13. Commerce
١٣۔ كِتَابُ الْبُيُوعِ
"I heard the Messenger of Allah say: "That which is lawful is plain and that which is unlawful is plain, and between them are matters which are not as clear. I will strike a parable for you about that: indeed Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, has established a sanctuary, and the sanctuary of Allah is that which He has forbidden. Whoever approaches the sanctuary is bound to transgress upon it, Or he said: 'Whoever grazes around the sanctuary will soon transgress upon it, and whoever indulges in matters that are not clear, he will soon transgress beyond the limits,"" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 4453)
سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَا وَاللهِ لَا أَسْمَعُ أَحَدًا بَعْدَهُ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنَّ الْحَلَالَ بَيِّنٌ وَإِنَّ الْحَرَامَ بَيِّنٌ وَإِنَّ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ مُشْتَبِهَاتٍ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ أُمُورًا مُشْتَبِهَةً وَسَأَضْرِبُ لَكُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ مَثَلًا إِنَّ اللهَ حَمَى حِمًى وَإِنَّ حِمَى اللهِ مَا حَرَّمَ وَإِنَّهُ مَنْ يَرْعَ حَوْلَ الْحِمَى يُوشِكْ أَنْ يُخَالِطَ الْحِمَى قَالَ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ أَوْشَكَ أَنْ يَرْتَعَ وَإِنَّهُ مَنْ يُخَالِطِ الرِّيبَةَ يُوشِكْ أَنْ يَجْسُرَ قَالَ وَلَا أَدْرِي أَشَيْءٌ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَمْ شَيْءٌ قَالَهُ الشَّعْبِيُّ
[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying: "The lawful is clear and the unlawful is clear, and between them are doubtful matters. Whoever avoids the doubtful matters, he has acquitted himself of his religion and honor. And whoever indulges in the doubtful matters, he has indulged in the unlawful. Just as a shepherd who grazes his flock near a private pasture risks having them trespass into it. Indeed, every king has a sanctuary, and the sanctuary of Allah on earth is His prohibitions and sins."
سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ حَلَالٌ بَيِّنٌ وَحَرَامٌ بَيِّنٌ وَشُبُهَاتٌ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ فَمَنْ تَرَكَ مَا اشْتَبَهَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْإِثْمِ كَانَ لِمَا اسْتَبَانَ لَهُ أتْرَكَ وَمَنِ اجْتَرَأَ عَلَى مَا شَكَّ فِيهِ أَوْشَكَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَ الْحَرَامَ وَإِنَّ لِكُلِّ مَلَكٍ حِمًى وَحِمَى اللهِ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَعَاصِيهِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I often return to my family and find a date fallen on my bed or in my house, so I pick it up to eat it, but then I fear that it might be from the charity, so I throw it away."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنِّي لَأَنْقَلِبُ إِلَى أَهْلِي فَأَجِدُ التَّمْرَةَ سَاقِطَةً عَلَى فِرَاشِي أَوْ فِي بَيْتِي فَأَرْفَعُهَا؛ لِآكُلَهَا ثُمَّ أَخْشَى أَنْ تَكُونَ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ فَأُلْقِيَهَا
I said to al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī: What did you memorize from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ? He said: I memorized from him: "Leave what makes you doubt for what does not make you doubt. The truth brings tranquility while falsehood sows doubt." (Using translation from Tirmidhī 2518)
قُلْتُ لِلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ مَا تَذْكُرُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ؟ قَالَ كَانَ يَقُولُ دَعْ مَا يَرِيبُكَ إِلَى مَا لَا يَرِيبُكَ فَإِنَّ الصِّدْقَ طُمَأْنِينَةٌ وَإِنَّ الْكَذِبَ رِيبَةٌ
“A person will not reach the status of being one of those who have piety until he refrains from doing something in which there is no sin, for fear of falling into something in which there is sin.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 4215)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يَبْلُغُ الْعَبْدُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُتَّقِينَ حَتَّى يَدَعَ مَا لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ؛ حَذَرًا لِمَا بِهِ الْبَأْسُ
[Machine] I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was delivering a sermon, so I said, "O Messenger of Allah, teach me." Then he mentioned a narration and said, "And it was among the last things I memorized, that he said, 'Surely, when you leave something out of fear of Allah, Allah will replace it with something better'"
أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَخْطُبُ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ عَلِّمْنِي فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ وَكَانَ فِي آخِرِ مَا حَفِظْتُ أَنْ قَالَ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَدَعَ شَيْئًا اتِّقَاءَ اللهِ إِلَّا أَبْدَلَكَ اللهُ بِهِ مَا هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْهُ
[Machine] "We do not associate with Jews, Christians, or Zoroastrians, you say? Why is that?" I asked. He replied, "Because they engage in usury, and usury is forbidden."
