While I was with the Prophet ﷺ , some people from Bani Tamim came to him. The Prophet ﷺ said, "O Bani Tamim! Accept the good news!" They said, "You have given us the good news; now give us (something)." (After a while) some Yemenites entered, and he said to them, "O the people of Yemen! Accept the good news, as Bani Tamim have refused it. " They said, "We accept it, for we have come to you to learn the Religion. So we ask you what the beginning of this universe was." The Prophet ﷺ said "There was Allah and nothing else before Him and His Throne was over the water, and He then created the Heavens and the Earth and wrote everything in the Book." Then a man came to me and said, 'O ʿImran! Follow your she-camel for it has run away!" So I set out seeking it, and behold, it was beyond the mirage! By Allah, I wished that it (my she-camel) had gone but that I had not left (the gathering). " (Using translation from Bukhārī 7418)   

إِنِّي لَجَالِسٌ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِذْ جَاءَهُ قَوْمٌ مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ فَقَالَ اقْبَلُوا الْبُشْرَى يَا بَنِي تَمِيمٍ قَالُوا قَدْ بَشَّرْتَنَا فَأَعْطِنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ أُنَاسٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ اقْبَلُوا الْبُشْرَى يَا أَهْلَ الْيَمَنِ إِذْ لَمْ يَقْبَلْهَا بَنُو تَمِيمٍ قَالُوا قَدْ قَبِلْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ جِئْنَا لِنَتَفَقَّهَ فِي الدِّينِ وَنَسْأَلَكَ عَنْ أَوَّلِ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ مَا كَانَ؟ قَالَ كَانَ اللهُ ﷻ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ شَيْءٌ قَبْلَهُ وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ ثُمَّ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَكَتَبَ فِي الذِّكْرِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ قَالَ وَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا عِمْرَانُ بْنَ حُصَيْنٍ رَاحِلَتَكَ أَدْرِكْ نَاقَتَكَ فَقَدْ ذَهَبَتْ فَانْطَلَقْتُ فِي طَلَبِهَا فَإِذَا السَّرَابُ يَنْقَطِعُ دُوْنَهَا وَايْمُ اللهِ لَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّهَا ذَهَبَتْ وَأَنِّي لَمْ أَقُمْ  

[Machine] I entered upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , and he mentioned a hadith in which he said: They came to ask you about this matter. He said: Allah existed and nothing else existed. His throne was upon the water, and He wrote in the Zabur (the Book) everything, and He created the heavens and the earth.  

دَخَلْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ فِيهِ قَالُوا جِئْنَاكَ نَسْأَلُكَ عَنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ قَالَ كَانَ اللهُ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ شَيْءٌ غَيْرَهُ وَعَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ وَكَتَبَ فِي الذِّكْرِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ وَخَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ  

[Machine] Indeed, the first thing that Allah created was the pen. He said, "Write!" The pen asked, "O Lord, what shall I write?" He replied, "Write down destiny." The pen then began writing everything that will happen from that day until the Day of Judgment. Then Allah created the Noon (a reference to Prophet Muhammad) and He spread the earth on top of it. The moisture in the air rose and the heavens were created from it. The Noon moved and the earth was stretched out then stabilized by the mountains. And indeed, the mountains will crumble upon the earth until the Day of Judgment.  

إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا خَلَقَ اللهُ ﷻ مِنْ شَيْءٍ الْقَلَمُ فقَالَ اكْتُبْ قَالَ يَا رَبِّ وَمَا أَكْتُبُ؟ قَالَ اكْتُبِ الْقَدَرَ قَالَ فَجَرَى بِمَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ إِلَى قِيَامِ السَّاعَةِ قَالَ ثُمَّ خَلَقَ النُّونَ فَدَحَا الْأَرْضَ عَلَيْهَا فَارْتَفَعَ بُخَارُ الْمَاءِ فَفَتَقَ مِنْهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَاضْطَرَبَ النُّونُ فَمَادَتِ الْأَرْضُ فَأُثْبِتَتْ بِالْجِبَالِ وَإِنَّ الْجِبَالَ لَتُفَجَّرُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Verily, the first thing Allah created is the pen, and He commanded it to write everything that will be." This is also narrated in the hadith of Ubada bin As-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) as a marfu' (elevated) narration.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّ أَوَّلَ شَيْءٍ خَلَقَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ الْقَلَمُ وَأَمَرَهُ فَكَتَبَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ يَكُونُ وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا فِي حَدِيثِ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ مَرْفُوعًا  

Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, created the clay on Saturday and He created the mountains on Sunday and He created the trees on Monday and He created the things entailing labour on Tuesday and created light on Wednesday and He caused the animals to spread on Thursday and created Adam (peace be upon him) after 'Asr on Friday; the last creation at the last hour of the hours of Friday, i. e. between afternoon and night. This hadith is narrated through another chain of transmitters. (Using translation from Muslim 2789)   

أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِيَدِي فَقَالَ خَلَقَ اللهُ التُّرْبَةَ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ وَخَلَقَ فِيهَا الْجِبَالَ يَوْمَ الْأَحَدِ وَخَلَقَ الشَّجَرَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ وَخَلَقَ الْمَكْرُوهَ يَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ وَخَلَقَ النُّورَ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ وَبَثَّ فِيهَا الدَّوَابَّ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ وَخَلَقَ آدَمَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فِي آخِرِ سَاعَةٍ مِنْ سَاعَاتِ الْجُمُعَةِ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الْعَصْرِ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, "There is an hour on Friday during which no servant asks Allah for anything except that He gives it to him." Abdullah bin Salam said, "Indeed, Allah the Exalted begins the creation on Sunday and Monday, and He creates the heavens on Tuesday and Wednesday, and He creates the mountains and everything on Earth on Thursday and Friday. And He completes it at the time of Asr prayer, so that is the hour from Asr to sunset."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنَّ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ لَسَاعَةً لَا يَسْأَلُ اللهَ فِيهَا عَبْدٌ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ قَالَ وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَلَامٍ إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى بَدَأَ الْخَلْقَ فَخَلَقَ الْأَرْضَ يَوْمَ الْأَحَدِ وَيَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ وَخَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ يَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ وَيَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ وَخَلَقَ الْأَقْوَاتَ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ وَيَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَرَغَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ فَتِلْكَ السَّاعَةُ مَا بَيْنَ الْعَصْرِ إِلَى غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said: Allah created Adam from the clay of the entire earth, so his descendants emerged accordingly. Among them are the white, the black, the dark-skinned, and the red-skinned. And among them are those in between. Among them are those who are righteous and those who are corrupt. Among them are the good and the evil.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ خَلَقَ اللهُ آدَمَ مِنْ أَدِيمِ الْأَرْضِ كُلِّهَا فَخَرَجَتْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُ عَلَى حَسَبِ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمُ الْأَبْيَضُ وَالْأَسْوَدُ وَالْأَسْمَرُ وَالْأَحْمَرُ وَمِنْهُمْ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ وَمِنْهُمُ السَّهْلُ وَالْحَزْنُ وَالْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ  

Allah created Adam from a handful which he took from the whole of the earth ; so the children of Adam are in accordance with the earth : some red, some white, some black, some a mixture, also smooth and rough, bad and good. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4693)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خُلِقَ آدَمُ مِنْ قَبْضَةٍ قَبَضَهَا مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْأَرْضِ فَجَاءَ بَنُو آدَمَ عَلَى قَدْرِ الْأَرْضِ مِنْهُمُ الْأَحْمَرُ وَالْأَسْوَدُ وَالسَّهْلُ وَالْحَزْنُ وَبَيْنَ ذَلِكَ وَالْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The angels were created from light, and the jinn were created from a smokeless flame, and Adam was created from what has been described to you."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خُلِقَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ مِنْ نُورٍ وَخُلِقَ الْجَانُّ مِنْ مَارِجٍ مِنْ نَارٍ وَخُلِقَ آدَمُ مِمَّا وُصِفَ لَكُمْ  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "Indeed, Allah created His creation in darkness, then He cast upon them from His light. So whoever is touched by that light on that day will be guided, and whoever misses it will be misguided. And for that reason, I say the knowledge of Allah is sealed." Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said, "Then He made it clear that His best creation among them is His prophets, and He said, 'Mankind was [of] one nation [before their deviation]; then Allah sent the prophets as bringers of good tidings and warners.' [Quran 2:213] So our Prophet ﷺ was made the most trustworthy of his followers, responsible for His revelation and the conveying of His message to them."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنَّ اللهَ خَلَقَ خَلْقَهُ فِي ظُلْمَةٍ ثُمَّ أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ نُورِهِ فَمَنْ أَصَابَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ النُّورِ يَوْمَئِذٍ شَيْءٌ اهْتَدَى وَمَنْ أَخْطَأَهُ ضَلَّ فَلِذَلِكَ أَقُولُ جَفَّ الْقَلَمُ عَنْ عِلْمِ اللهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ ثُمَّ أَبَانَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ أَنَّ خِيرَتَهُ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ أَنْبِيَاؤُهُ فَقَالَ {كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَبَعَثَ اللهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ} [البقرة 213] فَجَعَلَ نَبِيَّنَا ﷺ مِنْ أَصْفِيَائِهِ دُونَ عِبَادِهِ بِالْأَمَانَةِ عَلَى وَحْيِهِ وَالْقِيَامِ بِحُجَّتِهِ فِيهِمْ  

[Machine] I entered upon the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , while he was in the mosque and he mentioned the narration until he said, "So I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, how many prophets are there?' He said, 'One hundred twenty-four thousand prophets and four.' I said, 'How many messengers among them?' He said, 'Three hundred and thirteen. Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Sa'idi exclusively mentioned it'."  

دَخَلْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَمِ النَّبِيُّونَ؟ قَالَ مِائَةُ أَلْفِ نَبِيٍّ وَأَرْبَعَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ أَلْفَ نَبِيٍّ قُلْتُ كَمِ الْمُرْسَلُونَ مِنْهُمْ؟ قَالَ ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ وَثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ السَّعِيدِيُّ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no prophet who has not been given signs similar to mine, which people have believed in. But I have been given divine revelation which Allah has inspired in me, so I hope to have the most followers on the Day of Resurrection."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَا مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ مِنْ نَبِيٍّ إِلَّا وَقَدْ أُعْطِيَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ مَا مِثْلُهُ آمَنَ عَلَيْهِ الْبَشَرُ وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ الَّذِي أُوتِيتُ وَحْيًا أَوْحَاهُ اللهُ إِلِيَّ فَأَرْجُو أَنْ أَكُونَ أَكْثَرَهُمْ تَابِعًا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I am the master of the children of Adam on the Day of Resurrection, and I will be the first to have the earth split open for me, and I will be the first to intercede and the first to be granted intercession."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَا سَيِّدُ بَنِي آدَمَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ تَنْشَقُّ عَنْهُ الْأَرْضُ وَأَوَّلُ شَافِعٍ وَأَوَّلُ مُشَفَّعٍ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I am the first intercessor on the Day of Resurrection, and I am the most followers of prophets on the Day of Resurrection. Indeed, among the prophets, there will come on the Day of Resurrection someone who has with him more than one truthful witness."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَا أَوَّلُ شَفِيعٍ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَأَنَا أَكْثَرُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ تَبَعًا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ إِنَّ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ لَمَنْ يَأْتِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مَا مَعَهُ مُصَدِّقٌ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ  

The Prophet ﷺ said, "I have been given five things which were not given to any one else before me. -1. Allah made me victorious by awe, (by His frightening my enemies) for a distance of one month's journey. -2. The earth has been made for me (and for my followers) a place for praying and a thing to perform Tayammum, therefore anyone of my followers can pray wherever the time of a prayer is due. -3. The booty has been made Halal (lawful) for me yet it was not lawful for anyone else before me. -4. I have been given the right of intercession (on the Day of Resurrection). -5. Every Prophet used to be sent to his nation only but I have been sent to all mankind. (Using translation from Bukhārī 335)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أُعْطِيتُ خَمْسًا لَمْ يُعْطَهُنَّ أَحَدٌ قَبْلِي نُصِرْتُ بِالرُّعْبِ مَسِيرَةَ شَهْرٍ وَأُحِلَّتْ لِيَ الْغَنَائِمُ وَلَمْ تَحِلَّ لِأَحَدٍ قَبْلِي وَجُعِلَتْ لِيَ الْأَرْضُ مَسْجِدًا وَطَهُورًا فَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ مِنْ أُمَّتِي أَدْرَكَتْهُ الصَّلَاةُ فَلْيُصَلِّ وَأُعْطِيتُ الشَّفَاعَةَ وَكُلُّ نَبِيٍّ يُبْعَثُ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ خَاصَّةً وَبُعِثْتُ إِلَى النَّاسِ عَامَّةً لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ  

[Machine] A man recited Surat Al-Fath to Abdullah bin Abbas, until he reached the verse: "Like a fertile plant, it sends forth its shoots, then it becomes strong, and firmly stands on its stem, pleasing the farmers, that He may enrage the disbelievers by them" (Quran 48:29). He said, "May Allah enrage the disbelievers by the Prophet and his companions." Then Abdullah bin Abbas said, "You are the plantation, and its harvest is approaching." Ash-Shafi'i said and said to his nation, "You were the best nation brought forth for the people" (Quran 3:110). Allah favored them with the two Qur'ans from His nation, unlike any other nation of the prophets before them.  

قَرَأَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللهِ ؓ سُورَةَ الْفَتْحِ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ {كَزَرْعٍ أَخْرَجَ شَطْأَهُ فَآزَرَهُ فَاسْتَغْلَظَ فَاسْتَوَى عَلَى سُوقِهِ يُعْجِبُ الزُّرَّاعَ لِيَغِيظَ بِهِمُ الْكُفَّارَ} [الفتح 29] قَالَ لِيَغِيظَ اللهُ بِالنَّبِيِّ وَأَصْحَابِهِ الْكُفَّارَ ثُمَّ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ أَنْتُمُ الزَّرْعُ وَقَدْ دَنَا حَصَادُهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَقَالَ لِأُمَّتِهِ {كُنْتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ} [آل عمران 110] الْآيَةَ فَفَضَّلَهُمْ بِكَيْنُونَتِهِمْ مِنْ أُمَّتِهِ دُونَ أُمَمِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ قَبْلَهُ  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "Indeed, you will be the last of seventy nations. You are the best and most honorable of them to Allah." Al-Shafi'i then narrated that Allah made him the opener of His mercy at the time of His messengers, and said, "O people of the Scripture, there has come to you our Messenger, making clear to you much of what you used to conceal of the Scripture and overlooking much. There has come to you from Allah a light and a clear Book." [Surah Al-Ma'idah, verse 19] And He said, "It is He who sent among the unlettered a Messenger from themselves." [Surah Al-Jumu'ah, verse 2] In this, there is evidence that he was sent to his creation, because they were the people of the Scripture and the unlettered. And he opened His mercy with him and sealed his prophethood, saying, "Muhammad is not the father of [any] one of your men, but [he is] the Messenger of Allah and the last of the prophets." [Surah Al-Ahzab, verse 40]  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنَّكُمْ تُوفُونَ سَبْعِينَ أُمَّةً أَنْتُمْ خَيْرُهَا وَأَكْرَمُهَا عَلَى اللهِ ﷻ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ أَنَّهُ جَعَلَهُ فَاتِحَ رَحْمَتِهِ عِنْدَ فَتْرَةِ رُسُلِهِ فَقَالَ {يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ عَلَى فَتْرَةٍ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا مِنْ بَشِيرٍ وَلَا نَذِيرٍ فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَشِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ} [المائدة 19] وَقَالَ {هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولًا مِنْهُمْ} [الجمعة 2] وَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى خَلْقِهِ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ وَالْأُمِّيِّينَ وَأَنَّهُ فَتَحَ بِهِ رَحْمَتَهُ وَخَتَمَ بِهِ نُبُوَّتَهُ فَقَالَ {مَا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ وَلَكِنْ رَسُولَ اللهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ} [الأحزاب 40]  

I have been given superiority over the other prophets in six respects: I have been given words which are concise but comprehensive in meaning; I have been helped by terror (in the hearts of enemies): spoils have been made lawful to me: the earth has been made for me clean and a place of worship; I have been sent to all mankind and the line of prophets is closed with me. (Using translation from Muslim 523a)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فُضِّلْتُ عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ بِسِتٍّ أُعْطِيتُ جَوَامِعَ الْكَلِمِ وَنُصِرْتُ بِالرُّعْبِ وَأُحِلَّتْ لِيَ الْغَنَائِمُ وَجُعِلَتْ لِيَ الْأَرْضُ طَهُورًا وَمَسْجِدًا وَأُرْسِلْتُ إِلَى الْخَلْقِ كَافَّةً وَخُتِمَ بِيَ النَّبِيُّونَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Narrated by Sa'id bin Mi'nah, who heard Jabir bin Abdullah say: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: My example and the example of the prophets before me is like a man who built a house and said, 'I have built a house, except for one brick.' So the people would enter it and marvel at it, and say: 'If only it had this one brick.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'So I am the missing brick of that house, and I have come to complete the line of prophets.'"  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ح قَالَ وَثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ ثنا سُلَيْمُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ مِينَاءَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ ؓ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ قَبْلِي كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ ابْتَنَى دَارًا وَقَالَ يَزِيدُ بَنَى دَارًا فَأَحْسَنَهَا وَأَكْمَلَهَا إِلَّا فِي مَوْضِعِ لَبِنَةٍ فَجَعَلَ النَّاسُ يَدْخُلُونَهَا وَيَتَعَجَّبُونَ مِنْهَا وَيَقُولُونَ لَوْلَا مَوْضِعُ هَذِهِ اللَّبِنَةِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَنَا مَوْضِعُ تِلْكَ اللَّبِنَةِ جِئْتُ فَخَتَمْتُ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ  

Khabbab said “We came to the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ while he was reclining on an outer garment in the shade of the Ka’bah. Complaining to him we said “Do you not ask Allaah for help for us? And do you not pray to Allaah for us? He sat aright turning red in his face and said “A man before you (i.e., in ancient times) was caught and a pit was dug for him in the earth and then a saw was brought placed on his head and it was broken into two pieces but that did not turn him away from his religion. They were combed in iron combs in flesh and sinews above the bones. Even that did not turn them away from their religion. I swear by Allaah, Allaah will accomplish this affair until a rider will travel between San’a and Hadramaut and he will not fear anyone except Allaah, Most High(nor will he fear the attack of) a wolf on his sheep, but you are making haste. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2649)   

شَكَوْنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ مُتَوَسِّدٌ بُرْدَةً لَهُ فِي ظِلِّ الْكَعْبَةِ فَقُلْنَا أَلَا تَدْعُو اللهَ لَنَا أَلَا تَسْتَنْصِرُ اللهَ لَنَا قَالَ فَجَلَسَ مُحْمَرًّا وَجْهُهُ قَالَ وَاللهِ إِنَّ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ لَيُؤْخَذُ الرَّجُلُ فَيُحْفَرُ لَهُ الْحُفْرَةُ فَيُوضَعُ الْمِنْشَارُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ فَيُشَقُّ بِاثْنَتَيْنِ مَا يَصْرِفُهُ عَنْ دِينِهِ أَوْ يُمْشَطُ بِأَمْشَاطِ الْحَدِيدِ مَا بَيْنَ عَصَبِهِ وَلَحْمِهِ مَا يَصْرِفُهُ عَنْ دِينِهِ وَلَيُتِمَّنَّ اللهُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ حَتَّى يَسِيرَ الرَّاكِبُ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ صَنْعَاءَ إِلَى حَضْرَمَوْتَ لَا يَخْشَى إِلَّا اللهَ أَوِ الذِّئْبَ عَلَى غَنَمِهِ وَلَكِنَّكُمْ تَعْجَلُونَ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ  

At first what started of the Waḥī (Divine Inspiration) to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was good visions during sleep and he never saw a vision except what came to him was the like of the crack of dawn (i.e. his visions came true). Thereafter, seclusion was made beloved to him. He used to go in seclusion in the cave of Ḥirāʾ where he used to practice monotheism, which was worship for several days until he longed to see his family and prepare for a similar trip. He would then return to Khadījah and would prepare for a similar trip.

