23. Book of Quranic Exegesis (Tafsīr) (23/23)
٢٣۔ كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ ص ٢٣
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
We have begun in this book with the descent of the Quran, in what has been narrated in the Musnad concerning the recitations, and the mention of the companions who compiled and memorized the Quran, before the interpretation of the Surahs.
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
قَدْ بَدَأْنَا فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ بِنُزُولِ الْقُرْآنِ، فِي مَا رُوِيَ فِي الْمُسْنَدِ مِنَ الْقِرَاءَاتِ، وَذِكْرِ الصَّحَابَةِ الَّذِينَ جَمَعُوا الْقُرْآنَ وَحَفِظُوهُ، هَذَا قَبْلَ تَفْسِيرِ السُّوَرِ
[Machine] From Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri, he said: "Woe to every backbiter and slanderer." [Al-Hamzah 1] He said: "Woe is a valley in Hell, in which the disbeliever falls for forty autumns before he completes the reckoning of people."
عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ {وَيْلٌ لِكُلِّ هُمَزَةٍ لُمَزَةٍ} [الهمزة 1] قَالَ «الْوَيْلُ وَادٍ فِي جَهَنَّمَ يَهْوِي فِيهِ الْكَافِرُ أَرْبَعِينَ خَرِيفًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَفْرُغَ مِنْ حِسَابِ النَّاسِ»
[Machine] "He mentioned the fire and magnified its matter, and remembered from it what Allah willed to remember. Then he said, 'Indeed, it will be closed upon them in extended columns.'"
أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ النَّارَ فَعَظَّمَ أَمْرَهَا وَذَكَرَ مِنْهَا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَذْكُرَ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّهَا عَلَيْهِمْ مُؤْصَدَةٌ فِي عَمَدٍ مُمَدَّدَةٍ
23.105 [Machine] Translation: Explanation of Surah Al-Fil
٢٣۔١٠٥ تَفْسِيرُ سُورَةِ الْفِيلِ
[Machine] "The owners of the elephant approached Mecca, and when they reached it, Abdul Muttalib greeted them and said to their king, 'Why have you come to us? What do you need, O our Lord? Shall we bring you anything you desire?' The king replied, 'I have been informed about this House that no one can enter except those who believe. So I have come to frighten its people.' Abdul Muttalib said, 'We will bring you whatever you desire, so go back.' But he refused to leave until he entered. He started to walk towards it, and Abdul Muttalib climbed a mountain and said, 'I do not witness the destruction of this House and its people.' Then he said, 'O Allah! Indeed, for every god there is a permissible act. So prevent their permissible acts from overpowering them, O Allah, forever. O Allah, if you do this, then command what seems good to you.' Then a cloud came from the direction of the sea, and it covered them until birds carrying stones came and pelted them. As Allah Almighty has said, 'It flung at them stones of baked clay.' (Surah Al-Fil, 4) The elephant was then turned into chewed stubble.'" (Surah Al-Fil, 5)
أَقْبَلَ أَصْحَابُ الْفِيلِ حَتَّى إِذَا دَنَوْا مِنْ مَكَّةَ اسْتَقْبَلَهُمْ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَقَالَ لِمَلِكِهِمْ مَا جَاءَ بِكَ إِلَيْنَا مَا عَنَاكَ يَا رَبَّنَا أَلَا بَعَثْتَ فَنَأْتِيكَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ أَرَدْتَ؟ فَقَالَ أُخْبِرْتُ بِهَذَا الْبَيْتِ الَّذِي لَا يَدْخُلُهُ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا آمَنَ فَجِئْتُ أُخِيفُ أَهْلَهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّا نَأْتِيكَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ تُرِيدُ فَارْجِعْ فَأَبَى إِلَّا أَنْ يَدْخُلَهُ وَانْطَلَقَ يَسِيرُ نَحْوَهُ وَتَخَلَّفَ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَقَامَ عَلَى جَبَلٍ فَقَالَ لَا أَشْهَدُ مَهْلِكَ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ وَأَهْلِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ [البحر الكامل] اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ لِكُلِّ إِلَهٍ حَلَالًا فَامْنَعْ حَلَالَكْ لَا يَغْلِبَنَّ مُحَالُهُمْ أَبَدًا مِحَالَكْ اللَّهُمَّ فَإِنْ فَعَلْتَ فَأْمُرْ مَا بَدَا لَكْ فَأَقْبَلَتْ مِثْلُ السَّحَابَةِ مِنْ نَحْوِ الْبَحْرِ حَتَّى أَظَلَّتْهُمْ طَيْرٌ أَبَابِيلُ الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷻ {تَرْمِيهِمْ بِحِجَارَةٍ مِنْ سِجِّيلٍ} [الفيل 4] قَالَ فَجَعَلَ الْفِيلُ يَعُجُّ عَجًّا {فَجَعَلَهُمْ كَعَصْفٍ مَأْكُولٍ} [الفيل 5]
23.106 [Machine] The interpretation of Surah Quraysh.
