2. Sūrat al-Baqarah

٢۔ سُورَةُ البَقَرَة

2.4 Parables of hypocrites and the misguided.

٢۔٤ مقطع في سُورَةُ البَقَرَة

quran:2:17

Their example is that of one who kindled a fire, but when it illuminated what was around him, Allah took away their light and left them in darkness ˹so˺ they could not see.  

Their likeness, the way they are in their hypocrisy, is as the likeness of one who kindled, that is, ˹one who˺ lit a fire in darkness, and when it illumined all about him, so that he is able to see, and to feel warm and secure from those he feared, God took away their light, extinguishing it (the plural pronoun ˹in nūrihim˺ takes into account the ˹plural˺ import of alladhī); and left them in darkness, unable to see, what is around them, confused as to the way, in fear; likewise are those who have found ˹temporary˺ security by professing faith, but who will meet with terror and punishment upon death; these ˹last˺ are:
القرآن:٢:١٧

مَثَلُهُمْ كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي اسْتَوْقَدَ نَارًا فَلَمَّا أَضَاءَتْ مَا حَوْلَهُ ذَهَبَ اللَّهُ بِنُورِهِمْ وَتَرَكَهُمْ فِي ظُلُمَاتٍ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ  

{مثلهم} صفتهم في نفاقهم {كمثل الذي استوقد} أوقد {ناراً} في ظلمة {فلما أضاءت} أنارت {ما حوله} فأبصر واستدفأ وأمن مما يخافه {ذهب الله بنورهم} أطفأه وجُمع الضمير مراعاة لمعنى الذي {وتركهم في ظلمات لا يبصرون} ما حولهم متحيرين عن الطريق خائفين فكذلك هؤلاء أمِنوا بإظهار كلمة الإيمان فإذا ماتوا جاءهم الخوف والعذاب.
quran:2:18

Deaf, dumb and blind - so they will not return ˹to the right path˺.  

deaf, to the truth, so that they cannot hear it and accept it; dumb, mute as regards goodness, unable to speak of it; and, blind, to the path of guidance, so that they cannot perceive it; they shall not return, from error.
القرآن:٢:١٨

صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ  

هم {صمٌّ} عن الحق فلا يسمعونه سماع قبول {بكم} خرس عن الخير فلا يقولونه {عميٌ} عن طريق الهدى فلا يرونه {فهم لا يرجعون} عن الضلالة.
quran:2:19

Or ˹it is˺ like a rainstorm from the sky within which is darkness, thunder and lightning. They put their fingers in their ears against the thunderclaps in dread of death. But Allah is encompassing of the disbelievers.  

Or, the likeness of them is as a cloudburst, that is, ˹the likeness of them is˺ as people are during rain (kasayyib: the term is originally sayyūb, from ˹the verb˺ sāba, yasūbu, meaning ‘it came down’); out of the heaven, out of the clouds, in which clouds is darkness, layer upon layer, and thunder, the angel in charge of them ˹sc. the clouds˺; it is also said that this ˹thunder˺ is actually the sound of his voice; and lightning, the flash caused by his voice which he uses to drive them — they, the people under the rain, put their fingers, that is, their fingertips, in their ears against, because of, the thunderclaps, the violent sound of thunder, in order not to hear it, cautious of, fearful of, death, if they were to hear it. Similar is the case with these: when the Qur’ān is revealed, in which there is mention of the unbelief that is like darkness, the threat of punishment that is like the sound of thunder, and the clear arguments that are like the clear lightning, they shut their ears in order not to hear it and thereby incline towards ˹true˺ faith and abandon their religion, which for them would be death; and God encompasses the disbelievers in both knowledge and power, so they cannot escape Him.
القرآن:٢:١٩

أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمَاتٌ وَرَعْدٌ وَبَرْقٌ يَجْعَلُونَ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ مِنَ الصَّوَاعِقِ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ مُحِيطٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ  

{أو} مثلهم {كصيِّب} أي كأصحاب مطر وأصله صيوب من صاب يصوب أي ينزل {من السماء} السحاب {فيه} أي السحاب {ظلمات} متكاثفة {ورعد} هو الملك الموكَّل به وقيل صوته {وبرق} لمعان صوته الذي يزجره به {يجعلون} أي أصحاب الصيِّب {أصابعهم} أي أناملها {في آذانهم من} أجل {الصواعق} شدة صوت الرعد لئلا يسمعوها {حذر} خوف {الموت} من سماعها. كذلك هؤلاء: إذا نزل القرآن وفيه ذكر الكفر المشبه بالظلمات والوعيد عليه المشبه بالرعد والحجج البينة المشبهة بالبرق، يسدون آذانهم لئلا يسمعوه فيميلوا إلى الإيمان وترك دينهم وهو عندهم موت {والله محيط بالكافرين} علماً وقدرة فلا يفوتونه.
quran:2:20

The lightning almost snatches away their sight. Every time it lights ˹the way˺ for them, they walk therein; but when darkness comes over them, they stand ˹still˺. And if Allah had willed, He could have taken away their hearing and their sight. Indeed, Allah is over all things competent.  

The lightning well-nigh, almost, snatches away their sight, that is, takes it away swiftly; whensoever it gives them light, they walk in it, in its light; and when the darkness is over them, they stop, that is, they stand still: a simile of the perturbation that the Qur’ānic arguments cause in their hearts, and of their acknowledging the truths of what they love to hear and recoiling from what they detest; had God willed, He would have taken away their hearing and their sight, that is, the exterior faculty, in the same way that He took away their inner one; Truly, God has power over all things, ˹that˺ He wills, as for example, His taking away of the above-mentioned.
القرآن:٢:٢٠

يَكَادُ الْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَارَهُمْ ۖ كُلَّمَا أَضَاءَ لَهُمْ مَشَوْا فِيهِ وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا ۚ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَذَهَبَ بِسَمْعِهِمْ وَأَبْصَارِهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ  

{يكاد} يقرب {البرق يخطف أبصارهم} بأخذها بسرعة {كلما أضاء لهم مشوا فيه} أي في ضوئه {وإذا أظلم عليهم قاموا} وقفوا، تمثيل لإزعاج ما في القرآن من الحجج قلوبهم وتصديقهم لما سمعوا فيه مما يحبون ووقوفهم عما يكرهون. {ولو شاء الله لذهب بسمعهم} بمعنى أسماعهم {وأبصارهم} الظاهرة كما ذهب بالباطنة {إن الله على كل شيء} شاءه {قدير} ومنه إذهاب ما ذكر.