Until ˹one day,˺ the Truth descended upon him while he was in the cave of Ḥirāʾ. The Angel came to him and asked him and said "Iqraʾ (Read!)". He said, "I do not know how to read!" He said, "The Angel grabbed me and overwhelmed me such that fatigue overcame me. He then let me go and and said 'Read.' I said, 'I do not know how to read!' Then he grabbed me a second time and overwhelmed me such that fatigue overcame me. He then let me go and said 'Read!' I said, 'I do not know how to read!' Then he grabbed me for the third time, overwhelmed me, and then let me go and said, 'Read in the name of your Lord: who created; He created man from ʿalaq (a thing suspended). Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous." (ʿAlaq Q 96:1-3)

Then Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned with the Inspiration and with his heart beating severely. Then he went to Khadija bint Khuwailid and said, "Cover me! Cover me!" They covered him till his fear was over and after that he told her everything that had happened and said, "I fear that something may happen to me." Khadija replied, "Never! By Allah, Allah will never disgrace you. You keep good relations with your kith and kin, help the poor and the destitute, serve your guests generously and assist the deserving calamity-afflicted ones."

Khadija then accompanied him to her cousin Waraqa bin Naufal bin Asad bin 'Abdul 'Uzza, who, during the pre-Islamic Period became a Christian and used to write the writing with Hebrew letters. He would write from the Gospel in Hebrew as much as Allah wished him to write. He was an old man and had lost his eyesight. Khadija said to Waraqa, "Listen to the story of your nephew, O my cousin!" Waraqa asked, "O my nephew! What have you seen?" Messenger of Allah ﷺ described whatever he had seen. Waraqa said, "This is the same one who keeps the secrets (angel Gabriel) whom Allah had sent to Moses. I wish I were young and could live up to the time when your people would turn you out." Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "Will they drive me out?" Waraqa replied in the affirmative and said, "Anyone (man) who came with something similar to what you have brought was treated with hostility; and if I should remain alive till the day when you will be turned out then I would support you strongly." But after a few days Waraqa died and the Divine Inspiration was also paused for a while. (Using translation from Bukhārī 3)   

النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَخْبَرَتْهُ قَالَتْ كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَا بُدِئَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ مِنَ الْوَحْيِ الرُّؤْيَا الصَّالِحَةُ فِي النَّوْمِ فَكَانَ لَا يَرَى رُؤْيَا إِلَّا جَاءَتْ مِثْلَ فَلَقِ الصُّبْحِ ثُمَّ حَبَّبَ اللهُ إِلَيْهِ الْخَلَاءَ فَكَانَ يَخْلُو بِغَارِ حِرَاءٍ فَيَتَحَنَّثُ فِيهِ وَهُوَ التَّعَبُّدُ اللَّيَالِيَ أُولَاتِ الْعَدَدِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَيَتَزَوَّدُ لِذَلِكَ ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى خَدِيجَةَ فَتُزَوِّدُهُ بِمِثْلِهَا حَتَّى فَجَأَهُ الْحَقُّ وَهُوَ فِي غَارِ حِرَاءٍ فَجَاءَهُ الْمَلَكُ فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ فَقَالَ مَا أَنَا بِقَارِئٍ قَالَ فَأَخَذَنِي فَغَطَّنِي حَتَّى بَلَغَ مِنِّي الْجَهْدُ ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَنِي فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ فَقُلْتُ مَا أَنَا بِقَارِئٍ فَأَخَذَنِي فَغَطَّنِي الثَّانِيَةَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ مِنِّي الْجَهْدُ ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَنِي فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ فَقُلْتُ مَا أَنَا بِقَارِئٍ فَأَخَذَنِي فَغَطَّنِي الثَّالِثَةَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ مِنِّي الْجَهْدُ ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَنِي فَقَالَ {اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ عَلَّمَ الْإِنْسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ} [العلق 2] فَرَجَعَ بِهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ تَرْجُفُ بَوَادِرُهُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى خَدِيجَةَ ؓ فَقَالَ زَمِّلُونِي زَمِّلُونِي فَزَمَّلُوهُ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ عَنْهُ الرَّوْعُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِخَدِيجَةَ أَيْ خَدِيجَةُ مَا لِي وَأَخْبَرَهَا الْخَبَرَ قَالَ لقَدْ خَشِيتُ عَلَى نَفْسِي قَالَتْ لَهُ خَدِيجَةُ كَلَّا أَبْشِرْ فَوَاللهِ لَا يُخْزِيكَ اللهُ أَبَدًا وَاللهِ إِنَّكَ لِتَصِلُ الرَّحِمَ وَتَصْدُقُ الْحَدِيثَ وَتَحْمِلُ الْكَلَّ وَتُكْسِبُ الْمَعْدُومَ وَتَقْرِي الضَّيْفَ وَتُعِينُ عَلَى نَوَائِبِ الْحَقِّ فَانْطَلَقَتْ بِهِ خَدِيجَةُ ؓ حَتَّى أَتَتْ بِهِ وَرَقَةَ بْنَ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى بْنِ قُصَيٍّ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّ خَدِيجَةَ ابْنُ أَخِي أَبِيهَا وَكَانَ امْرَأً تَنَصَّرَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَكْتُبُ الْكِتَابَ الْعَرَبِيَّ وَيَكْتُبُ مِنَ الْإِنْجِيلِ بِالْعَرَبِيَّةِ مَا شَاءَ اللهُ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ وَكَانَ شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا قَدْ عَمِيَ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ خَدِيجَةُ أَيْ عَمِّ اسْمَعْ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ قَالَ وَرَقَةُ بْنُ نَوْفَلٍ ابْنَ أَخِي مَاذَا تَرَى؟ فَأَخْبَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خَبَرَ مَا رَأَى فَقَالَ لَهُ وَرَقَةُ هَذَا النَّامُوسُ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ اللهُ عَلَى مُوسَى يَا لَيْتَنِي فِيهَا جَذَعًا يَا لَيْتَنِي أَكُونُ حَيًّا حِينَ يُخْرِجُكَ قَوْمُكَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَوَمُخْرِجِيَّ هُمْ؟ قَالَ وَرَقَةُ نَعَمْ لَمْ يَأْتِ رَجُلٌ قَطُّ بِمَا جِئْتَ بِهِ إِلَّا عُودِيَ وَإِنْ يُدْرِكْنِي يَوْمُكَ أَنْصُرْكَ نَصْرًا مُؤَزَّرًا  

[Machine] He heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "Revelation was paused from me. While I was walking, I heard a voice from the sky. So, I raised my gaze towards the sky and saw the angel who came to me in Hira sitting on a throne between the sky and the earth. I felt afraid of him, so I returned to my family and said to them, 'Wrap me up, wrap me up!' So they wrapped me up, and Allah revealed, 'O you who is wrapped [in garments], arise and warn and your Lord, magnify and your clothing, purify and uncleanliness avoid.' [Quran 74:1-5]" Abu Salama said, "And 'uncleanness' refers to idols." Then the revelation resumed. And it continues until 17723. Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz informed us, Abu Sahl Bishr bin Ahmed Al-Mahrajan narrated to us, Dawood bin Al-Hussain bin Ali bin Aqil, who is Al-Khasrojardi, narrated to us, Abdul Malik bin Shu'ayb bin Laith bin Saad, narrated to me from my father, narrated to me Aqeel bin Khalid, from Ibn Shihab, who said, 'I heard Abu Salama bin Abdur Rahman saying, Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) told me that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "Revelation was paused from me for a period of time." And he mentioned the hadith with its meaning.  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ فَتَرَ الْوَحْيُ عَنِّي فَبَيْنَمَا أَنَا أَمْشِي سَمِعْتُ صَوْتًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَرَفَعْتُ بَصَرِي قِبَلَ السَّمَاءِ فَإِذَا الْمَلَكُ الَّذِي جَاءَنِي بِحِرَاءٍ قَاعِدٌ عَلَى كُرْسِيٍّ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ فَخَشِيتُ مِنْهُ فَرَقًا حَتَّى هَوَيْتُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ فَجِئْتُ أَهْلِي فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ زَمِّلُونِي زَمِّلُونِي فَزَمَّلُونِي فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ قُمْ فَأَنْذِرْ وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ وَالرُّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ} [المدثر 2] قَالَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ وَالرُّجْزُ الْأَوْثَانُ قَالَ ثُمَّ حَمِيَ الْوَحْيُ بَعْدُ وَتَتَابَعَ 17723 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو سَهْلٍ بِشْرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ ثنا دَاوُدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ هُوَ الْخُسْرَوْجِرْدِيُّ ثنا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ جَدِّي أَخْبَرَنِي عَقِيلُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَلَمَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ يَقُولُ أَخْبَرَنِي جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ ؓ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ فَتَرَ الْوَحْيُ عَنِّي فَتْرَةً فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِمَعْنَاهُ  

[Machine] The first verse that was revealed from the Quran is "Read in the name of your Lord who created" [Al-Alaq 1].  

إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا نَزَلَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ {اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ} [العلق 1]  

" And warn thy nearest kindred" (and thy group of selected people among them) the Messenger of Allah ﷺ set off till he climbed Safa' and called loudly: Be on your guard! They said: Who is it calling aloud? They said: Muhammad. They gathered round him, and he said: O sons of so and so, O sons of so and so, O sons of 'Abd Manaf, O sons of 'Abd al-Muttalib, and they gathered around him. He (the Apostle) said: If I were to inform you that there were horsemen emerging out of the foot of this mountain, would you believe me? They said: We have not experienced any lie from you. He said: Well, I am a warner to you before a severe torment. He (the narrator) said that Abu Lahab then said: Destruction to you! Is it for this you have gathered us? He (the Holy Prophet) then stood up, and this verse was revealed:" Perish the hands of Abu Lahab, and he indeed perished" (cxi. 1). A'mash recited this to the end of the Sura. (Using translation from Muslim 208a)   

لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ} [الشعراء 214] وَرَهْطَكَ مِنْهُمُ الْمُخْلَصِينَ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى صَعِدَ الصَّفَا فَهَتَفَ وَاصَبَاحَاهُ فَقَالُوا مَنْ هَذَا الَّذِي يَهْتِفُ؟ قَالُوا مُحَمَّدٌ قَالَ فَاجْتَمَعُوا إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ يَا بَنِي فُلَانٍ يَا بَنِي فُلَانٍ يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ أَرَأَيْتَكُمْ لَوْ أَخْبَرْتُكُمْ أَنَّ خَيْلًا تَخْرُجُ بِسَفْحِ هَذَا الْجَبَلِ أَكُنْتُمْ مُصَدِّقِيَّ؟ قَالُوا مَا جَرَّبْنَا عَلَيْكَ كَذِبًا قَالَ فَإِنِّي نَذِيرٌ لَكُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو لَهَبٍ تَبًّا لَكَ مَا جَمَعْتَنَا إِلَّا لِهَذَا ثُمَّ قَامَ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ (تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَقَدْ تَبَّ) كَذَا قَرَأَ الْأَعْمَشُ إِلَى آخِرِ السُّورَةِ  

[Machine] When this verse was revealed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, "And warn, [O Muhammad], your closest kindred. And lower your wing to those who follow you of the believers" [Surah Ash-Shuara 215], the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I knew that if I started with it, some of my people would have disliked it. So, I remained silent about it. Then, Jibreel (Gabriel) ﷺ came to me and said, 'O Muhammad, if you do not do what your Lord has commanded you, your Lord will punish you.' Then he mentioned a story about their gathering and his warning to them."  

لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ {وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ وَاخْفِضْ جَنَاحَكَ لِمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ} [الشعراء 215] قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَرَفْتُ أَنِّي إِنْ بَادَأْتُ بِهَا قَوْمِي رَأَيْتُ مِنْهُمْ مَا أَكْرَهُ فَصَمَتُّ عَلَيْهَا فَجَاءَنِي جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّكَ إِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ مَا أَمَرَكَ بِهِ رَبُّكَ عَذَّبَكَ رَبُّكَ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قِصَّةً فِي جَمْعِهِمْ وَإِنْذَارِهِ إِيَّاهُمْ  

[Machine] I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ following the people in their homes, inviting them to Allah, while behind him was a man saying, "O people, do not be deceived by your religion and the religion of your fathers." I asked, "Who is this?" They said, "His uncle, Abu Lahab."  

رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بِذِي الْمَجَازِ يَتْبَعُ النَّاسَ فِي مَنَازِلِهِمْ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى اللهِ ﷻ وَوَرَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ لَا يَغُرَّنَّكُمْ عَنْ دِينِكُمْ وَدِينِ آبَائِكُمْ قُلْتُ مَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالُوا عَمُّهُ أَبُو لَهَبٍ  

I asked ʿAbdullah bin ʿAmr bin Al-ʿAs to inform me of the worst thing the pagans had done to Allah's Apostle. He said: "While Messenger of Allah ﷺ was praying in the courtyard of the Kaʿba, ʿUqba bin Abi Mu'ait came and seized Messenger of Allah ﷺ by the shoulder and twisted his garment round his neck and throttled him severely. Abu Bakr came and seized ʿUqba's shoulder and threw him away from Allah's Apostle and said, "Would you kill a man because he says: 'My Lord is Allah,' and has come to you with clear Signs from your Lord?" (40.28) (Using translation from Bukhārī 4815)   

حَدِّثْنِي بِأَشَدِّ شَيْءٍ صَنَعَهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَقْبَلَ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي عِنْدَ الْكَعْبَةِ فَلَوَى ثَوْبَهُ فِي عُنُقِهِ فَخَنَقَهُ خَنْقًا شَدِيدًا فَأَقْبَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَأَخَذَ بِمَنْكِبَيْهِ فَدَفَعَهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَتَقْتُلُونَ رَجُلًا أَنْ يَقُولَ رَبِّيَ اللهُ وَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ؟  

ʿAbdullah bin Masʿud said, "While Messenger of Allah ﷺ was praying beside the Kaʿba, there were some Quraish people sitting in a gathering. One of them said, 'Don't you see this (who does deeds just to show off)? Who amongst you can go and bring the dung, blood and the Abdominal contents (intestines, etc.) of the slaughtered camels of the family of so and so and then wait till he prostrates and put that in between his shoulders?' The most unfortunate amongst them (ʿUqba bin Abi Mu'ait) went (and brought them) and when Messenger of Allah ﷺ prostrated, he put them between his shoulders. The Prophet remained in prostration and they laughed so much so that they fell on each other. A passerby went to Fatima, who was a young girl in those days. She came running and the Prophet ﷺ was still in prostration. She removed them and cursed upon the Quraish on their faces. When Messenger of Allah ﷺ completed his prayer, he said, 'O Allah! Take revenge on Quraish.' He said so thrice and added, 'O Allah! take revenge on ʿAmr bin Hisham, ʿUtba bin Rabiʿa, Shaiba bin Rabiʿa, Al-Walid bin ʿUtba, Umaiya bin Khalaf, ʿUqba bin Abi Mu'ait and ʿUmar a bin Al-Walid." ʿAbdullah added, "By Allah! I saw all of them dead in the battle field on the day of Badr and they were dragged and thrown in the Qalib (a well) at Badr: Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said, 'Allah's curse has descended upon the people of the Qalib (well). (Using translation from Bukhārī 520)   

رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي عِنْدَ الْكَعْبَةِ وَجَمِيعُ قُرَيْشٍ فِي مَجَالِسِهِمْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِذْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ أَلَا تَنْظُرُونَ إِلَى هَذَا الْمُرَائِي؟ أَيُّكُمْ يَقُومُ إِلَى جَزُورِ بَنِي فُلَانٍ فَيَعْمِدُ إِلَى فَرْثِهَا وَدَمِهَا وَسَلَاهَا فَيَجِيءُ بِهِ ثُمَّ يُمْهِلُهُ حَتَّى إِذَا سَجَدَ وَضَعَهُ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْهِ؟ فَانْبَعَثَ أَشْقَاهَا فَجَاءَ بِهِ فَلَمَّا سَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَضَعَهُ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْهِ وَثَبَتَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ سَاجِدًا وَضَحِكُوا حَتَّى مَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ مِنَ الضَّحِكِ فَانْطَلَقَ مُنْطَلِقٌ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ ؓ وَهِيَ جُوَيْرِيَةٌ فَأَقْبَلَتْ تَسْعَى حَتَّى أَلْقَتْهُ عَنْهُ وَأَقْبَلَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ تَسُبُّهُمْ فَلَمَّا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الصَّلَاةَ قَالَ اللهُمَّ عَلَيْكَ بِقُرَيْشٍ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ سَمَّى اللهُمَّ عَلَيْكَ بِعَمْرِو بْنِ هِشَامٍ وَبِعُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ وَالْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ وَأُمَيَّةَ بْنِ خَلَفٍ وَعُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ وَعُمَارَةَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ وَاللهِ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُمْ صَرْعَى يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ يُسْحَبُونَ إِلَى قَلِيبِ بَدْرٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَتْبِعْ أَصْحَابَ الْقَلِيبِ لَعْنَةً  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ used to guard himself until this verse was revealed: "O Messenger, convey whatever has been revealed to you from your Lord, and if you do not, you will not have conveyed His message. And Allah will protect you from the people." [Surah Al-Ma'idah: 67] So, the Prophet ﷺ raised his head from the dome and said, "O people, go away, Allah has protected me." And according to the narration of Al-Hilali, he said to them, "O people, Ash-Shafi'i said that Allah will protect you from being killed by them until you convey what has been revealed to you. So, he conveyed what he was commanded, and the people mocked him. Then the verse was revealed: "So, declare what you are commanded and turn away from the polytheists. Indeed, We are sufficient for you against the mockers." [Surah Al-Hijr: 95]  

كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُحْرَسُ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ وَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ وَاللهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ} [المائدة 67] فَأَخْرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الْقُبَّةِ فَقَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ انْصَرِفُوا فَقَدْ عَصَمَنِي اللهُ وَرِوَايَةُ الْهِلَالِيِّ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنْ قَتْلِهِمْ أَنْ يَقْتُلُوكَ حَتَّى تُبَلِّغَهُمْ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ فَبَلَّغَ مَا أُمِرَ بِهِ فَاسْتَهْزَأَ بِهِ قَوْمٌ فَنَزَلَ {فَاصْدَعْ بِمَا تُؤْمَرُ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ إِنَّا كَفَيْنَاكَ الْمُسْتَهْزِئِينَ} [الحجر 95]  

[Machine] "The mockers are Al-Walid bin Al-Mughira, Al-Aswad bin Abd Yaghooth Al-Zuhri, Al-Aswad bin Al-Muttalib, Abu Zam'a from the Banu Asad bin Abdul Uzza, Al-Harith bin Aytal Al-Sahmi, and Al-Aas bin Wail. Gabriel came to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ complaining about them. He saw Al-Walid bin Al-Mughira and gestured towards his chin and asked, 'What did you do?' The Prophet replied, 'I silenced him.' Then he saw Al-Aswad bin Al-Muttalib and gestured towards his eyes and asked the same question, to which the Prophet replied, 'I silenced him.' Gabriel also gestured towards the head of Al-Aswad bin Abd Yaghooth Al-Zuhri, and the Prophet responded, 'I silenced him.' When he passed by Al-Aas bin Wail, Gabriel gestured towards his toes and asked the same question. The Prophet replied, 'I silenced him.' As for Al-Walid bin Al-Mughira, he encountered a man from the tribe of Khuzayah while he was sharpening his spear, and it accidentally pierced his chin. As for Al-Aswad bin Al-Muttalib, he went blind. Some say he used to say, 'Go down, Samura,' and then he would say, 'O my sons, don't you protect me?' They would reply, 'We don't see anything.' His blindness continued until he died. As for Al-Aswad bin Abd Yaghooth Al-Zuhri, wounds appeared on his head, and he died from them. As for Al-Harith bin Aytal, he was affected by yellow water in his stomach, and his intestines came out, causing his death. As for Al-Aas bin Wail, one day as he was walking, a splinter entered his head and filled it up, causing his death. Others say that he rode a donkey to At-Tā'if and a thorn entered his foot and killed him."  

الْمُسْتَهْزِئُونَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ وَالْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ الزُّهْرِيُّ وَالْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَأَبُو زَمْعَةَ مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ عَيْطَلٍ السَّهْمِيُّ وَالْعَاصِ بْنُ وَائِلٍ فَأَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ شَكَاهُمْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَرَاهُ الْوَلِيدَ أَبَا عَمْرِو بْنَ الْمُغِيرَةِ فَأَوْمَأَ جِبْرِيلُ إِلَى أَبْجَلِهِ فَقَالَ مَا صَنَعْتَ؟ قَالَ كُفِيتُهُ ثُمَّ أَرَاهُ الْأَسْوَدَ بْنَ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَأَوْمَى جِبْرِيلُ إِلَى عَيْنَيْهِ فَقَالَ مَا صَنَعْتَ؟ قَالَ كُفِيتُهُ ثُمَّ أَرَاهُ الْأَسْوَدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ الزُّهْرِيَّ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَى رَأْسِهِ فَقَالَ مَا صَنَعْتَ؟ قَالَ كُفِيتُهُ وَمَرَّ بِهِ الْعَاصِ بْنُ وَائِلٍ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَى أَخْمَصِهِ فَقَالَ مَا صَنَعْتَ؟ قَالَ كُفِيتُهُ فَأَمَّا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ فَمَرَّ بِرَجُلٍ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ وَهُوَ يَرْيِشُ نَبْلًا لَهُ فَأَصَابَ أَبْجَلَهُ فَقَطَعَهَا وَأَمَّا الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَعَمِيَ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ عَمِيَ هَكَذَا وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ نَزَلَ تَحْتَ سَمُرَةٍ فَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ يَا بَنِيَّ أَلَا تَدْفَعُونَ عَنِّي؟ قَدْ قُتِلْتُ فَجَعَلُوا يَقُولُونَ مَا نَرَى شَيْئًا فَلَمْ يَزَلْ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى عَمِيَتْ عَيْنَاهُ وَأَمَّا الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ الزُّهْرِيُّ فَخَرَجَ فِي رَأْسِهِ قُرُوحٌ فَمَاتَ مِنْهَا وَأَمَّا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عَيْطَلٍ فَأَخَذَهُ الْمَاءُ الْأَصْفَرُ فِي بَطْنِهِ حَتَّى خَرَجَ خُرْؤُهُ مِنْ فِيهِ فَمَاتَ مِنْهَا وَأَمَّا الْعَاصِ بْنُ وَائِلٍ فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ كَذَلِكَ يَوْمًا إِذْ دَخَلَ فِي رَأْسِهِ شِبْرِقَةٌ حَتَّى امْتَلَأَتْ مِنْهَا فَمَاتَ مِنْهَا وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ فَرَكِبَ إِلَى الطَّائِفِ عَلَى حِمَارٍ فَرَبَضَ بِهِ عَلَى شِبْرِقَةٍ فَدَخَلَتْ فِي أَخْمَصِ قَدَمِهِ شَوْكَةٌ فَقَتَلَتْهُ  

[Machine] Indeed, Allah recites peace upon you and says, "If you wish, the Safa will turn into gold. But whoever disbelieves after that, I will punish him with a punishment that I do not inflict upon anyone else in the entire world. And if you wish, I will open for them the door of repentance and mercy." He said, "Rather, O Lord, repentance and mercy."  

إِنْ اللهُ يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ وَيَقُولُ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَصْبَحَ الصَّفَا ذَهَبًا فَمَنْ كَفَرَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ عَذَّبْتُهُ عَذَابًا لَا أُعَذِّبُهُ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ فَتَحْتُ لَهُمْ بَابَ التَّوْبَةِ وَالرَّحْمَةِ قَالَ بَلْ يَا رَبِّ التَّوْبَةَ وَالرَّحْمَةَ  

[Machine] About Abu Al-A'la "So be patient as the brave were patient. Noah, Hud and Ibrahim were commanded to be patient like those before them, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was the fourth. Noah said, "If my conduct with you and my reminding you of the signs of Allah have hurt you..." [Yunus 71], and so on until the end. He showed them the contradiction. Hud said when they said, "We see nothing but that you are afflicted by one of our evil spells..." [Hud 54], and so on. He showed them the contradiction. Ibrahim said, "Indeed there has been an excellent example for you in Ibrahim" [Al-Mumtahanah 4], and so on. He showed them the contradiction. Muhammad said, "I have been forbidden to worship those whom you invoke besides Allah" [Al-An'am 56]. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood at the Kaaba and recited it to the polytheists, showing them the contradiction.  

عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ {فَاصْبِرْ كَمَا صَبَرَ أُولُو الْعَزْمِ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ} نُوحٌ وَهودٌ وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ أُمِرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَصْبِرَ كَمَا صَبَرَ هَؤُلَاءِ فَكَانُوا ثَلَاثَةً وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ رَابِعُهُمْ قَالَ نُوحٌ {إِنْ كَانَ كَبُرَ عَلَيْكُمْ مَقَامِي وَتَذْكِيرِي بِآيَاتِ اللهِ} [يونس 71] إِلَى آخِرِهَا فَأَظْهَرَ لَهُمُ الْمُفَارَقَةَ وَقَالَ هُودٌ حِينَ قَالُوا {إِنْ نَقُولُ إِلَّا اعْتَرَاكَ بَعْضُ آلِهَتِنَا بِسُوءٍ} [هود 54] الْآيَةَ فَأَظْهَرَ لَهُمُ الْمُفَارَقَةَ وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ {قَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ} [الممتحنة 4] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ فَأَظْهَرَ لَهُمُ الْمُفَارَقَةَ وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ {إِنِّي نُهِيتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللهِ} [الأنعام 56] فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ الْكَعْبَةِ يَقْرَؤُهَا عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَأَظْهَرَ لَهُمُ الْمُفَارَقَةَ  

[Machine] The wife of the Prophet ﷺ , Sawdah, said, "When Mecca became narrow for us and the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ were persecuted and afflicted with trials and they saw the afflictions and trials they were facing in their religion, and that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ could not protect them from it, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was in a state of boycott by his people and his relatives, where nothing reached him that he disliked but affected his companions. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to them, 'Verily, in the land of Abyssinia, there is a king who does not oppress anyone under his rule. So go there until Allah opens for you a way out and a place of refuge from what you are in.' So, we emigrated to it in groups until we gathered and settled in a good land, with a good neighbor. We were safe in our religion and did not fear any injustice from him." And the hadith mentioned its entirety.  