لَا نُشَارِكْ يَهُودِيًّا وَلَا نَصْرَانِيًّا وَلَا مَجُوسِيًّا قُلْتُ وَلِمَ؟ قَالَ لِأَنَّهُمْ يُرْبُونَ وَالرِّبَا لَا يَحِلُّ
I asked AbulAshhab: Did AbdurRahman ibn Tarafah meet his grandfather Arfajah? He replied: Yes. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4233)
نَعَمْ
[Machine] I have a neighbor and I don't know anything about him except that he is wicked or sinful. He invites me, so I feel uncomfortable going to him, but I also feel guilty not going to him. So it was said, "Go to him or respond to him, as his sin will be upon him." The Sheikh Al-Taymi replied, "This is not a strong response. This is if he does not know that what is offered to him is unlawful. But if he knows it is unlawful, he should not eat it, just as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not eat from the sheep that was offered to him."
إِنَّ لِي جَارًا وَلَا أَعْلَمُ لَهُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا خَبَثًا أَوْ حَرَامًا وَأَنَّهُ يَدْعُونِي فَأُحْرَجُ أَنْ آتِيَهُ وَأَتَحَرَّجُ أَنْ لَا آتِيَهُ فَقَالَ ائْتِهِ أَوْ أَوْجِبْهُ فَإِنَّمَا وِزْرُهُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ جَوَّابٌ التَّيْمِيُّ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ وَهَذَا إِذَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَنَّ الَّذِي قُدِّمَ إِلَيْهِ حَرَامٌ فَإِذَا عَلِمَ حَرَامًا لَمْ يَأْكُلْهُ كَمَا لَمْ يَأْكُلْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنَ الشَّاةِ الَّتِي قُدِّمَتْ إِلَيْهِ
We went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to a funeral, and I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at the grave giving this instruction to the grave-digger: Make it wide on the side of his feet, and make it wide on the side of his head. When he came back, he was received by a man who conveyed an invitation from a woman. So he came (to her), to it food was brought, and he put his hand (i.e. took a morsel in his hand); the people did the same and they ate. Our fathers noticed that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was moving a morsel around his mouth. He then said: I find the flesh of a sheep which has been taken without its owner's permission. The woman sent a message to say: Messenger of Allah, I sent (someone) to an-Naqi' to have a sheep bought for me, but there was none; so I sent (a message) to my neighbour who had bought a sheep, asking him to send it to me for the price (he had paid), but he could not be found. I, therefore, sent (a message) to his wife and she sent it to me. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Give this food to the prisoners. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3332)
خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي جِنَازَةٍ فَرَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْقَبْرِ يُوصِي الْحَافِرَ أَوْسِعْ مِنْ قِبَلِ رِجْلَيْهِ أَوْسِعْ مِنْ قِبَلِ رَأْسِهِ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ اسْتَقْبَلَهُ دَاعِي امْرَأَةٍ فَجَاءَ وَجِيءَ بِالطَّعَامِ فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ ثُمَّ وَضَعَ الْقَوْمُ فَأَكَلُوا فَنَظَرَ آبَاؤُنَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَلُوكُ لُقْمَةً فِي فَمِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَجِدُ لَحْمَ شَاةٍ أُخِذَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ أَهْلِهَا فَأَرْسَلَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ إِنِّي أَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ يَشْتَرِي لِي شَاةً فَلَمْ تُوجَدْ فَأَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى جَارِي قَدِ اشْتَرَى شَاةً أَنْ أَرْسِلْ بِهَا إِلِيَّ بِثَمَنِهَا فَلَمْ يُوجَدْ فَأَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى امْرَأَتِهِ فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلِيَّ بِهَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَطْعِمِيهِ الْأُسَارَى
[Machine] Narrated by the Prophet ﷺ : "Whoever buys stolen goods, knowing that they are stolen, then he has taken part in its shame and sin." It was narrated by Sufyan al-Thawri from Mus'ab ibn Muhammad ibn Shurahbil from a scholar of Madinah who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever acquires stolen property, knowing that it is stolen, he has taken part in its shame and sin." Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Abdan informed us that Sulayman ibn Ahmad al-Tabarani said: Ali ibn Abdul Aziz reported to us from Abu Nuaim from Sufyan, and he mentioned it.
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَنِ اشْتَرَى سَرِقَةً وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهَا سَرِقَةٌ فَقَدْ أُشْرِكَ فِي عَارِهَا وَإثْمِهَا 10826 وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ عَنْ شَيْخٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنِ ابْتَاعَ سَرِقَةً وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهَا سَرِقَةٌ فَقَدْ أُشْرِكَ فِي عَارِهَا وَإثْمِهَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ أنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ ثنا سُفْيَانُ فَذَكَرَهُ