10. Zakāh (Prescribed Charity)
١٠۔ كِتَابُ الزَّكَاةِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no owner of gold or silver who does not give their due right from it." He mentioned the hadith in the warning that came about preventing its right and the right of camels, cows, and sheep. He mentioned that from the right of camels is their milking on the day of their return. Then it was said, "O Messenger of Allah, what about horses?" He said, "Horses have three rights. They are a burden for one man, a reward for another, and a covering for another. As for the one who burdens it, he ties it ostentatiously, proudly, and arrogantly in front of the people of Islam, so it is a burden for him. As for the one for whom it is a covering, he ties it in the path of Allah, then he does not neglect the right of Allah in its appearance and its necks, so it is a covering for him. As for the one for whom it is a reward, he ties it in the path of Allah for the people of Islam in a meadow or a garden, so it does not eat anything from that meadow or garden except that a number of good deeds is written for him equal to what it ate, and a number of its footsteps and urinations are written as good deeds for him. Its length is not cut, so it seeks nobility or two noble things. Allah writes for him a number of its footsteps and urinations as good deeds, and its owner orders it to a river, so it drinks from it, and he does not intend to quench its thirst except that Allah writes for him a number of what it drank as good deeds. It was said, "O Messenger of Allah, what about donkeys?" He said, "Allah has not revealed anything to me about donkeys except this comprehensive and concise verse: 'So whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it.' " [Surah Az-Zalzalah 8]
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا مِنْ صَاحِبِ ذَهَبٍ وَلَا فِضَّةٍ لَا يُؤَدِّي مِنْهَا حَقَّهَا فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي الْوَعِيدِ الَّذِي جَاءَ فِي مَنْعِ حَقِّهَا وَحَقِّ الْإِبِلِ وَالْبَقَرِ وَالْغَنَمِ وَذَكَرَ فِي الْإِبِلِ وَمِنْ حَقِّهَا حَلْبُهَا يَوْمَ وِرْدِهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَالْخَيْلُ؟ قَالَ الْخَيْلُ لِثَلَاثَةٍ هِيَ لِرَجُلٍ وِزْرٌ وَهِيَ لِرَجُلٍ أَجْرٌ وَهِيَ لِرَجُلٍ سِتْرٌ فَأَمَّا الَّذِي هِيَ لَهُ وِزْرٌ فَرَجُلٌ رَبَطَهَا رِيَاءً وَفَخْرًا وَنِوَاءً عَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ فَهِيَ لَهُ وِزْرٌ وَأَمَّا الَّذِي هِيَ لَهُ سِتْرٌ فَرَجُلٌ رَبَطَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنْسَ حَقَّ اللهِ فِي ظُهُوَرِهَا وَلَا رِقَابِهَا فَهِيَ لَهُ سِتْرٌ وَأَمَّا الَّذِي هِيَ لَهُ أَجْرٌ فَرَجُلٌ رَبَطَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ لِأَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ فِي مَرْجٍ أَوْ رَوْضَةٍ فَمَا أَكَلَتْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَرْجِ وَالرَّوْضَةِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا كُتِبَ لَهُ عَدَدَ مَا أَكَلَتْ حَسَنَاتٌ وَكُتِبَ لَهُ عَدَدَ أَرْوَاثِهَا وَأَبْوَالِهَا حَسَنَاتٌ وَلَا تَقْطَعُ طُولَهَا فَاسْتَنَّتْ شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ إِلَّا كَتَبَ اللهُ لَهُ عَدَدَ آثَارِهَا وَأَبْوَالِهَا حَسَنَاتٍ وَلَأَمَرَّ بِهَا صَاحِبُهَا عَلَى نَهَرٍ فَشَرِبَتْ مِنْهُ وَلَا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَسْقِيَهَا إِلَّا كَتَبَ اللهُ لَهُ عَدَدَ مَا شَرِبَتْ حَسَنَاتٍ قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَالْحُمُرُ؟ قَالَ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَلَيَّ فِي الْحُمُرِ شَيْئًا إِلَّا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ الْفَاذَّةَ الْجَامِعَةَ {فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ } [الزلزلة 8]
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said regarding horses that are easily frightened, "In every horse, there is a dinar upon which your saddle rests." Abu Bakr ibn Al-Harith narrated that Ali ibn Umar Al-Hafiz said, "In every horse, there is a dinar upon which your saddle rests, and it is unique to your guardian, distancing it from Ja'far who is very weak, and those weaker than him."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي الْخَيْلِ السَّائِمَةِ فِي كُلِّ فَرَسٍ دِينَارٌ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ غُورَكُ هَذَا وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ غُورَكُ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ جِدًّا وَمَنْ دُونَهُ ضُعَفَاءُ
[Machine] Umar used to take forty sheep as tax, and he didn't take anything from horses. Take one dinar from each mare. He struck the horse with a dinar, dinar, and we have narrated before this incident, it does not indicate that Umar ordered it only when its owners liked it. And if this narration is correct, it can be inferred that the narrations do not agree and there is no difference. The hadith of the argument of Abu Hurayrah is the most authentic narration in that matter, and it removes the obligation of giving charity from it. And Allah knows best.
عُمَرُ فَنَأْخُذُ مِنْ كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً شَاةً وَلَا نَأْخُذُ مِنَ الْخَيْلِ شَيْئًا خُذْ مِنْ كُلِّ فَرَسٍ دِينَارًا قَالَ فَضَرَبَ عَلَى الْخَيْلِ دِينَارًا دِينَارًا وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي الْبَابِ قَبْلَهُ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ إِنَّمَا أَمَرَ بِذَلِكَ حِينَ أَحَبَّهُ أَرْبَابُهَا وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ إِنْ صَحَّتْ تَكُونُ مَحْمُولَةً عَلَى مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ لَا تَتَّفِقُ الرِّوَايَاتُ وَلَا تَخْتَلِفُ وَحَدِيثُ عِرَاكٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَصَحُّ مَا رُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ وَهُوَ يَقْطَعُ بِنَفْيِ الصَّدَقَةِ عَنْهَا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