs of poverty on account of their submissiveness and debasement that always accompany them, even if they be rich, in the same way that a coin never changes its mint; were cast upon them, and they incurred, ended up with God’s wrath; that, that is, that affliction and wrath, was because they used to disbelieve the signs of God and slay prophets, such as Zachariah and John, without right, that is, unjustly; that was because they disobeyed, and they were transgressors, overstepping the bounds in disobedience (here the repetition ˹dhālik bi-mā ‘asaw wa-kānū ya‘tadūn˺ is for emphasis).
القرآن:٢:٦١

وَإِذْ قُلْتُمْ يَا مُوسَىٰ لَنْ نَصْبِرَ عَلَىٰ طَعَامٍ وَاحِدٍ فَادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُخْرِجْ لَنَا مِمَّا تُنْبِتُ الْأَرْضُ مِنْ بَقْلِهَا وَقِثَّائِهَا وَفُومِهَا وَعَدَسِهَا وَبَصَلِهَا ۖ قَالَ أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ الَّذِي هُوَ أَدْنَىٰ بِالَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ ۚ اهْبِطُوا مِصْرًا فَإِنَّ لَكُمْ مَا سَأَلْتُمْ ۗ وَضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ وَالْمَسْكَنَةُ وَبَاءُوا بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَيَقْتُلُونَ النَّبِيِّينَ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوْا وَكَانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ  

{وإذا قلتم يا موسى لن نصبر على طعام} أي نوع منه {واحد} وهو المن والسلوى {فادع لنا ربَّك يُخرج لنا} شيئاً {مما تنبت الأرض من} للبيان {بقلها وقثائها وفومها} حنطتها {وعدسها وبصلها قال} لهم موسى {أتستبدلون الذي هو أدنى} أخس {بالذي هو خير} أشرف أي أتأخذونه بدله، والهمزة للإنكار فأبوا أن يرجعوا فدعا الله تعالى فقال تعالى {اهبطوا} انزلوا {مصراً} من الأمصار {فإن لكم} فيه {ما سألتم} من النبات {وضُربت} جعلت {عليهم الذلة} الذل والهوان {والمسكنة} أي أثر الفقر من السكون والخزي فهي لازمة لهم، وإن كانوا أغنياء لزوم الدرهم المضروب لسكته {وباءُوا} رجعوا {بغضب من الله ذلك} أي الضرب والغضب {بأنهم} أي بسبب أنهم {كانوا يكفرون بآيات الله ويقتلون النبيين} كزكريا ويحيى {بغير الحق} أي ظلماً {ذلك بما عصوا وكانوا يعتدون} يتجاوزون الحد في المعاصي وكرره للتأكيد.