I wrote to Nafi' inquiring from him whether it was necessary to extend (to the disbelievers) an invitation to accept (Islam) before meeting them in fight. He wrote (in reply) to me that it was necessary in the early days of Islam. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ made a raid upon Banu Mustaliq while they were unaware and their cattle were having a drink at the water. He killed those who fought and imprisoned others. On that very day, he captured Juwairiya bint al-Harith. Nafi' said that this tradition was related to him by Abdullah b. Umar who (himself) was among the raiding troops. (Using translation from Muslim 1730a)   

فَكَتَبَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ قَدْ أَغَارَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَهُمْ غَارُّونَ وَأَنْعَامُهُمْ تُسْقَى عَلَى الْمَاءِ فَقَتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتَهُمْ وَسَبَى سَبْيَهُمْ وَأَصَابَ يَوْمَئِذٍ قَالَ يَحْيَى أَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ جُوَيْرِيَةُ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ وَحَدَّثَنِي بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْجَيْشِ  

[Machine] He said, "Abu Sirma and I entered upon Abu Sa'id and Abu Sirma asked him, 'O Abu Sa'id, did you hear the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mention al-Azal (coitus interruptus)?' He said, 'Yes, we went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the campaign of Mu'tah, and we captured some Arab women, and we desired the women and abstained from them. So we wanted to place the coitus interruptus, so we asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about that, and he said: "You are not to do that, for Allah has decreed that the son is to be created from both fluids until the Day of Resurrection."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ دَخَلْتُ أَنَا وَأَبُو صِرْمَةَ عَلَى أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ؓ فَسَأَلَهُ أَبُو صِرْمَةُ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ هَلْ سَمِعْتَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَذْكُرُ الْعَزْلَ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ غَزْوَةَ الْمُصْطَلِقِ فَسَبَيْنَا كَرَائِمَ الْعَرَبِ وَطَالَتْ عَلَيْنَا الْعُزْبَةُ وَرَغِبْنَا فِي الْفِدَاءِ فَأَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَسْتَمْتِعَ وَنَعْزِلَ فَقُلْنَا نَفْعَلُ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِنَا فَلَا نَسْأَلُهُ فَسَأَلْنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ لَا تَفْعَلُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللهُ خَلْقَ نَسَمَةٍ هِيَ كَائِنَةٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ إِلَّا سَتَكُونُ  

[Machine] About Ibn Shihab's mention of the battles of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , he said, "Then he fought against the Banu Mustaliq and the Banu Lihyan in the month of Sha'ban in the fifth year. This is more authentic than what was narrated from Ibn Ishaq, that it happened in the sixth year."  

عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ فِي ذِكْرِ مَغَازِي رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَاتَلَ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَبَنِي لِحْيَانَ فِي شَعْبَانَ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَهَذَا أَصَحُّ مِمَّا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Al-Walid ibn Uqbah ibn Abi Mu'ayt to the Banu Mustaliq tribe to collect their charity. When they received the news, they were happy and went out to meet the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . However, when Al-Walid informed them that they had refused to give charity, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ became extremely angry. He was considering to attack them, but suddenly a delegation arrived and informed him that they had heard that the Messenger had returned halfway. They feared that the book he had sent was a sign of his anger towards them, so they sought refuge in Allah from His anger and the anger of His Messenger. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ became reconciled to them and Allah revealed their excuse in the Quran, saying, "O you who have believed, if there comes to you a disobedient one with information, investigate, lest you harm a people out of ignorance and become, over what you have done, regretful" [Quran 49:6].  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ إِلَى بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ لِيَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمُ الصَّدَقَاتِ وَأَنَّهُ لَمَّا أَتَاهُمُ الْخَبَرُ فَرِحُوا وَخَرَجُوا لِيَتَلَقَّوْا رَسُولَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَنَّهُ لَمَّا حُدِّثَ الْوَلِيدُ أَنَّهُمْ خَرَجُوا يَتَلَقَّوْنَهُ رَجَعَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ قَدْ مَنَعُوا الصَّدَقَةَ فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ ذَلِكَ غَضَبًا شَدِيدًا فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ يُحَدِّثُ نَفْسَهُ أَنْ يَغْزُوَهُمْ إِذْ أَتَاهُ الْوَفْدُ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّا حُدِّثْنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَكَ رَجَعَ مِنْ نِصْفِ الطَّرِيقِ وَإِنَّا خَشِينَا أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنَّمَا رَدَّهُ كِتَابٌ جَاءَهُ مِنْكَ لِغَضَبٍ غَضِبْتَهُ عَلَيْنَا وَإِنَّا نَعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنْ غَضَبِ اللهِ وَغَضَبِ رَسُولِهِ وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ اسْتَعْتَبَهُمْ وَهَمَّ بِهِمْ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ عُذْرَهُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فَقَالَ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ جَاءَكُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَأٍ فَتَبَيَّنُوا أَنْ تُصِيبُوا قَوْمًا بِجَهَالَةٍ فَتُصْبِحُوا عَلَى مَا فَعَلْتُمْ نَادِمِينَ} [الحجرات 6]  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Walid ibn 'Uqbah ibn Abi Mu'ayt to the Banu Mustaliq tribe to confirm their intentions. They received him with gifts and he returned to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said to him, "The Banu Mustaliq have gathered together to fight against you." So Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, revealed the verse {O you who have believed, if there comes to you a disobedient one with information, investigate,} [Al-Hujurat: 6]. The sheikh said, based on what can be inferred, that this happened after the Battle of Banu Mustaliq for a considerable amount of time. It is likely that it was a year or ten years, as memorized by Imam Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him. Walid ibn 'Uqbah was young at the time of the conquest, around eight years old, and that was in the eighth year. He would not be sent as an envoy until after he became a man.  

أَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ إِلَى بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ لِيُصَدِّقَهُمْ فَتَلَقَّوْهُ بِالْهَدِيَّةِ فَرَجَعَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنَّ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ قَدْ أَجْمَعُوا لَكَ لِيُقَاتِلُوكَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {إِنْ جَاءَكُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَأٍ فَتَبَيَّنُوا} [الحجرات 6] الْآيَةَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَالَّذِي يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهِ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ بَعْدَ غَزْوَةِ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ بِمُدَّةٍ كَثِيرَةٍ وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ كَمَا حَفِظَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ أَنَّ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ كَانَ زَمَنَ الْفَتْحِ صَبِيًّا وَذَلِكَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَلَا يَبْعَثُهُ مُصَدِّقًا إِلَّا بَعْدَ أَنْ يَصِيرَ رَجُلًا  

[Machine] When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ opened Mecca, the people of Mecca brought their children to him and he would wipe their heads and pray for them. So, I was brought to him and I was created with the best of character. When he saw me, he did not touch me, and nothing prevented him from doing so except the character with which my mother had raised me. Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz narrated this to us, Ali ibn Hamsath narrated it to us, Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal narrated it to me, my father narrated it to us, Fayyaz ibn Muhammad Al-Raqqi narrated it to us, from Ja'far ibn Burqan, from Thabit ibn Al-Hajjaj Al-Kilabi, from Abdullah Al-Hamdani, from Al-Walid ibn Uqbah who said, "When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ opened Mecca, he mentioned this incident in its meaning." Ahmad ibn Hanbal said, "It has been narrated that he was armed on that day, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ abstained from touching him and did not pray for him. The blessing of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was prohibited for him due to the previous knowledge of Allah in him."  

