10. Zakāh (Prescribed Charity)
١٠۔ كِتَابُ الزَّكَاةِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "When the truthful one comes to you, do not let him leave except with your consent." Al-Shafi'i said, "By Allah, I know that they should fulfill his requests obediently and not refuse him with regards to giving him from their wealth what is not upon them. This is how he should command them and command the truthful one." And this is what Al-Shafi'i said, may Allah have mercy on him, and it is likely that it is not mentioned in the narration of Abdur Rahman ibn Hilal al-Abssi from the addition.
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَتَاكُمُ الْمُصَدِّقُ فَلَا يُفَارِقْكُمْ إِلَّا عَنْ رِضًا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ يَعْنِي وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ يُوَفُّوهُ طَائِعِينَ وَلَا يَلْوُوهُ لَا أَنْ يُعْطُوهُ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ مَا لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَبِهَذَا يَأْمُرُهُمْ وَيَأْمُرُ الْمُصَدِّقَ وَهَذَا الَّذِي قَالَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ مُحْتَمَلٌ لَوْلَا مَا فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ الْعَبْسِيِّ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ
Jabir bin ‘Abdallah told of some people, meaning nomadic Arabs, who came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said Collectors of zakat come to us and act unjustly. He said please those who collect the sadaqah from you. They asked Even if they wrong us, Messenger of Allah? He replied Please those who collect sadaqah from you. The version of ‘Uthman adds “Even if you are wronged”. Abu Kamil said in this version “Jarir said No collector of zakat returned from me since I heard this from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, but he was pleased with me.” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1589)
جَاءَ نَاسٌ يَعْنِي مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالُوا إِنَّ نَاسًا مِنَ الْمُصَدِّقِينَ يَأْتُونَا وَيَظْلِمُونَا قَالَ أَرْضُوا مُصَدِّقِيكُمْ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَإِنْ ظَلَمُونَا؟ قَالَ أَرْضُوا مُصَدِّقِيكُمْ زَادَ عُثْمَانُ وَإِنْ ظُلِمْتُمْ وَقَالَ أَبُو كَامِلٍ فِي حَدِيثِهِ قَالَ جَرِيرٌ مَا صَدَرَ عَنِّي مُصَدِّقٌ بَعْدَ مَا سَمِعْتُ هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَّا وَهُوَ عَنِّي رَاضٍ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "If a person comes to you seeking charity, then give him your charity. But if he transgresses against you, then turn away from him and do not curse him. Say, 'O Allah, I seek reward from You for what he has taken from me.' This is an indication that he saw the virtue of patience in dealing with their transgressions. Similarly, in a narration from Jabir ibn Atik, the Prophet ﷺ said, 'Keep away from them and what they seek. If they act justly, then it is for their own souls, and if they act unjustly, then it is upon them.' This has been mentioned previously in the chapter of voluntary acts of charity being given to governors. Many narrations have been reported from the Prophet ﷺ about the virtue of being patient towards the oppression of rulers, and this is understood to mean that he was commanded to be patient when he knew that there was no way to seek help and that those in authority cannot be overthrown by one's own hands. So if it is possible to repel their transgression or if one hopes for relief..."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَتَاكَ الْمُصَدِّقُ فَأَعْطِهِ صَدَقَتَكَ فَإِنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكَ فَوَلِّهِ ظَهْرَكَ وَلَا تَلْعَنْهُ وَقُلِ اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَحْتَسِبُ عِنْدَكَ مَا أَخَذَ مِنِّي وَفِي هَذَا كَالدِّلَالَةِ عَلَى أنَّهُ رَأَى الصَّبْرَ عَلَى تَعَدِّيهِمْ وَكَذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَتِيكٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ خَلُّوا بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ مَا يَبْتَغُونَ فَإِنْ عَدَلُوا فَلِأَنْفُسِهِمْ وَإِنْ ظَلَمُوا فَعَلَيْهَا وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي بَابِ الِاخْتِيَارِ فِي دَفْعِ الصَّدَقَةِ إِلَى الْوَالِي وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَخْبَارٌ كَثِيرَةٌ فِي الصَّبْرِ عَلَى ظُلْمِ الْوُلَاةِ وَذَلِكَ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى أنَّهُ أُمِرَ بِالصَّبْرِ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا عَلِمَ أنَّهُ لَا يَلْحَقُهُ غَوْثٌ وَأَنَّ مَنْ وَلَّاهُ لَا يَقْبِضُ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ فَإِذَا كَانَ يُمْكِنُهُ الدَّفْعُ أَوْ كَانَ يَرْجُو غَوْثًا
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ was in her house with some of his companions when a man came and asked, "O Messenger of Allah, how much charity should I give from dates?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ answered, "This much and that much." The man then said, "So-and-so wronged me and took more from me, increasing it by a was." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "What will you do when someone who wrongs you goes even further in wronging you?" This sparked a discussion among the people, and the conversation continued until a man asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what if a man is absent from you, with his camels, livestock, and crops, but he still pays his zakat, and then the right of someone is taken from his wealth. What should he do while he is absent from you?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever pays his zakat willingly to seek the pleasure of Allah and the Hereafter and does not withhold anything from his wealth, and he establishes prayer, then the right of someone is taken from his wealth, he should take his weapon and fight. If he is killed in battle, he will be a martyr."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَيْنَمَا هُوَ فِي بَيْتِهَا وَعِنْدَهُ رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ يَتَحَدَّثُونَ إِذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَمْ صَدَقَةُ كَذَا وَكَذَا مِنَ التَّمْرِ؟ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ إِنَّ فُلَانًا تَعَدَّى عَلَيَّ فَأَخَذَ مِنِّي كَذَا وَكَذَا فَازْدَادَ صَاعًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَكَيْفَ إِذَا سَعَى عَلَيْكُمْ مَنْ يَتَعَدَّى عَلَيْكُمْ أَشَدَّ مِنْ هَذَا التَّعَدِّي؟ فَخَاضَ النَّاسُ وَبَهَرَ الْحَدِيثُ حَتَّى قَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ كَانَ رَجُلًا غَائِبًا عَنْكَ فِي إِبِلِهِ وَمَاشِيَتِهِ وَزَرْعِهِ فَأَدَّى زَكَاةَ مَالِهِ فَتَعَدَّى عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ فَكَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ وَهُوَ غَائِبٌ عَنْكَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ أَدَّى زَكَاةَ مَالِهِ طَيِّبَ النَّفْسِ بِهَا يُرِيدُ بِهِ وَجْهَ اللهِ وَالدَّارَ الْآخِرَةَ لَمْ يُغِيِّبْ شَيْئًا مِنْ مَالِهِ وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ فَتَعَدَّى عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ فَأَخَذَ سِلَاحَهُ فَقَاتَلَ فَقُتِلَ فَهُوَشَهِيدٌ