٢٣۔١٠٦ تَفْسِيرُ سُورَةِ قُرَيْشٍ
[Machine] From his grandmother, Umm Haneeth, daughter of Abu Talib, it is narrated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah has favored Quraysh with seven privileges: that I am among them, and that prophethood is among them, and that the veil is among them, and that sustenance is among them, and that Allah aided them against the people of the elephant, and that they worshiped Allah alone for ten years without worshipping anyone else, and that Allah revealed a Surah in the Qur'an about them." Then, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ recited the verse, "For the accustomed security of the Quraysh - Their accustomed security in the caravan of winter and summer - Let them worship the Lord of this House, Who has fed them, [saving them] from hunger and made them safe, [saving them] from fear." [Quraysh 2]
عَنْ جَدَّتِهِ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ بِنْتِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ قُرَيْشًا بِسَبْعِ خِلَالٍ؛ أَنِّي فِيهِمْ وَأَنَّ النُّبُوَّةَ فِيهِمْ وَالْحِجَابَةَ فِيهِمْ وَالسِّقَايَةَ فِيهِمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ نَصَرَهُمْ عَلَى الْفِيلِ وَأَنَّهُمْ عَبَدُوا اللَّهَ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ لَا يَعْبُدُهُ غَيْرُهُمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ فِيهِمْ سُورَةً مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ» ثُمَّ تَلَاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ {لِإِيلَافِ قُرَيْشٍ إِيلَافِهِمْ رِحْلَةَ الشِّتَاءِ وَالصَّيْفِ فَلْيَعْبُدُوا رَبَّ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ الَّذِي أَطْعَمَهُمْ مِنْ جُوعٍ وَآمَنَهُمْ مِنْ خَوْفٍ} [قريش 2]
23.107 [Machine] The explanation of Surah Al-Ma'un
٢٣۔١٠٧ تَفْسِيرُ سُورَةِ الْمَاعُونِ
[Machine] The phrase "الْمَاعُونُ الْعَارِيَةُ" is correct according to the conditions of the two famous scholars (i.e., the two sheikhs), but it is not mentioned in the conditions of Bukhari and Muslim.
«الْمَاعُونُ الْعَارِيَةُ» صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ الشَّيْخَيْنِ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ على شرط البخاري ومسلم
[Machine] "This is the obligatory zakat that they see from their prayers and withhold their zakat." This is a correct and transmitted chain of narration, as Mujahid did not hear it directly from Ali.
«هِيَ الزَّكَاةُ الْمَفْرُوضَةُ يُرَاءُونَ بِصَلَاتِهِمْ وَيَمْنَعُونَ زَكَاتَهُمْ» هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ مُرْسَلٌ فَإِنَّ مُجَاهِدًا لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ عَلِيٍّ منقطع
23.108 [Machine] Interpretation of Surah Al-Kawthar
٢٣۔١٠٨ تَفْسِيرُ سُورَةِ الْكَوْثَرِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked about Al-Kawthar, to which he replied, "It is a river that Allah has granted me in Paradise. Its soil is musk, its taste is sweeter than honey, and its birds have necks like the necks of camels." Abu Bakr said, "O Messenger of Allah, it is beautiful indeed." The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Its drink is more beautiful than its appearance." This hadith was narrated by Muslim from the narration of Abd al-Wahid ibn Ziyad, from al-Mukhtar ibn Fulful, from Anas, when the verse "Indeed, We have granted you, [O Muhammad], al-Kawthar" [Quran 108:1] was revealed. It is complete and longer than this, but I have narrated it in the chains of Asim ibn Ali, for Abu Uwais is trustworthy, and Az-Zuhri does not preserve a Mursal hadith from his brother Abdullah. The well-known version of this hadith is from the narration of Muhammad ibn 'Abdullah ibn Muslim, from his father. This hadith is authenticated by Muslim.
سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْكَوْثَرِ فَقَالَ «هُوَ نَهَرٌ أَعْطَانِيهِ اللَّهُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ تُرَابُهَا مِسْكٌ أَبْيَضُ مِنَ اللَّبَنِ وَأَحْلَى مِنَ الْعَسَلِ يَرِدُهُ طَائِرٌ أَعْنَاقُهَا مِثْلُ أَعْنَاقِ الْجُزُرِ» فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهَا لَنَاعِمَةٌ فَقَالَ «أُكُلُهَا أَنْعَمُ مِنْهَا»
[Machine] "Al-Kawthar, a great abundance that Allah has given to him." Abu Bashr said, "I said to Sa'id, some people claim that it is a river in Paradise." Sa'id replied, "And the river is from abundant goodness."
«الْكَوْثَرُ الْخَيْرُ الْكَثِيرُ الَّذِي أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ إِيَّاهُ» قَالَ أَبُو بِشْرٍ فَقُلْتُ لِسَعِيدٍ إِنَّ أُنَاسًا يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ نَهَرٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ فَقَالَ «وَالنَّهَرُ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ الْكَثِيرِ»
[Machine] "From Ali, he said: 'Pray and sacrifice for your Lord.' [Al-Kawthar 2] He said, 'His placement is your right hand over your left hand during salah.' And the second narration, Al-Dhahabi remained silent about it in the summary."
عَنْ عَلِيٍّ {فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ} [الكوثر 2] قَالَ «هُوَ وَضْعُكَ يَمِينَكَ عَلَى شِمَالِكَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ»
[Machine] "When this verse was revealed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , it says, 'Indeed, We have granted you, [O Muhammad], al-Kawthar. So pray to your Lord and sacrifice [to Him alone].'" (Al-Kawthar 2)
The Prophet ﷺ asked Gabriel, "O Gabriel, what is this 'nahirah' that my Lord has commanded me to do?" Gabriel replied, "It is not a 'nahirah,' but rather, it is a command that whenever you enter a state of ritual consecration for prayer, you should raise your hands when you say the takbir (saying "Allahu Akbar"), when you bow, and when you raise your head after bowing. This is our prayer and the prayer of the angels in the seven heavens."
The Prophet ﷺ said, "Raising the hands from the 'istikana' position is what Allah, the Almighty, said, 'But they did not prostrate to Allah when they were able, and they did not do humility.'" (Al-Mu'minun 76)
As for Israel, he is the owner of wonders that should not be relied upon. And the term "asbigh" refers to a group of abandoned Shia individuals according to An-Nasai."
لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ {إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ} [الكوثر 2] قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «يَا جِبْرِيلُ مَا هَذِهِ النَّحِيرَةُ الَّتِي أَمَرَنِي بِهَا رَبِّي؟» قَالَ إِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِنَحِيرَةٍ وَلَكِنَّهُ يَأْمُرُكَ إِذَا تَحَرَّمْتَ لِلصَّلَاةِ أَنْ تَرْفَعَ يَدَيْكَ إِذَا كَبَّرْتَ وَإِذَا رَكَعْتَ وَإِذَا رَفَعْتَ رَأْسَكَ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ فَإِنَّهَا صَلَاتُنَا وَصَلَاةُ الْمَلَائِكَةِ الَّذِينَ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعِ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَفْعُ الْأَيْدِي مِنَ الِاسْتِكَانَةِ الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷻ {فَمَا اسْتَكَانُوا لِرَبِّهِمْ وَمَا يَتَضَرَّعُونَ} [المؤمنون 76]
23.109 [Machine] The interpretation of Surah Al-Kafirun.
٢٣۔١٠٩ تَفْسِيرُ سُورَةِ الْكَافِرُونَ
[Machine] He said to the Prophet ﷺ , "Give me something to say." The Prophet replied, "When you go to your bed, recite [Surah Al-Kafirun] until its end, for it is a disavowal from polytheism."
أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْنِي بِشَيْءٍ أَقُولُهُ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَوَيْتَ إِلَى مَضْجَعِكَ فَاقْرَأْ {قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ} [الكافرون 1] إِلَى خَاتِمَتِهَا فَإِنَّهَا بَرَاءَةٌ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ
23.110 [Machine] The interpretation of Surah An-Nasr.