لَمَّا افْتَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ جَعَلَ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ يَأْتُونَهُ بِصِبْيَانِهِمْ فَيَمْسَحُ رُءُوسَهُمْ وَيَدْعُو لَهُمْ فَجِيءَ بِي إِلَيْهِ وَقَدْ خُلِّقْتُ بِالْخَلُوقِ فَلَمَّا رَآنِي لَمْ يَمْسَسْنِي وَلَمْ يَمْنَعْهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا الْخَلُوقُ الَّذِي خَلَّقَتْنِي أُمِّي 17978 وَحَدَّثَنَا بِذَلِكَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَمْشَاذٍ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ثنا فَيَّاضُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الرَّقِّيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بُرْقَانَ عَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ الْكِلَابِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ قَالَ لَمَّا فَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ سَلَحَ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَتَقَذَّرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَمْ يَمَسَّهُ وَلَمْ يَدْعُ لَهُ وَمُنِعَ بَرَكَةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لِسَابِقِ عِلْمِ اللهِ فِيهِ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ offered the Fajr prayer when it was still dark, then he rode and said, 'Allah Akbar! Khaibar is ruined. When we approach near to a nation, the most unfortunate is the morning of those who have been warned." The people came out into the streets saying, "Muhammad and his army." Messenger of Allah ﷺ vanquished them by force and their warriors were killed; the children and women were taken as captives. Safiya was taken by Dihya Al-Kalbi and later she belonged to Allah's Apostle go who married her and her Mahr was her manumission. (Using translation from Bukhārī 947)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ بِغَلَسٍ ثُمَّ رَكِبَ فَقَالَ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ خَرِبَتْ خَيْبَرُ إِنَّا إِذَا نَزَلْنَا بِسَاحَةِ قَوْمٍ فَسَاءَ صَبَاحُ الْمُنْذَرِينَ فَخَرَجُوا يَسْعَوْنَ فِي السِّكَكِ وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَالْخَمِيسُ قَالَ مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ حَمَّادٌ وَالْخَمِيسُ الْجَيْشُ فَظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَتَلَ الْمُقَاتِلَةَ وَسَبَى الذَّرَارِيَّ فَصَارَتْ صَفِيَّةُ لِدِحْيَةَ الْكَلْبِيِّ ثُمَّ صَارَتْ صَفِيَّةُ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا وَجَعَلَ صَدَاقَهَا عِتْقَهَا قَالَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ لِثَابِتٍ يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ أَنْتَ سَأَلْتَ أَنَسًا مَا أَمْهَرَهَا؟ فَقَالَ أَمْهَرَهَا نَفْسَهَا فَتَبَسَّمَ  

Safiyya (Allah be pleased with her) fell to the lot of Dihya in the spoils of war, and they praised her in the presence of Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: We have not seen the like of her among the captives of war. He sent (a messenger) to Dihya and he gave him whatever he demanded. He then sent her to my mother and asked her to embellish her. Messenger of Allah ﷺ then got out of Khaibar until when he was on the other side of it, he halted, and a tent was pitched for him. When it was morning Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: He who has surplus of provision with him should bring that to us. Some persons would bring the surplus of dates, and the other surplus of mush of barley until there became a heap of bals. They began to eat the hais and began to drink out of the pond which had the water of rainfall in it and which was situated by their side. Anas said that that constituted the wedding feast of Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He (further) said: We proceeded until we saw the walls of Medina, and we were delighted. We made our mounts run quickly and Messenger of Allah ﷺ also made his mount run quickly. And Safiyya (Allah be pleased with her) was at his back, and Messenger of Allah ﷺ had seated her behind him. The camel of Messenger of Allah ﷺ stumbled and he (the Holy Prophet) fell down and she also fell down. And none among the people was seeing him and her, until Allah's Messeuger ﷺ stood up and he covered her, and we came to him and he said: We have received no injury. We entered Medina and there came out the young ladies of the household. They saw her (hadrat Safiyya) and blamed her for falling down. (Using translation from Muslim 1365f)   