سَلَمَةَ ؓ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ لَمَّا ضَاقَتْ عَلَيْنَا مَكَّةُ وَأُوذِيَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَفُتِنُوا وَرَأَوْا مَا يُصِيبُهُمْ مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ وَالْفِتْنَةِ فِي دِينِهِمْ وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ دَفْعَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُمْ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي مَنَعَةٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ وَعَمِّهِ لَا يَصِلُ إِلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ مِمَّا يَكْرَهُ مَا يَنَالُ أَصْحَابَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ بِأَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ مَلِكًا لَا يُظْلَمُ أَحَدٌ عِنْدَهُ فَالْحَقُوا بِبِلَادِهِ حَتَّى يَجْعَلَ اللهُ لَكُمْ فَرَجًا وَمَخْرَجًا مِمَّا أَنْتُمْ فِيهِ فَخَرَجْنَا إِلَيْهَا أَرْسَالًا حَتَّى اجْتَمَعْنَا وَنَزَلْنَا بِخَيْرِ دَارٍ إِلَى خَيْرِ جَارٍ أَمِنَّا عَلَى دِينِنَا وَلَمْ نَخْشَ مِنْهُ ظُلْمًا وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stayed with the pilgrims in their dwellings for ten years during the seasons of Mijannah, 'Ukaz, and their dwellings in Mina. He asked, "Who will provide refuge and support me until I deliver the messages of my Lord? For him is Paradise." However, he did not find anyone who would provide refuge and support him, until a man from Makkah or Yemen would enter his companion's dwelling, and his people or relatives would warn him, saying, "Beware of this young man from Quraysh, he will harm you. He walks among your bags and invites you to Allah, pointing at him with his finger." Then Allah sent a man from Yathrib who believed in him and recited the Quran to him. He returned to his people and they embraced Islam until there was no house left in Yathrib except that it had a group of Muslims who openly declared their faith. Then Allah sent for him and we met and gathered seventy of us and said, "How long will the Messenger of Allah be driven away in the mountains of Makkah and fear? So we traveled until we reached him during the season. We made an appointment with the people of 'Aqabah and gathered there one man, then two men, until we met him there. We said, "O Messenger of Allah, why should we pledge allegiance to you?" He replied, "Pledge allegiance to me in hearing and obedience, in times of ease and difficulty, in hardship and ease, in commanding the good and forbidding the evil, and that you will not blame me for the sake of Allah, regardless of what happens. And that you will support me if I come to you in Yathrib and will protect me from that which you protect yourselves, your wives, and your children. And for you is Paradise." So we said, "We pledge allegiance to you." He took the hand of As'ad bin Zurarah, the youngest of the seventy men except me, and said, "O people of Yathrib, we have not struck the liver of a camel except that we knew that he is the Messenger of Allah and that his leaving today means the separation of all the Arabs and the killing of your best men. And the swords will bite you. But as for you, you are a people who can bear the biting of swords, the killing of your best men, and the separation of all the Arabs. Take him, and your reward is with Allah. But as for you, you fear for yourselves and hesitate, so leave him. He is the most careful for your sake in the sight of Allah." So they said, "Hold your hand, O As'ad bin Zurarah. By Allah, we will not abandon this pledge nor will we resign from it." So we stood up and approached him, one by one, agreeing to his conditions and receiving the promise of Paradise in return.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ لَبِثَ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ يَتْبَعُ الْحَاجَّ فِي مَنَازِلِهِمْ فِي الْمَوَاسِمِ بمَجَنَّةَ وَعُكَاظٍ وَمَنَازِلِهِمْ بِمِنًى؟ مَنْ يُؤْوِينِي وَيَنْصُرُنِي حَتَّى أُبَلِّغَ رِسَالِاتِ رَبِّي وَلَهُ الْجَنَّةُ؟ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ أَحَدًا يُؤْوِيهِ وَيَنْصُرُهُ حَتَّى إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيُدْخِلُ صَاحِبَهُ مِنْ مِصْرَ وَالْيَمَنِ فَيَأْتِيهِ قَوْمُهُ أَوْ ذَوُو رَحِمِهِ فَيَقُولُونَ احْذَرْ فَتَى قُرَيْشٍ لَا يُصِيبُكَ يَمْشِي بَيْنَ رِحَالِهِمْ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى اللهِ يُشِيرُونَ إِلَيْهِ بِأَصَابِعِهِمْ حَتَّى يَبْعَثَ اللهُ مِنْ يَثْرِبَ فَيَأْتِيهِ الرَّجُلُ مِنَّا فَيُؤْمِنُ بِهِ ويُقْرِئُهُ الْقُرْآنَ فَيَنْقَلِبُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَيُسْلِمُونَ بِإِسْلَامِهِ حَتَّى لَمْ يَبْقَ دَارٌ مِنْ دُورِ يَثْرِبَ إِلَّا فِيهَا رَهْطٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يُظْهِرُونَ الْإِسْلَامَ ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُ اللهُ فَائْتَمَرْنَا وَاجْتَمَعْنَا سَبْعِينَ رَجُلًا مِنَّا فَقُلْنَا حَتَّى مَتَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُطْرَدُ فِي جِبَالِ مَكَّةَ وَيَخَالُ أَوْ قَالَ وَيَخَافُ فَرَحَلْنَا حَتَّى قَدِمْنَا عَلَيْهِ الْمَوْسِمَ فَوَعَدَنَا شِعْبَ الْعَقَبَةِ فَاجْتَمَعْنَا فِيهِ مِنْ رَجُلٍ وَرَجُلَيْنِ حَتَّى تَوَافَيْنَا فِيهِ عِنْدَهُ فَقُلْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ عَلَامَ نُبَايِعُكَ؟ قَالَ تُبَايِعُونِي عَلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ فِي النَّشَاطِ وَالْكَسَلِ وَعَلَى النَّفَقَةِ فِي الْعُسْرِ وَالْيُسْرِ وَعَلَى الْأَمْرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالنَّهْيِ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَأَنْ تَقُولُوا فِي اللهِ لَا يَأْخُذُكُمْ فِي اللهِ لَوْمَةُ لَائِمٍ وَعَلَى أَنْ تَنْصُرُونِي إِنْ قَدِمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ يَثْرِبَ وَتَمْنَعُونِي مِمَّا تَمْنَعُونَ مِنْهُ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَأَزْوَاجَكُمْ وَأَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَلَكُمُ الْجَنَّةُ فَقُلْنَا نُبَايِعُكَ فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِهِ أَسْعَدُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ وَهُوَ أَصْغَرُ السَّبْعِينَ رَجُلًا إِلَّا أَنَا فَقَالَ رُوَيْدًا يَا أَهْلَ يَثْرِبَ إِنَّا لَمْ نَضْرِبْ إِلَيْهِ أَكْبَادَ الْمَطِيِّ إِلَّا وَنَحْنُ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ وَأَنَّ إِخْرَاجَهُ الْيَوْمَ مُفَارَقَةُ الْعَرَبِ كَافَّةً وَقَتْلُ خِيَارِكُمْ وَأَنْ تَعَضَّكُمُ السُّيُوفُ وَأَمَّا أَنْتُمْ قَوْمٌ تَصْبِرُونَ عَلَى عَضِّ السُّيُوفِ وَقَتْلِ خِيَارِكُمْ وَمُفَارَقَةِ الْعَرَبِ كَافَّةً فَخُذُوهُ وَأَجْرُكُمْ عَلَى اللهِ وَأَمَّا أَنْتُمْ تَخَافُونَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ خِيفَةً فَذَرُوهُ فَهُوَ أَعْذَرُ لَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللهِ فَقَالُوا أَخِّرْ عَنَّا يَدَكَ يَا أَسْعَدُ بْنَ زُرَارَةَ فَوَاللهِ لَا نَذَرُ هَذِهِ الْبَيْعَةَ وَلَا نَسْتَقِيلُهَا فَقُمْنَا إِلَيْهِ رَجُلًا رَجُلًا يَأْخُذُ عَلَيْنَا شَرْطَهُ وَيُعْطِينَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْجَنَّةَ  

"The Prophet ﷺ was in Makkah, then Hijrah was ordered, so the following was revealed to him: Say: 'My Lord! Let my entry be good, and likewise my exit be good. And grant me from You a helping authority (17:80).'" (Using translation from Tirmidhī 3139)   

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ فَأُمِرَ بِالْهِجْرَةِ وَأُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ {وَقُلْ رَبِّ أَدْخِلْنِي مُدْخَلَ صِدْقٍ وَأَخْرِجْنِي مُخْرَجَ صِدْقٍ وَاجْعَلْ لِي مِنْ لَدُنْكَ سُلْطَانًا نَصِيرًا} [الإسراء 80]  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, while he was in Mecca, to the Muslims, "I have seen the home of your migration. I was shown a valley with two mountains, and they are the two Harats. So whoever migrates before the city (of Medina) is mentioned, let him migrate." When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned that, some of the Muslims who had migrated to the land of Abyssinia returned to Medina. Abu Bakr also prepared himself for migration. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him, "Go, for I hope that permission will be granted to me." Abu Bakr said, "And do you hope that with your father and mother?" He said, "Yes." So Abu Bakr confined himself for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, for his company and he tethered his two riding animals and gathered dry leaves for them for four months.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِمَكَّةَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ قَدْ رَأَيْتُ دَارَ هِجْرَتِكُمْ أُرِيتُ سَبْخَةً ذَاتَ نَخْلٍ بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْنِ وَهُمَا الْحَرَّتَانِ فَهَاجَرَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ قِبَلَ الْمَدِينَةِ حِينَ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَرَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ بَعْضُ مَنْ كَانَ هَاجَرَ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَتَجَهَّزَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ مُهَاجِرًا فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى رِسْلِكَ فَإِنِّي أَرْجُو أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لِي فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ وَتَرْجُو ذَلِكَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي قَالَ نَعَمْ فَحَبَسَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لِصَحَابَتِهِ وَعَلَفَ رَاحِلَتَيْنِ عِنْدَهُ وَرَقَ السَّمُرِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ  

[Machine] I heard Al-Bara' saying, "The first to come to us from the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ were Mus'ab bin 'Umair and Ibn Umm Maktum, and they used to recite the Quran for us. Then 'Ammar bin Yasir, Bilal, and Sa'd came. After them, 'Umar bin al-Khattab came, and among them were members of the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the twenties. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came, and I have never seen the people of Medina so delighted with anything as they were delighted with the arrival of the Prophet ﷺ . I saw Al-Walid and the children running in the streets saying, ‘The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has come, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has come.’" He said, "As soon as we entered Medina, I recited, 'Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Highest.' in a similar Surah."  

