13. Commerce
١٣۔ كِتَابُ الْبُيُوعِ
[Machine] There is no predecessor to giving, nor to harvesting, nor to rarity, nor to juice; set for it a time.
لَا سَلَفَ إِلَى الْعَطَاءِ وَلَا إِلَى الْحَصَادِ وَلَا إِلَى الْأَنْدَرِ وَلَا إِلَى الْعَصِيرِ وَاضْرِبْ لَهُ أَجَلًا
[Machine] He hated peace until the harvest, the cutting, and the threshing, but then he called it a month.
أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ السَّلَمَ إِلَى الْحَصَادِ وَالْقَصِيلِ وَالْبَيْدَرِ وَلَكِنْ سَمِّهِ شَهْرًا
[Machine] Peace is like interest, but with a known measure and a known term. So, take as much as you can, and according to the narration of Abdul Razzaq, take what you can from it within a known measure and a known term, and take as much as you can from it.
السَّلَمُ كَمَا يَقُومُ السِّعْرُ رِبًا وَلَكِنْ كَيْلٌ مَعْلُومٌ إِلَىْ أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَاسْتَكْثِرْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ أَسْلِفْ فِي كَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَاسْتَكْثِرْ مِنْهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتَ
[Machine] Regarding selling food at the price of the market value.
عَنْ بَيْعِ الطَّعَامِ بِسِعْرِ الْبَيْدَرِ
أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ إِلَى يُسْرِهِ
[Machine] I said to Ibn Umar, "I had some money from a man, so I went to collect it from him." He replied, "I don't have it, but write it on a piece of food until the harvest." I said, "That is not reasonable."
قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ كَانَتْ لِي عَلَى رَجُلٍ دَرَاهِمُ فَأَتَيْتُهُ أَتَقَاضَاهُ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي وَلَكِنِ اكْتُبْهَا عَلَى طَعَامٍ إِلَى الْحَصَادِ قَالَ لَا يَصْلُحُ
[Machine] Aisha came with a merchant carrying merchandise, so I said, "O Messenger of Allah, if you give me these two heavy garments, and send the merchant to Fulan to sell them, he will sell them for a good price." So the Prophet ﷺ sent a message to me to send two garments to Fulan to be sold. Fulan said, "Indeed, Muhammad wants to take my wealth." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "By Allah, they know that I entrusted them with it and fear Allah. It is understood that he called for the sale to be conducted in Ma'sarah, not that he made a contract for it. If he had agreed to that, it would have been more likely that he would set a specific time or conduct the sale freely, and then settle it whenever it was easier. And Allah knows best."
عَائِشَةُ قَدِمَ تَاجِرٌ بِمَتَاعٍ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَوْ أَلْقَيْتَ هَذَيْنِ الثَّوْبَيْنِ الْغَلِيظَيْنِ عَنْكَ وَأَرْسَلْتَ إِلَى فُلَانٍ التَّاجِرِ فَبَاعَكَ ثَوْبَيْنِ إِلَى الْمَيْسَرَةِ فَبَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ أَرْسِلْ إِلِيَّ ثَوْبَيْنِ إِلَى الْمَيْسَرَةِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ بِمَالِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَاللهِ لَقَدْ عَلِمُوا أَنِّي أَدَّاهُمْ لِلْأَمَانَةِ وَأَخْشَاهُمْ لِلَّهِ وَنَحْوُ هَذَا فَهَذَا مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ اسْتَدْعَى الْبَيْعَ إِلَى الْمَيْسَرَةِ لَا أَنَّهُ عَقَدَ إِلَيْهَا بَيْعًا ثُمَّ لَوْ أَجَابَهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ أَشْبَهَ أَنْ يُوَقِّتَ وَقْتًا مَعْلُومًا أَوْ يَعْقِدَ الْبَيْعَ مُطْلَقًا ثُمَّ يَقْضِيَهُ مَتَى مَا أَيْسَرَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