13. Commerce
١٣۔ كِتَابُ الْبُيُوعِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "I will never meet Allah before I give something from someone's wealth to someone else without his willing consent. Verily, commerce is only based on mutual agreement."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَأَلْقَيَنَّ اللهَ ﷻ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ أُعْطِيَ أَحَدًا مِنْ مَالِ أَحَدٍ شَيْئًا بِغَيْرِ طِيبِ نَفْسِهِ إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ عَنْ تَرَاضٍ
ʿAli ؓ addressed us - or he said: ‘Ali said: There will come a difficult time when the rich man will hold fast to that which is in his hand although he was not enjoined to do that. Allah says: ʿAnd do not forget liberality between yourselvesʿ [Al-Baqarah 2:237]. The evil [people] will be elevated and good people will be humiliated. And those who are under compulsion (of force or necessity) will be bought from. The Prophet ﷺ forbade forced sales, transactions based on ambiguity and selling crops before they have ripened. (Using translation from Aḥmad 937)
قَالَ عَلِيٌّ سَيَأْتِي عَلَى النَّاسِ زَمَانٌ عَضُوضٌ يَعَضُّ الْمُوسِرُ عَلَى مَا فِي يَدَيْهِ وَلَمْ يُؤْمَرْ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ {وَلَا تَنْسَوَا الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَكُمْ} [البقرة 237] وَتَنْهَدُ الْأَشْرَارُ وَيُسْتَذَلُّ الْأَخْيَارُ وَيُبَايِعُ الْمُضْطَرُّونَ وَقَدْ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْمُضْطَرِّ وَعَنْ بَيْعِ الْغَرَرِ وَعَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُطْعَمَ
[Machine] There will come a time when evil individuals will rise and be considered good, and the desperate will be compelled to sell their belongings. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ prohibited the sale of items of necessity, fraud, and produce before it ripens. Abu Amer, who is Salih ibn Rustum al-Khazzaz al-Basri, did not fully understand this prohibition. Some narrations from Ali and Ibn Umar exist, but they are not strong in authenticity. Allah knows best.
يَأْتِي عَلَى النَّاسِ زَمَانٌ تُقَدَّمُ الْأَشْرَارُ لَيْسَتْ بِالْأَخْيَارِ وَيُبَايِعُ الْمُضْطَرُّ وَقَدْ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْمُضْطَرِّ وَبَيْعِ الْغَرَرِ وَبَيْعِ الثَّمَرَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُدْرِكَ أَبُو عَامِرٍ هَذَا هُوَ صَالِحُ بْنُ رُسْتُمَ الْخَزَّازُ الْبَصْرِيُّ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَكُلُّهَا غَيْرُ قَوِيَّةٍ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "No man should ride the sea except as a warrior, a pilgrim, or a traveler. For beneath the sea is fire, and beneath the fire is another sea, and beneath that sea is fire. And the wealth of a Muslim cannot be bought with injustice."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يَرْكَبَنَّ رَجُلٌ بَحْرًا إِلَّا غَازِيًا أَوْ مُعْتَمِرًا أَوْ حَاجًّا؛ فَإِنَّ تَحْتَ الْبَحْرِ نَارًا وَتَحْتَ النَّارِ بَحْرًا وَتَحْتَ الْبَحْرِ نَارًا وَلَا يُشْتَرَى مَالُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ فِي ضُغْطَةٍ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "No one should ride the sea except for a pilgrim, a person performing 'umrah, or someone fighting in the cause of Allah. For beneath the sea is fire, and beneath the fire is a sea." He also said, "Do not buy anything from a person who imposes pressure with authority," the wording of this hadith is narrated by Sha'raani. It has also been said that Sa'id ibn Mansur reported this chain of narration from Bashir ibn Muslim from Abdullah ibn Amr.
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يَرْكَبُ الْبَحْرَ إِلَّا حَاجٌّ أَوْ مُعْتَمِرٌ أَوْ غَازٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ؛ فَإِنَّ تَحْتَ الْبَحْرِ نَارًا وَتَحْتَ النَّارِ بَحْرًا وَقَالَ لَا يَشْتَرِي مِنْ ذِي ضُغْطَةٍ سُلْطَانٌ شَيْئًا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الشَّعْرَانِيِّ وَقَدْ قِيلَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ بِشْرٍ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو
[Machine] Marriage and sale are not permissible for an oppressed person.
لَا يَجُوزُ عَلَى مُضْطَهَدٍ نِكَاحٌ وَلَا بَيْعٌ