سَمِعْتُ الْبَرَاءَ ؓ يَقُولُ كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مُصْعَبُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ وَابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ وَكَانَا يُقْرِئَانِ الْقُرْآنَ ثُمَّ جَاءَ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ وَبِلَالٌ وَسَعْدٌ ثُمَّ جَاءَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فِي عِشْرِينَ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَمَا رَأَيْتُ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَرِحُوا بِشَيْءٍ قَطُّ فَرَحَهُمْ بِهِ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ الْوَلَائِدَ وَالصِّبْيَانَ يَسْعَوْنَ فِي الطَّرَائِقِ يَقُولُونَ جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَمَا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ حَتَّى قَرَأْتُ {سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى} [الأعلى 1] فِي سُوَرٍ مِثْلِهَا مِنَ الْمُفَصَّلِ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ rode a donkey, equipped with a thick cloth-covering made in Fadak and was riding behind him. He was going to pay visit to Saʿd bin Ubada in Banu Al-Harith bin Al-Khazraj; and this incident happened before the battle of Badr. The Prophet ﷺ passed by a gathering in which ʿAbdullah bin Ubai bin Salul was present, and that was before ʿAbdullah bin Ubai embraced Islam. Behold in that gathering there were people of different religions: there were Muslims, pagans, idol-worshippers and Jews, and in that gathering ʿAbdullah bin Rawaha was also present. When a cloud of dust raised by the donkey reached that gathering, ʿAbdullah bin Ubai covered his nose with his garment and then said, "Do not cover us with dust." Then Messenger of Allah ﷺ greeted them and stopped and dismounted and invited them to Allah (i.e. to embrace Islam) and recited to them the Holy Qur'an. On that, ʿAbdullah bin Ubai bin Saluil said, "O man ! There is nothing better than that what you say. If it is the truth, then do not trouble us with it in our gatherings. Return to your mount (or residence) and if somebody comes to you, relate (your tales) to him." On that ʿAbdullah bin Rawaha said, "Yes, O Allah's Apostle! Bring it (i.e. what you want to say) to us in our gathering, for we love that." So the Muslims, the pagans and the Jews started abusing one another till they were on the point of fighting with one another. The Prophet ﷺ kept on quietening them till they became quiet, whereupon the Prophet rode his animal (mount) and proceeded till he entered upon Saʿd bin Ubada. The Prophet ﷺ said to Saʿd, "Did you not hear what 'Abu Hub-b said?" He meant ʿAbdullah bin Ubai. "He said so-andso." On that Saʿd bin Ubada said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Excuse and forgive him, for by Him Who revealed the Book to you, Allah brought the Truth which was sent to you at the time when the people of this town (i.e. Medina) had decided unanimously to crown him and tie a turban on his head (electing him as chief). But when Allah opposed that (decision) through the Truth which Allah gave to you, he (i.e. ʿAbdullah bin Ubai) was grieved with jealously. and that caused him to do what you have seen." So Messenger of Allah ﷺ excused him, for the Prophet ﷺ and his companions used to forgive the pagans and the people of Scripture as Allah had ordered them, and they used to put up with their mischief with patience. Allah said: "And you shall certainly hear much that will grieve you from those who received the Scripture before you and from the pagans........'(3.186) And Allah also said:--"Many of the people of the Scripture wish if they could turn you away as disbelievers after you have believed, from selfish envy.." (2.109) So the Prophet ﷺ used to stick to the principle of forgiveness for them as long as Allah ordered him to do so till Allah permitted fighting them. So when Messenger of Allah ﷺ fought the battle of Badr and Allah killed the nobles of Quraish infidels through him, Ibn Ubai bin Salul and the pagans and idolaters who were with him, said, "This matter (i.e. Islam) has appeared (i.e. became victorious)." So they gave the pledge of allegiance (for embracing Islam) to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and became Muslims. (Using translation from Bukhārī 4566)   

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَكِبَ عَلَى حِمَارٍ عَلَى إِكَافٍ عَلَى قَطِيفَةٍ فَدَكِيَّةٍ وَأَرْدَفَ أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ وَرَاءَهُ يَعُودُ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ فِي بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْخَزْرَجِ قَبْلَ وَقْعَةِ بَدْرٍ فَسَارَ حَتَّى مَرَّ بِمَجْلِسٍ فِيهِ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ ابْنُ سَلُولَ وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْلِمَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ فَإِذَا بِالْمَجْلِسِ رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ عَبْدَةِ الْأَوْثَانِ وَالْيَهُودِ وَفِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ فَلَمَّا غَشِيَتِ الْمَجْلِسَ عَجَاجَةُ الدَّابَّةِ خَمَّرَ ابْنُ أُبَيٍّ أَنْفَهُ بِرِدَائِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَا تُغَبِّرُوا عَلَيْنَا فَسَلَّمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ثُمَّ وَقَفَ فَنَزَلَ فَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى اللهِ ﷻ وَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقُرْآنَ قَالَ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ ابْنُ سَلُولَ أَيُّهَا الْمَرْءُ إِنَّهُ لَا أَحْسَنَ مِمَّا تَقُولُ إِنْ كَانَ حَقًّا فَلَا تُؤْذِنَا بِهِ فِي مَجْلِسِنَا ارْجِعْ إِلَى رَحْلِكَ فَمَنْ جَاءَكَ فَاقْصُصْ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَاغْشَنَا بِهِ فِي مَجَالِسِنَا فَإِنَّا نُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ فَاسْتَبَّ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ وَالْيَهُودُ حَتَّى كَادُوا يَتَثَاوَرُونَ فَلَمْ يَزَلِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُخَفِّضُهُمْ حَتَّى سَكَتُوا ثُمَّ رَكِبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ دَابَّتَهُ فَسَارَ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ ؓ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَا سَعْدُ أَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ مَا قَالَ أَبُو حُبَابٍ يُرِيدُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ أُبَيٍّ قَالَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَقَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ اعْفُ عَنْهُ وَاصْفَحْ فَوَالَّذِي أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ لَقَدْ جَاءَ اللهُ بِالْحَقِّ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْكَ وَلَقَدِ اصْطَلَحَ أَهْلُ هَذِهِ الْبُحَيْرَةِ عَلَى أَنْ يُتَوِّجُوهُ فَيُعَصِّبُوهُ فَلَمَّا رَدَّ اللهُ ذَلِكَ بِالْحَقِّ الَّذِي أَعْطَاكَ شَرَّقَ بِذَلِكَ فَذَلِكَ فَعَلَ بِهِ مَا رَأَيْتَ فَعَفَا عَنْهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَكَانَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ يَعْفُونَ عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَأَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ كَمَا أَمَرَهُمُ اللهُ ﷻ وَيَصْبِرُونَ عَلَى الْأَذَى قَالَ اللهُ ﷻ {وَلَتَسْمَعُنَّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَمِنَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا أَذًى كَثِيرًا وَإِنْ تَصْبِرُوا وَتَتَّقُوا فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ عَزْمِ الْأُمُورِ} [آل عمران 186] وَقَالَ اللهُ {وَدَّ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَوْ يَرُدُّونَكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمَانِكُمْ كُفَّارًا حَسَدًا مِنْ عِنْدِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْحَقُّ فَاعْفُوا وَاصْفَحُوا حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ اللهُ بِأَمْرِهِ إِنَّ اللهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ} [البقرة 109] وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَتَأَوَّلُ فِي الْعَفْوِ مَا أَمَرَ اللهُ بِهِ حَتَّى أُذِنَ لَهُمْ فِيهِمْ فَلَمَّا غَزَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَدْرًا فَقَتَلَ اللهُ بِهِ مَنْ قَتَلَ مِنْ صَنَادِيدِ كُفَّارِ قُرَيْشٍ قَالَ ابْنُ أُبَيٍّ ابْنُ سَلُولَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ عَبْدَةِ الْأَوْثَانِ هَذَا أَمْرٌ قَدْ تَوَجَّهَ فَبَايَعُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ  

“When the Prophet was expelled from Makkah, Abu Bakr said to him: ‘They have driven out their Prophet, verily to Allah we belong and to Him we return. They are surely doomed.’ Then it was revealed: ‘Permission to fight (against disbelievers) is given to those (believers) who are fought against, because they have been wronged; and surely, Allah is able to give them (believers) victory.’ Then I knew that there would be fighting.” Ibn Abbas said: “This is the first Verse that was revealed concerning fighting.” (Using translation from Nasāʾī 3085)   

أَخْرَجَ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ أَخْرَجُوا نَبِيَّهُمْ؛ لَيَهْلِكُنَّ قَالَ فَقَرَأَ {أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقَاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا وَإِنَّ اللهَ عَلَى نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ} [الحج 39] وَكَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ يَقْرَؤُهَا قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ فَعَلِمْتُ أَنَّهَا قِتَالٌ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَهِيَ أَوَّلُ آيَةٍ نَزَلَتْ فِي الْقِتَالِ  

that Abdur-Rahman bin Awf and some of his companions came to the Prophet in Makkah and said: “O Messenger of Allah! We were respected when we were idolaters and when we believed, we were humiliated.” He said: “I have been commanded to pardon, so do not fight.” Then, when Allah caused us to move to Al-Madinah, He commanded us to fight, but they refrained. Then Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, revealed: Have you not seen those who were told to hold back their hands (from fighting) and perform As-Salah” (Using translation from Nasāʾī 3086)   

الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ وَأَصْحَابًا لَهُ ؓ أَتَوَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالُوا يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ كُنَّا فِي عِزٍّ وَنَحْنُ مُشْرِكُونَ فَلَمَّا آمَنَّا صِرْنَا أَذِلَّةً فَقَالَ إِنِّي أُمِرْتُ بِالْعَفْوِ فَلَا تُقَاتِلُوا الْقَوْمَ فَلَمَّا حَوَّلَهُ اللهُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ أَمَرَهُ بِالْقِتَالِ فَكَفُّوا فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ {أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ قِيلَ لَهُمْ كُفُّوا أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ فَلَمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقِتَالُ إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ يَخْشَوْنَ النَّاسَ} [النساء 77]  

[Machine] In His statement, "So kill the polytheists wherever you find them" [Quran 9:5], and His statement, "Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day" [Quran 9:29], He has abrogated forgiveness for the polytheists. And His statement, "O Prophet, fight against the disbelievers and the hypocrites and be harsh upon them" [Quran 9:73], Allah has commanded him to fight the disbelievers with the sword and the hypocrites with words, and to remove kindness from them.  

فِي قَوْلِهِ {فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ} [التوبة 5] وَقَوْلِهِ {قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ} [التوبة 29] قَالَ فَنَسَخَ هَذَا الْعَفْوَ عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَقَوْلِهِ {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ جَاهِدِ الْكُفَّارَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ وَاغْلُظْ عَلَيْهِمْ} [التوبة 73] فَأَمَرَهُ اللهُ بِجِهَادِ الْكُفَّارِ بِالسَّيْفِ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ بِاللِّسَانِ وَأَذْهَبَ الرِّفْقَ عَنْهُمْ  

[Machine] "Those who associate partners with Allah" [Surah Al-Hijr 94] and "You are not over them, a compeller" [Surah Al-Ghashiyah 22]. He says, "You are not over them, a tyrant" [Surah Al-Qasas 47]. "So pardon them and overlook" [Surah Al-Ma'idah 13] and "And if you forgive and overlook" [Surah Al-Taghabun 14], "Then pardon and overlook until Allah brings about His command" [Surah Al-Baqarah 109]. "Say to those who have believed, forgive those who do not expect the days of Allah" [Surah Al-Jathiyah 14]. And similar to this in the Quran, Allah has commanded forgiveness for the polytheists and that it abrogates all of that is His saying, "So kill the polytheists wherever you find them" [Surah At-Tawba 5] and His saying, "Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day" [Surah At-Tawba 29] until His saying, "But they are insignificant" [Surah At-Tawba 29]. So, this pardon for the polytheists was abrogated.  