صَارَتْ صَفِيَّةُ لِدِحْيَةَ فِي مَقْسَمِهِ وَجَعَلُوا يَمْدَحُونَهَا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَيَقُولُونَ مَا رَأَيْنَا فِي السَّبْيِ مِثْلَهَا قَالَ فَبَعَثَ إِلَى دِحْيَةَ فَأَعْطَاهُ بِهَا مَا أَرَادَ ثُمَّ دَفَعَهَا إِلَى أُمِّي فَقَالَ أَصْلِحِيهَا قَالَ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ حَتَّى جَعَلَهَا فِي ظَهْرِهِ نَزَلَ ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ عَلَيْهَا الْقُبَّةَ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ قَالَ مَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ فَضْلُ زَادٍ فَلْيَأْتِنَا بِهِ قَالَ فَجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَجِيءُ بِفَضْلِ التَّمْرِ وَفَضَلِ السَّوِيقِ وَفَضَلِ السَّمْنِ حَتَّى جَعَلُوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ سَوَادًا حَيْسًا فَجَعَلُوا يَأْكُلُونَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْحَيْسِ وَيَشْرَبُونَ مِنْ حِيَاضٍ إِلَى جَنْبِهِمْ مِنْ مَاءِ السَّمَاءِ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَنَسٌ وَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ وَلِيمَةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ فَانْطَلَقْنَا حَتَّى إِذَا رَأَيْنَا جُدُرَ الْمَدِينَةِ مَشَيْنَا إِلَيْهَا فَرَفَعْنَا مَطِيَّتَنَا وَرَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَطِيَّتَهُ قَالَ وَصَفِيَّةُ خَلْفَهُ قَدْ أَرْدَفَهَا فَعَثَرَتْ مَطِيَّةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَصُرِعَ وَصُرِعَتْ قَالَ فَلَيْسَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ وَلَا إِلَيْهَا حَتَّى قَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَسْتُرُهَا قَالَ فَأَتَيْنَاهُ فَقَالَ لَمْ نُضَرَّ قَالَ فَدَخَلْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ فَخَرَجَ جَوَارِي نِسَائِهِ يَتَرَاءَيْنَهَا وَيَشْمَتْنَ بِصَرْعَتِهَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ بَهْزِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ  

Umar said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ had transaction with the Jews of Khaybar on condition that we should expel them when we wish. If anyone has property (with them), he should take it back, for I am going to expel the Jews. So he expelled them. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3007)   

أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ عَامَلَ يَهُودَ خَيْبَرَ عَلَى أَنَّا نُخْرِجُهُمْ إِذَا شِئْنَا فَمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَلْيَلْحَقْ بِهِ وَإِنِّي مُخْرِجٌ يَهُودَ فَأَخْرَجَهُمْ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ performed Umrah four times, all of which were in the month of Dhu al-Qa'dah except for the Umrah he performed during his Hajj in Hudaybiyah. He also performed an Umrah in the following year and another Umrah in Ji'ranah, where he distributed the spoils of Hunayn in Dhu al-Qa'dah. This is a narration from Ibrahim. Al-Hasan said that it was an Umrah from Hudaybiyah, and Abu Ya'la said that his Umrah was from Hudaybiyah.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ اعْتَمَرَ أَرْبَعَ عُمَرٍ كُلُّهُنَّ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ إِلَّا الَّتِي فِي حَجَّتِهِ عُمْرَةً فِي الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ أَوْ زَمَنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ وَعُمْرَةً مِنَ الْعَامِ الْمُقْبِلِ وَعُمْرَةً مِنَ الْجِعْرَانَةِ حَيْثُ قَسَمَ غَنَائِمَ حُنَيْنٍ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ وَعُمْرَةً مَعَ حَجَّتِهِ هَذَا حَدِيثُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ عُمْرَةً مِنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى عُمْرَتَهُ مِنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ  

[Machine] And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ proceeded until he exited from a narrow pass called As-Safra. He then proceeded to a sandy plain known as Siyr, at a distance of a night's journey from Badr or more. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ distributed the camels for sacrifice among the Muslims on that plain.  

وَمَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ مِنْ مَضِيقٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ الصَّفْرَاءُ خَرَجَ مِنْهُ إِلَى كَثِيبٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ سَيْرٌ عَلَى مَسِيرَةِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ بَدْرٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ النَّفَلَ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْكَثِيبِ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ went out on the day of Badr with three hundred and fifteen fighters, just as Talut went out. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed for them when he went out and said, "O Allah, they are barefoot, so protect them. O Allah, they are unclothed, so clothe them. O Allah, they are hungry, so feed them." So Allah opened up Badr for them, and they returned, and there was not a single man among them except that he had returned with a camel or two camels. They clothed themselves and were satisfied. Ash-Shafi'iﷲ said, "The spoils of Badr were as reported by Ubada bin As-Samit, the Muslims took them before the verse about the spoils in Surat Al-Anfal was revealed. But when they disputed over it, Allah snatched it from their hands with His statement: "They ask you about the spoils. Say, 'The spoils are for Allah and the Messenger.'" [Al-Anfal 1]  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ بِثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ وَخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ مِنَ الْمُقَاتِلَةِ كَمَا خَرَجَ طَالُوتُ فَدَعَا لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ خَرَجَ فَقَالَ اللهُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ حُفَاةٌ فَاحْمِلْهُمْ اللهُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ عُرَاةٌ فَاكْسُهُمْ اللهُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ جِيَاعٌ فَأَشْبِعْهُمْ فَفَتَحَ اللهُ لَهُمْ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فَانْقَلَبُوا وَمَا مِنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ إِلَّا وَقَدْ رَجَعَ بِجَمَلٍ أَوْ جَمَلَيْنِ وَاكْتَسَوْا وَشَبِعُوا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَكَانَتْ غَنَائِمُ بَدْرٍ كَمَا رَوَى عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ غَنِمَهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ الْآيَةُ فِي سُورَةِ الْأَنْفَالِ فَلَمَّا تَشَاحُّوا عَلَيْهَا انْتَزَعَهَا اللهُ مِنْ أَيْدِيهِمْ بِقَوْلِهِ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال 1] الْآيَةَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to Badr and encountered the enemy there. When Allah granted him victory, a group of Muslims followed the retreating enemy and killed them. Another group focused on the spoils of war and the captives, while another group claimed that they were more entitled to the spoils than others. Those who defended the Prophet ﷺ said, "No, he belongs to us. We were more concerned about protecting the Prophet ﷺ from the enemy." Those who focused on the spoils and captives also claimed that they were more entitled to them. They said, "No, he belongs to us. We were the ones who took control and safeguarded him." Then Allah revealed the verse, "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say, 'The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger.'" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then divided the spoils among the companions fairly.  

خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى بَدْرٍ فَلَقِيَ بِهَا الْعَدُوَّ فَلَمَّا هَزَمَهُمُ اللهُ اتَّبَعَهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَقْتُلُونَهُمْ وَأَحْدَقَتْ طَائِفَةٌ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَاسْتَوْلَتْ طَائِفَةٌ عَلَى النَّهْبِ وَالْعَسْكَرِ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ الَّذِينَ طَلَبُوا الْعَدُوَّ قَالُوا لَنَا النَّفَلُ؛ نَحْنُ طَلَبْنَا الْعَدُوَّ وَبِنَا نَفَاهُمُ اللهُ وَهَزَمَهُمْ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ أَحْدَقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا بَلْ هُوَ لَنَا؛ نَحْنُ أَحْدَقْنَا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَنَالَهُ مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ غِرَّةٌ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَوْلَوْا عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ وَالنَّهْبِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا بَلْ هُوَ لَنَا؛ نَحْنُ اسْتَوْلَيْنَا عَلَيْهِ وَأَحْرَزْنَاهُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال 1] الْآيَةَ فَقَسَمَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمْ عَنْ فُوَاقٍ  

[Machine] At the end, when we disputed and our behavior worsened, Allah took it away from us and gave it to His Messenger, who distributed it among the people equally. In that was the fear of Allah, obedience to Him and His Messenger, and the mending of relationships. Allah says, "{They ask you about the spoils of war. Say, 'The spoils of war are for Allah and the Messenger, so fear Allah and amend what is between you.'}" [Surah Al-Anfal, verse 1]. And Ibn Ishaq narrated that Al-Zuhri said, "Surah Al-Anfal was revealed in its entirety to the people of Badr." Al-Shafi'i said, "It was entirely for the Messenger of Allah, and he distributed it among them, bringing with him eight individuals who did not witness the Battle of Mu'tah from the migrants and the supporters." And he said in another place, "Seven or eight (individuals)."  

