10. Zakāh (Prescribed Charity)
١٠۔ كِتَابُ الزَّكَاةِ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ prohibited two types of dates, the dates known as Juhroor and Hubayq, and there were some people who would collect the bad fruits and then take them out as charity. So they were forbidden from two types of dates. It was revealed: "And do not give away (or spend) that which is evil to spend." [Al-Baqarah 267] This narration was attributed to Abu Al-Walid and it was transmitted by Muslim ibn Ibrahim and Muhammad ibn Kathir from Sulaiman ibn Kathir.
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ لَوْنَيْنِ مِنَ التَّمْرِ الْجُعْرُورِ وَلَوْنِ الْحُبَيْقِ وَكَانَ نَاسٌ يَتَيَمَّمُونَ شِرَارَ ثِمَارِهِمْ فَيُخْرِجُوَنَهَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ فَنُهُوَا عَنْ لَوْنَيْنِ مِنَ التَّمْرِ فَنَزَلَتْ {وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ} [البقرة 267] أَسْنَدَهُ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ وَأَرْسَلَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded for charity, and a man from this tribe came with some trinkets. Sufyan, may Allah be pleased with him, said it was a kind of cloth. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "Who brought this?" and no one would bring anything without being attributed to the one who brought it. Then the verse was revealed, "And do not give the khabith (bad things) which you yourselves would not accept in charity" [Al-Baqarah 2:267]. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited the use of Jura'ur and Habbayq in charity. Az-Zuhri said, "They were two colors of dates from Al-Madinah, and the same applied to them."
أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِصَدَقَةٍ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ هَذَا السَّخْلِ بِكَبَائِسَ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ يَعْنِي الشِّيصَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ جَاءَ بِهَذَا؟ وَكَانَ لَا يَجِيءُ أَحَدٌ بِشَيْءٍ إِلَّا نُسِبَ إِلَى الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ وَنَزَلَتْ {وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ} [البقرة 267] قَالَ وَنَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْجُعْرُورِ وَلَوْنِ الْحُبَيْقِ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ لَوْنَانِ مِنْ تَمْرِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَكَذَلِكَ
ثنا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ النَّبِيلُ ثنا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ حَدَّثَنِي صَالِحُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرِيبٍ عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَمَعَهُ عَصًا فَإِذَا أَقْنَاءُ مُعَلَّقَةٌ قِنْوٌ مِنْهَا حَشَفٌ فَطَعَنَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْقِنْوِ وَقَالَ مَا ضَرَّ صَاحِبُ هَذِهِ لَوْ تَصَدَّقَ بِأَطْيَبَ مِنْ هَذِهِ إِنَّ صَاحِبَ هَذِهِ لَيَأْكُلُ الْحَشَفَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَاللهِ لَتَدَعُنَّهَا مُذَلَّلَةً أَرْبَعِينَ عَامًا لِلْعَوَافِي ثُمَّ قَالَ أَتَدْرُونَ مَا الْعَوَافِي؟ قَالُوا اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ الطَّيْرُ وَالسِّبَاعُ
[Machine] The Ansar used to give less than the required amount of dates in their zakat. Then Allah revealed the verse:
"O you who have believed, spend from the good things which you have earned and from that which We have produced for you from the earth. And do not aim toward the defective therefrom, spending [from that] while you would not take it [yourself] except with closed eyes. And know that Allah is Free of need and Praiseworthy." (Quran 2:267)
The word "defective" in this verse refers to the inferior dates. If someone owes you something and they give you something less, they have reduced your right. But if you accept it, then it is considered as closing your eyes to it.
كَانَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ يُعْطُونَ فِي الزَّكَاةِ الشَّيْءَ الدُّونَ مِنَ التَّمْرِ فَنَزَلَتْ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ وَمِمَّا أَخْرَجْنَا لَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ وَلَسْتُمْ بِآخِذِيهِ إِلَّا أَنْ تُغْمِضُوا فِيهِ} [البقرة 267] قَالَ فَالدُّونُ هُوَ الْخَبِيثُ وَلَوْ كَانَ لَكَ عَلَى إِنْسَانٍ شَيْءٌ فَأَعْطَاكَ شَيْئًا دُونَ فَقَدْ نَقَصَكَ بَعْضَ حَقِّكَ فَإِذَا قَبِلْتَهُ فَهُوَ الْإِغْمَاضُ