الْمُشْرِكِينَ} [الحجر 94] وَ {لَسْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِمُصَيْطِرٍ} [الغاشية 22] يَقُولُ لَسْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِجَبَّارٍ {فَاعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَاصْفَحْ} [المائدة 13] {وَإِنْ تَعْفُوا وَتَصْفَحُوا} [التغابن 14] {فَاعْفُوا وَاصْفَحُوا حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ اللهُ بِأَمْرِهِ} [البقرة 109] {قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يَغْفِرُوا لِلَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ أَيَّامَ اللهِ} [الجاثية 14] وَنَحْوُ هَذَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ أَمَرَ اللهُ بِالْعَفْوِ عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَأَنَّهُ نَسْخَ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ قَوْلُهُ {فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ} [التوبة 5] وَقَوْلُهُ {قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ} [التوبة 29] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ} [التوبة 29] فَنَسَخَ هَذَا الْعَفْوَ عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ  

[Machine] "Allah said, 'And if they turn away, then seize them and kill them wherever you find them and take not from among them any ally or helper except those who join a people between yourselves and whom is a treaty.' And He said, 'Allah does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion and do not expel you from your homes.' Then Allah abrogated them and revealed: 'Disassociation is from Allah and His Messenger to those with whom you had made a treaty among the polytheists.' Until His statement: 'So when the sacred months have passed, then kill the polytheists wherever you find them.' And He revealed, 'And fight against the polytheists collectively as they fight against you collectively.' He said, 'And if they incline to peace, then incline to it.' Then Allah abrogated that with this verse: 'Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful.'" [Quran 4:90, Quran 60:8, Quran 9:1, Quran 9:5, Quran 9:36, Quran 8:61, Quran 9:29]  

اللهُ ﷻ {فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَخُذُوهُمْ وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا مِنْهُمْ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا إِلَّا الَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ إِلَى قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ} [النساء 90] الْآيَةَ وَقَالَ {لَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ} [الممتحنة 8] الْآيَةَ ثُمَّ نَسَخَ هَؤُلَاءِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ {بَرَاءَةٌ مِنَ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ} [التوبة 1] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {فَإِذَا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ} [التوبة 5] وَأَنْزَلَ {وَقَاتِلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَافَّةً كَمَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ كَافَّةً} [التوبة 36] قَالَ {وَإِنْ جَنَحُوا لِلسَّلْمِ فَاجْنَحْ لَهَا} [الأنفال 61] ثُمَّ نَسْخَ ذَلِكَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ} [التوبة 29]  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent a group and appointed 'Ubaydah ibn al-Harith over them. When he set out to lead them, he wept profusely towards the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent a man named 'Abdullah ibn Jahsh in his place and wrote a letter for him. He ordered him not to read it until he reached a certain place, and not to force any of his companions to join him on the journey. So when he reached that place, he read the letter and contemplated it. He said, "I hear and obey Allah and His Messenger." So one of his companions returned, and the rest of them continued with him. They encountered Ibn al-Hadhrami and killed him without realizing it was Rajab or Jumada al-Akhirah (months). So the polytheists said, "They killed him in the sacred month." And the verse was revealed: "They ask you about the sacred month - about fighting therein. Say, 'Fighting therein is great [sin], but averting [people] from the way of Allah and disbelief in Him and [preventing access to] al-Masjid al-Haram and the expulsion of its people therefrom are greater [evil] in the sight of Allah.'" [Quran 2:217] until His saying: "And fitnah is greater than killing." [Quran 2:217] Some Muslims said, "If they were in the right, they would have received a reward." So the verse was revealed: "Indeed, those who have believed and those who have emigrated and fought in the cause of Allah - those expect the mercy of Allah. And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful." [Quran 2:218]  

بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ رَهْطًا وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ فَلَمَّا انْطَلَقَ لِيَتَوَجَّهَ بَكَى صَبَابَةً إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَبَعَثَ مَكَانَهُ رَجُلًا يُقَالُ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ وَكَتَبَ لَهُ كِتَابًا وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ لَا يَقْرَأَهُ إِلَّا لِمَكَانِ كَذَا وَكَذَا لَا تُكْرِهَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ عَلَى الْمَسِيرِ مَعَكَ فَلَمَّا صَارَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْمَوْضِعِ قَرَأَ الْكِتَابَ وَاسْتَرْجَعَ قَالَ سَمْعًا وَطَاعَةً لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ قَالَ فَرَجَّعَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ وَمَضَى بَقِيَّتُهُمْ مَعَهُ فَلَقُوا ابْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ فَقَتَلُوهُ فَلَمْ يَدْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنْ رَجَبٍ أَوْ مِنْ جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ قَتَلَهُمْ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ فَنَزَلَتْ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ} [البقرة 217] إِلَى قَولِهِ {وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ} [البقرة 217] قَالَ فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لَئِنْ كَانُوا أَصَابُوا خَيْرًا مَا لَهُمْ أَجْرٌ فَنَزَلَتْ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ أُولَئِكَ يَرْجُونَ رَحْمَةَ اللهِ وَاللهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ}  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent a group of Muslims led by Abdullah bin Jahsh al-Asadi. They traveled until they reached a date palm tree and found Amr bin al-Hadrami with a trade caravan belonging to the Quraysh. The incident of killing Ibn al-Hadrami and the revelation of the verse "They ask you about the sacred month" (Quran 2:217) was mentioned. We were informed that the Prophet ﷺ approved of killing Ibn al-Hadrami and declared the sacred month forbidden just as he used to forbid it until Allah revealed, "Disassociation is declared by Allah and His Messenger" (Quran 9:1). The scholar, may Allah have mercy on him, said it seems he intended to mention the verse, "And fight against all the polytheists" (Quran 9:36), and the verse mentioned by al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, is comprehensive regarding abrogation. Allah knows best.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ جَحْشٍ الْأَسَدِيَّ فَانْطَلَقُوا حَتَّى هَبَطُوا نَخْلَةَ فَوَجَدُوا بِهَا عَمْرَو بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ فِي عِيرِ تِجَارَةٍ لِقُرَيْشٍ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي قَتْلِ ابْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ وَنُزُولِ قَوْلِهِ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ} [البقرة 217] قَالَ فَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَقَلَ ابْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ وَحَرَّمَ الشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ كَمَا كَانَ يُحَرِّمُهُ حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {بَرَاءَةٌ مِنَ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ} [التوبة 1] قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَكَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ قَوْلَ اللهِ ﷻ {وَقَاتِلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَافَّةً} [التوبة 36] وَالْآيَةُ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ أَعَمُّ فِي النَّسْخِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] "And that was said by Sulaiman bin Yasir."  

وَقَالَ ذَلِكَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ  

[Machine] Regarding the sacred month, fighting in it is mentioned. Say, "Fighting in it is a great sin." [Al-Baqarah 217] He said, "This is something abrogated and has passed, and there is no harm in fighting in the sacred month and others."  

عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ} [البقرة 217] قَالَ هَذَا شَيْءٌ مَنْسُوخٌ وَقَدْ مَضَى وَلَا بَأْسَ بِالْقِتَالِ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَغَيْرِهِ  

[Machine] Some of the Muslims used to be with the polytheists and increase the harm against the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ . They would throw arrows and hit one of them, killing him or causing him injury. So Allah, exalted be He, revealed this verse about them: "Indeed, those whom the angels take [in death] while wronging themselves, [the angels] will say, 'In what [condition] were you?' They will say, 'We were oppressed in the land.' The angels will say, 'Was not the earth of Allah spacious [enough] for you to emigrate therein?' For those, their refuge is Hell - and evil it is as a destination." [Quran 4:97]  

نَاسًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَانُوا مَعَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يُكَثِّرُونَ سَوَادَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَيَأْتِي السَّهْمُ يُرْمَى بِهِ فَيُصِيبُ أَحَدَهُمْ فَيَقْتُلُهُ أَوْ يُضْرَبُ فَيُقْتَلُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى ذِكْرَهُ فِيهِمْ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ قَالُوا فِيمَ كُنْتُمْ قَالُوا كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ قَالُوا أَلَمْ تَكُنْ أَرْضُ اللهِ وَاسِعَةً فَتُهَاجِرُوا فِيهَا فَأُولَئِكَ مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَسَاءَتْ مَصِيرًا} [النساء 97]  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever resides with the polytheists, his protection is terminated from him."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَقَامَ مَعَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ الذِّمَّةُ  

"I came to the Prophet when he was accepting (the people's) pledge, and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, extend you hand so that I may give you my pledge, and state your terms, for you know best.' He said: 'I accept you pledge that you will worship Allah, establish Salah, pay the Zakah, be sincere toward the Muslims, and forsake the idolaters." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 4177)   

أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَهُوَ يُبَايِعُ النَّاسَ فَقُلْتُ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ ابْسُطْ يَدَكَ حَتَّى أُبَايِعَكَ وَاشْتَرِطْ عَلَيَّ فَأَنْتُ أَعْلَمُ بِالشَّرْطِ مِنِّي قَالَ أُبَايِعُكَ عَلَى أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ وَتُنَاصِحَ الْمُؤْمِنَ وَتُفَارِقَ الْمُشْرِكَ