فِي آخِرِهِ فَلَمَّا اخْتَلَفْنَا وَسَاءَتْ أَخْلَاقُنَا انْتَزَعَهُ اللهُ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَيْدِينَا فَجَعَلَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِهِ فَقَسَمَهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ عَنْ سَوَاءٍ فَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ تَقْوَى اللهِ وَطَاعَتُهُ وَطَاعَةُ رَسُولِهِ وَصَلَاحُ ذَاتِ الْبَيْنِ يَقُولُ اللهُ ﷻ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال 1] وَعَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ يَقُولُ أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةُ الْأَنْفَالِ بِأَسْرِهَا فِي أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كُلُّهَا خَالِصًا وَقَسَمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَدْخَلَ مَعَهُمْ ثَمَانِيَةَ نَفَرٍ لَمْ يَشْهَدُوا الْوَقْعَةَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ سَبْعَةً أَوْ ثَمَانِيَةً  

[Machine] Narrated by Urwah ibn Zubayr about the naming of someone who witnessed the Battle of Badr but did not actually participate in it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ aimed an arrow at him, then Uthman ibn Affan, son of Abu al-'As ibn Umayyah ibn 'Abd Shams, struck him with an arrow. Uthman stayed behind in Madinah while his wife Ruqayyah, daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , was ill. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ struck him with an arrow. He asked, "What is my reward, O Messenger of Allah?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ replied, "Your reward is with Allah." Talhah ibn 'Ubaidullah ibn Uthman ibn 'Amr ibn Ka'b ibn Sa'd ibn Taym also came from Sham after the Prophet ﷺ returned to Madinah. The Prophet ﷺ struck him with his arrow. He asked, "What is my reward, O Messenger of Allah?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Your reward is with Allah." Said ibn Zaid ibn 'Amr ibn Nufayl also came from Sham after the Prophet ﷺ returned to Madinah. The Prophet ﷺ struck him with his arrow. He asked, "What is my reward, O Messenger of Allah?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Your reward is with Allah." These three were from the Muhajirun (migrants). As for the Ansar (helpers), Abu Lubabah ibn 'Abd al-Mundhir went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to Badr, but the Prophet ﷺ ordered him to return to Madinah, so he struck him with his arrow. Harith ibn Hattib also went out with the Prophet ﷺ to Badr, but his arm was fractured in the Rawhaa' area, so the Prophet ﷺ struck him with his arrow. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ also mentioned Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasir and Musa ibn 'Uqbah in the same context, except that he did not mention Harith ibn Hattib in relation to his return to Madinah. Allah knows best. Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Allah only gave them from His wealth, and the verse "And know that whatever you obtain of war booty - then indeed, for Allah is one fifth of it and for the Messenger" [Quran 8:41] was revealed after the Battle of Badr.  

عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فِي تَسْمِيَةِ مَنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَلَمْ يَشْهَدْهَا ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِسَهْمِهِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَشْهَدْهَا وَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ تَخَلَّفَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ رُقَيَّةَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَكَانَتْ وَجِعَةً فَضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِسَهْمِهِ قَالَ وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ وَأَجْرُكَ وَطَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ تَيْمِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ قَالَ كَانَ بِالشَّامِ فَقَدِمَ فَكَلَّمَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ فَقَالَ وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ فَقَالَ وَأَجْرُكَ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ قَدِمَ مِنَ الشَّامِ بَعْدَ مَا رَجَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِسَهْمِهِ فَقَالَ وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ وَأَجْرُكَ فَهَؤُلَاءِ الثَّلَاثَةُ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَأَمَّا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَأَبُو لُبَابَةَ خَرَجَ زَعَمُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى بَدْرٍ فَأَمَّرَهُ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ مَعَ أَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ حَاطِبٍ رَجَّعَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ زَعَمُوا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ وَخَرَجَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ فَرَدَّهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمٍ مَعَ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ وَخَوَّاتُ بْنُ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ ضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِسَهْمِهِ فِي أَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ الصِّمَّةِ كُسِرَ بِالرَّوْحَاءِ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِسَهْمٍ وَذَكَرَهُمْ أَيْضًا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ وَذَكَرَهُمْ أَيْضًا مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ حَاطِبٍ فِي الرَّدِّ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَإِنَّمَا أَعْطَاهُمْ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال 41] بَعْدَ غَنِيمَةِ بَدْرٍ  

[Machine] "The sacred month involves fighting in it, say fighting in it is great" [Surah Al-Baqarah 217]. And it is not among what al-Awza'i disagreed upon, through what he mentioned: The Sheikh mentioned the story of Ibn Jahsh from the narration of Jundub bin Abdullah.  

الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ} [البقرة 217] وَلَيْسَ مِمَّا خَالَفَ فِيهِ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ بِسَبِيلٍ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ فذَكَرْنَا قِصَّةَ ابْنِ جَحْشٍ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ جُنْدُبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Abdullah ibn Jahsh to a palm tree and told him to stay there until he brought news of Quraish. He did not command him to fight, and this was during the sacred month. He wrote him a letter before informing him of his destination, saying "Go out with your companions until you have traveled for two days, then open your letter and see what I have commanded you in it, and act accordingly. Do not force anyone from your companions to go with you." When he had traveled for two days, he opened the letter and found that he was to continue until he reached Nakhla and brought us news of Quraish. He said to his companions when he read the letter aloud, "Whoever among you desires martyrdom, come with me, for I am going to fulfill the command of the Messenger of Allah. And whoever dislikes that among you, let him return, for the Messenger of Allah has forbidden me from forcing anyone to go with me." So the people went with him until they reached Buhran, and Saad bin Abi Waqqas and Utbah bin Ghazwan lagged behind, searching for their lost camel. The rest of the group continued until they reached Nakhla. Along the way, they encountered Amr bin Al-Hadrami and Al-Hakam bin Kayssan and Uthman and Al-Mughirah bin Abdullah, who were with them for a trade journey. They had come with a shipment of dates and raisins from Ta'if. When the group saw them, Uqba bin Abu Mu'ayt, who had shaved his head, said, "There is no harm on you from them." The people of Quraish caught up with them on the last day of Rajab and said, "If you kill them, you will be killing them in the sacred month. And if you leave them, they will enter Makkah tonight and you will miss them." So the group unanimously decided to kill them. Waqid bin Abdullah At-Tamimi threw a spear at Amr bin al-Hadrami and killed him, and Uthman bin Abdullah and Al-Hakam bin Kayssan were captured. Al-Mughirah managed to escape and led the enemy to the Muslims. They seized the caravan, and brought it to the Messenger of Allah, who said to them, "By Allah, I did not order you to fight in the sacred month." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ detained the captives and the caravan, and did not take anything from it. When the Messenger of Allah said to them what he said, they thought that he had killed them, and their Muslim brethren severely reprimanded them. When the news reached Quraish, they said, "Muhammad has spilled blood in the sacred month, and has taken wealth and captured men and has desecrated the sacred month." So Allah revealed in this regard, "They ask you about the sacred month - about fighting therein. Say, 'Fighting therein is great [sin], but averting [people] from the way of Allah and disbelief in Him and [preventing access to] al-Masjid al-Haram and the expulsion of its people therefrom are greater [evil] in the sight of Allah. And fitnah [persecution] is greater than killing" [Quran 2:217]. When this Ayah was revealed, the Messenger of Allah released the captives and the caravan as ransom. The Muslims said, "Do we have hope that it would be a battle?" So Allah revealed about them, "Indeed, those who have believed and those who have emigrated" [Quran 2:218] until the end of the Ayah. They were eight, their leader being the ninth, Abdullah bin Jahsh.  

بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ جَحْشٍ إِلَى نَخْلَةَ فَقَالَ لَهُ كُنْ بِهَا حَتَّى تَأْتِيَنَا بِخَبَرٍ مِنْ أَخْبَارِ قُرَيْشٍ وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ بِقِتَالٍ وَذَلِكَ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَكَتَبَ لَهُ كِتَابًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُعْلِمَهُ أَيْنَ يَسِيرُ فَقَالَ اخْرُجْ أَنْتَ وَأَصْحَابُكَ حَتَّى إِذَا سِرْتَ يَوْمَيْنِ فَافْتَحْ كِتَابَكَ وَانْظُرْ فِيهِ فَمَا أَمَرْتُكَ فِيهِ فَامْضِ لَهُ وَلَا تَسْتَكْرِهَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ عَلَى الذَّهَابِ مَعَكَ فَلَمَّا سَارَ يَوْمَيْنِ فَتْحَ الْكِتَابَ فَإِذَا فِيهِ أَنِ امْضِ حَتَّى تَنْزِلَ نَخْلَةَ فَتَأْتِيَنَا مِنْ أَخْبَارِ قُرَيْشٍ بِمَا يَصِلُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ حِينَ قَرَأَ الْكِتَابَ سَمْعًا وَطَاعَةً مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ لَهُ رَغْبَةٌ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ فَلْيَنْطَلِقْ مَعِي فَإِنِّي مَاضٍ لِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَمَنْ كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ مِنْكُمْ فَلْيَرْجِعْ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ نَهَانِي أَنْ أَسْتَكْرِهَ مِنْكُمْ أَحَدًا فَمَضَى مَعَهُ الْقَوْمُ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِبُحْرَانَ أَضَلَّ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَعُتْبَةُ بْنُ غَزْوَانَ بَعِيرًا لَهُمَا كَانَا يَعْتَقِبَانِهِ فَتَخَلَّفَا عَلَيْهِ يَطْلُبَانِهِ وَمَضَى الْقَوْمُ حَتَّى نَزَلُوا نَخْلَةَ فَمَرَّ بِهِمْ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ وَالْحَكَمُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ وَعُثْمَانُ وَالْمُغِيرَةُ ابْنَا عَبْدِ اللهِ مَعَهُمْ تِجَارَةٌ قَدِمُوا بِهَا مِنَ الطَّائِفِ أُدُمٌ وَزَبِيبٌ فَلَمَّا رَآهُمُ الْقَوْمُ أَشْرَفَ لَهُمْ وَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَكَانَ قَدْ حَلَقَ رَأْسَهُ فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ حَلِيقًا قَالُوا عُمَّارٌ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْهُمْ بَأْسٌ وَائْتَمَرَ الْقَوْمُ بِهِمْ يَعْنِي أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ رَجَبٍ فَقَالُوا لَئِنْ قَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَقْتُلُونَهُمْ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَلَئِنْ تَرَكْتُمُوهُمْ لَيَدْخُلُنَّ فِي هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ الْحَرَمَ فَلَيَمْتَنِعُنَّ مِنْكُمْ فَأَجْمَعَ الْقَوْمُ عَلَى قَتْلِهِمْ فَرَمَى وَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ التَّمِيمِيُّ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ بِسَهْمٍ فَقَتَلَهُ وَاسْتَأْسَرَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَالْحَكَمَ بْنَ كَيْسَانَ وَهَرَبَ الْمُغِيرَةُ وَأَعْجَزَهُمْ وَاسْتَاقُوا الْعِيرَ فَقَدِمُوا بِهَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ وَاللهِ مَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِالْقِتَالِ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ فَأَوْقَفَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْأَسِيرَيْنِ وَالْعِيرَ فَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا فَلَمَّا قَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا قَالَ أُسْقِطَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ وَظَنُّوا أَنْ قَدْ هَلَكُوا وَعَنَّفَهُمْ إِخْوَانُهُمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَقَالَتْ قُرَيْشٌ حِينَ بَلَغَهُمْ أَمْرُ هَؤُلَاءِ قَدْ سَفَكَ مُحَمَّدٌ الدَّمَ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَأَخَذَ فِيهِ الْمَالَ وَأَسَرَ فِيهِ الرِّجَالَ وَاسْتَحَلَّ الشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِي ذَلِكَ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ وَصَدٌّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللهِ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ} [البقرة 217] يَقُولُ الْكُفْرُ بِاللهِ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَت ذَلِكَ أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْعِيرَ وَفَدَى الْأَسِيرَيْنِ فَقَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ أَتَطْمَعُ لَنَا أَنْ تَكُونَ غَزْوَةً فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِيهِمْ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا} [البقرة 218] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {أُولَئِكَ يَرْجُونَ رَحْمَةَ اللهِ} إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ وَكَانُوا ثَمَانِيَةً وَأَمِيرُهُمُ التَّاسِعَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ

17990 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَتَّابٍ ثنا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ بِمَعْنَى هَذَا قَالَ وَذَلِكَ فِي رَجَبٍ قَبْلَ بَدْرٍ بِشَهْرَيْنِ وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ فِي الْغَنَائِمِ