13. Commerce
١٣۔ كِتَابُ الْبُيُوعِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade "muzabanah" and "muzabanah" is when a person sells the dates of his palm tree by weight and sells his grapes by weight with raisins. This wording is from the hadith of Yahya ibn Yahya, and in the narration of Imam Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, "muzabanah" is the sale of fruit by weight and the sale of grapes by weight with raisins.
نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ الرَّجُلُ ثَمَرَ نَخْلِهِ كَيْلًا وَكَرْمَهُ بِالزَّبِيبِ كَيْلًا هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ بَيْعُ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ كَيْلًا وَبَيْعُ الْكَرْمِ بِالزَّبِيبِ كَيْلًا
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited muzabanah, which is when a person sells his fruit by measure. If it increases, then it is for him, and if it decreases, then it is upon me. In another narration by Arim, it is stated that the fruit should be sold by measure, and Abu Al-Rabi' added this chain of narration in his narration from Ibn Umar, from Zaid ibn Thabit that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ permitted the sale of barren sheep through its offspring.
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ الرَّجُلُ ثَمَرَتَهُ كَيْلًا إنْ زَادَ فَلِي وَإنْ نَقَصَ فَعَلَيَّ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَارِمٍ أَنْ يَبِيعَ الثَّمَرَةَ بِكَيْلٍ وَزَادَ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ رَخَّصَ فِي بَيْعِ الْعَرَايَا بِخَرْصِهَا
Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade Al-Muzabana, i.e. to sell ungathered dates of one's garden for measured dried dates or fresh ungathered grapes for measured dried grapes; or standing crops for measured quantity of foodstuff. He forbade all such bargains. (Using translation from Bukhārī 2205)
نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ ثَمَرَ حَائِطِهِ إنْ كَانَ نَخْلًا بِتَمْرٍ كَيْلًا وَإنْ كَانَ كَرْمًا أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ بِزَبِيبٍ كَيْلًا وَإنْ كَانَ زَرْعًا أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ بِكَيْلِ طَعَامٍ نَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ
[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbid mutual deception and spying, and he permitted the sale of non-mature fruits. He also allowed renting land for one-third or one-fourth of its yield, and acquiring the wheat in exchange for the ears of corn. I said to Sufyan, "Is this the interpretation of Ibn Juraij's hadith?" He said, "Yes."
سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُخَابَرَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ وَرَخَّصَ فِي بَيْعِ الْعَرَايَا وَالْمُخَابَرَةُ كِرَاءُ الْأَرْضِ بِالثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ وَالْمُحَاقَلَةُ اشْتِرَاءُ السُّنْبُلَةِ بِالْحِنْطَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ اشْتِرَاءُ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ قُلْتُ لِسُفْيَانَ هَذَا التَّفْسِيرُ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ
[Machine] To sell fruit at the tops of palm trees for one hundred bundles of dates, and the sharecropping is leasing the land for one-third and one-fourth.
أَنْ يَبِيعَ الثَّمَرَ فِي رُءُوسِ النَّخْلِ بِمِائَةِ فَرَقِ تَمْرٍ وَالْمُخَابَرَةُ كِرَاءُ الْأَرْضِ بِالثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ
[Machine] The mohaqala in farming is similar to the process of grafting in palm trees, whether it involves buying crops with wheat. Ibn Jurayj said, "So I said to Ata, 'Can you explain to us what Jabir told me about mohaqala?'" He said, "Yes."
الْمُحَاقَلَةُ فِي الْحَرْثِ كَهَيْئَةِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ فِي النَّخْلِ سَوَاءٌ بَيْعُ الزَّرْعِ بِالْقَمْحِ قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ فَقُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ أَفَسَّرَ لَكُمْ جَابِرٌ فِي الْمُحَاقَلَةِ كَمَا أَخْبَرْتَنِي؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade engaging in "muzabana" and "muhaqala". Muzabana is the act of buying fruit by exchanging dates at the top of palm trees, and muhaqala is the act of seizing land forcefully.
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ اشْتِرَاءُ الثَّمَرِ بالتمر فِي رُءُوسِ النَّخْلِ وَالْمُحَاقَلَةُ اسْتِكْرَاءُ الْأَرْضِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade deception and fraud, and Ikrimah disliked selling stale goods.
نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ وَكَانَ عِكْرِمَةُ يَكْرَهُ بَيْعَ الْقَصِيلِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited engaging in gambling and betting.
نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