10. Zakāh (Prescribed Charity)
١٠۔ كِتَابُ الزَّكَاةِ
[Machine] The Bedouin says "Allah says: {And those who accumulate gold and silver} [Al-Tawbah 34]." Ibn Umar said, "Whoever hoards them and does not pay their zakat (charitable alms), may he be doomed. This was only before the zakat was revealed. When it was revealed, Allah made it a purification for wealth." Then he turned to me and said, "I do not care if I had as much gold as Mount Uhud, I would know its amount, purify it, and spend in obedience to Allah."
الْأَعْرَابِيُّ يَقُولُ اللهُ ﷻ {وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ} [التوبة 34] فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ مَنْ كَنَزَهُمَا وَلَمْ يُؤَدِّ زَكَاتَهُمَا فَوَيْلٌ لَهُ إِنَّمَا كَانَ هَذَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ الزَّكَاةُ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ جَعَلَهَا اللهُ طُهْرَةً لِلْأَمْوَالِ ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ مَا أُبَالِي لَوْ كَانَ لِي مِثْلُ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا أَعْلَمُ عَدَدَهُ وَأُزَكِّيهِ وَأَعْمَلُ فِيهِ بِطَاعَةِ اللهِ ﷻ
[Machine] Every money that you pay its zakat, even if it is under seven earths, it is not considered a treasure. And every money that you don't pay its zakat, it is a treasure, even if it is visible on the face of the earth. This is the correct perspective and also
كُلُّ مَالٍ أَدَّيْتَ زَكَاتَهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ تَحْتَ سَبْعِ أَرَضِينَ فَلَيْسَ بِكَنْزٍ وَكُلُّ مَالٍ لَا تُؤَدِّي زَكَاتَهُ فَهُوَ كَنْزٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ ظَاهِرًا عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ هَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ مَوْقُوفٌ وَكَذَلِكَ
[Machine] "He is the wealth from which Zakat is not required. This is the correct (ruling), suspended."
هُوَ الْمَالُ الَّذِي لَا تُؤَدَّى مِنْهُ الزَّكَاةُ هَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ مَوْقُوفٌ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever pays his Zakat, it is not a treasure even if it is buried under the ground, and whoever does not pay his Zakat, it is a treasure even if it is apparent. This is not a preserved saying, but rather it is known from Sufyan from 'Ubayd Allah from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar as a stopped narration."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ كُلُّ مَا أَدَّى زَكَاتَهُ فَلَيْسَ بِكَنْزٍ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَدْفُونًا تَحْتَ الْأَرْضِ وَكُلُّ مَا لَا يُؤَدِّي زَكَاتَهُ فَهُوَ كَنْزٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ ظَاهِرًا لَيْسَ هَذَا بِمَحْفُوظٍ وَإِنَّمَا الْمَشْهُورُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مَوْقُوفًا
[Machine] About that Prophet ﷺ , she asked, "Is he a treasure?"
He replied, "If you pay its Zakat, then it is not a treasure."
عَنْ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ أَكَنْزٌ هُوَ؟ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَدَّيْتِ زَكَاتَهُ فَلَيْسَ بِكَنْزٍ
[Machine] When the verse (And those who hoard gold and silver) [Surah At-Tawbah 9:34] was revealed, it greatly affected the Muslims. They said, "No one among us can leave any wealth for his children after him." Upon hearing this, Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "I will free you from this obligation." They said, "May Umar be granted goodness." Umar then left, and Thawban followed him. They both visited the Prophet ﷺ , and Thawban said, "O Messenger of Allah, this verse has greatly affected your companions." The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Verily, Allah has only obligated Zakah to purify what remains of your wealth. And He has only obligated inheritance in the wealth that is left after you." Upon hearing this, Umar loudly exclaimed, and then said, "Shall I not tell you about the best thing a person can hoard? It is a righteous wife. When he looks at her, she pleases him. When he commands her, she obeys him. And when he is absent, she protects his honor." This narration was reported by Abu Abdullah al-Haafiz, who was informed by Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Uqbah al-Shaibani, who was informed by Ibrahim ibn Ishaq al-Zuhri, who was informed by Yahya ibn Ya'la ibn al-Harith al-Muharibi, who mentioned it with a similar chain of narration. Some narrators have shortened the narration, and they have omitted Uthman ibn Abu al-Yaqthan in the chain of narration.
لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ {وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ} [التوبة 34] كَبُرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَقَالُوا مَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَحَدٌ مِنَّا يَدَعُ لِوَلَدِهِ مَالًا يَبْقَى بَعْدَهُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ أَنَا أُفَرِّجُ عَنْكُمْ قَالُوا فَانْطَلَقَ عُمَرُ ؓ وَاتَّبَعَهُ ثَوْبَانُ فَأَتَيَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ إِنَّهَ قَدْ كَبُرَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِكَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ لَمْ يَفْرِضِ الزَّكَاةَ إِلَّا لِيُطَيِّبَ بِهَا مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِكُمْ وَإِنَّمَا فَرَضَ الْمَوَارِيثَ فِي أَمْوَالٍ تَبْقَى بَعْدَكُمْ قَالَ فَكَبَّرَ عُمَرُ ؓ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَلَا أُخْبِرُكَ بِخَيْرِ مَا يَكْنِزُ الْمَرْءُ؟ الْمَرْأَةُ الصَّالِحَةُ إِذَا نَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا سَرَّتْهُ وَإِذَا أَمَرَهَا أَطَاعَتْهُ وَإِذَا غَابَ عَنْهَا حَفِظَتْهُ 7236 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ بِالْكُوفَةِ أنبأ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الزُّهْرِيُّ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَعْلَى بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْمُحَارِبِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِ إِسْنَادِهِ وَقَصَّرَ بِهِ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ عَنْ يَحْيَى فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ عُثْمَانَ أَبَا الْيَقْظَانِ