٢٣۔١١٠ تَفْسِيرُ سُورَةِ النَّصْرِ
[Machine] The translation is as follows: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to frequently say, "Subhanak Allahumma wa bihamdik" (Glory be to You, our Lord, and praise be to You). But when the victory from Allah (God) and the conquest came, he said, "Subhanak Allahumma wa bihamdik Allahumma, forgive me. Indeed, You are the Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful."
كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُكْثِرُ أَنْ يَقُولَ «سُبْحَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَبِحَمْدِكَ» فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ قَالَ «سُبْحَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَبِحَمْدِكَ اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ»
23.111 [Machine] Exegesis of Surah Abi Lahab
٢٣۔١١١ تَفْسِيرُ سُورَةِ أَبِي لَهَبٍ
[Machine] "Lahab ibn Abi Lahab used to insult the Prophet ﷺ , so the Prophet ﷺ said, 'O Allah, send upon him your dog.'"
Then he went on a caravan intending to go to Sham. He stopped at a place and said, "I fear the supplication of Muhammad ﷺ ."
They said to him, "No, do not worry." So they set up their belongings around him and sat guarding him.
Then a lion came and snatched him and took him away. (This hadith has a sound chain of narration, but it was not included by the compilers of the hadith collections) - Sahih Al-Isnad."
كَانَ لَهَبُ بْنُ أَبِي لَهَبٍ يَسُبُّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «اللَّهُمَّ سَلِّطْ عَلَيْهِ كَلْبَكَ» فَخَرَجَ فِي قَافِلَةٍ يُرِيدُ الشَّامَ فَنَزَلَ مَنْزِلًا فَقَالَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ دَعْوَةَ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ قَالُوا لَهُ كَلَّا فَحَطُّوا مَتَاعَهُمْ حَوْلَهُ وَقَعَدُوا يَحْرُسُونَهُ فَجَاءَ الْأَسَدُ فَانْتَزَعَهُ فَذَهَبَ بِهِ «صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ» صحيح
أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَبِيبٍعمرو بن حبيب واه
[Machine] "And he (Pharaoh) said, 'Take away from me the wretched gain, meaning his son, his wealth and what he has earned.'" [Surah Al-Masad (The Palm Fiber), verse 2] according to the condition mentioned by Al-Bukhari.
وَقَالَ أخْرِجُوا عَنِّي الْكَسْبَ الْخَبِيثَ يَعْنِي وَلَدَهُ {مَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ} [المسد 2] على شرط البخاري
23.112 [Machine] Explanation of Surah Al-Ikhlas
٢٣۔١١٢ تَفْسِيرُ سُورَةِ الْإِخْلَاصِ
23.112.01 [Machine] I have mentioned the virtues of Surah Al-Ikhlas in the virtues of the Quran.
٢٣۔١١٢.٠١ قَدْ ذَكَرْتُ فَضَائِلَ السُّورَةِ الإخْلَاص فِي فَضَائِلِ الْقُرْآنِ
“The idolaters were saying to the Messenger of Allah: ‘Name the lineage of your Lord for us.’ So Allah, Most High, revealed: Say: “He is Allah, the One. Allah As-Samad.” So As-Samad is ‘the One Who does not beget, nor is He begotten,’ because there is nothing born except it will die, and there is nothing that dies except that it will be inherited from, and verily. Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, does not die, nor is He inherited from. ‘And there is none comparable to Him.’ He said: ‘There is nothing similar to Him, nor equal to Him, nor is there anything like Him.’” (Using translation from Tirmidhī 3364)
أَنَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَالُوا يَا مُحَمَّدُ انْسُبْ لَنَا رَبَّكَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷻ {قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ} [الإخلاص 2] قال الصمد الذي لم يلد {وَلَمْ يُولَدْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ} [الإخلاص 3] لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ شَيْءٌ يُولَدُ إِلَّا سَيَمُوتُ وَلَيْسَ شَيْءٌ يَمُوتُ إِلَّا سَيُورَثُ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَمُوتُ وَلَا يُورَثُ {وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ} [الإخلاص 4] قَالَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ شَبِيهٌ وَلَا عَدْلٌ وَلَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ
23.113 [Machine] The Interpretation of Surah Al-Falaq
٢٣۔١١٣ تَفْسِيرُ سُورَةِ الْفَلَقِ
[Machine] I said, "O Messenger of Allah, shall I recite from Surah Yusuf and Surah Hud?" He replied, "O 'Uqbah, recite! Seek refuge with the Lord of daybreak, for you will not recite a surah that is more beloved to Allah and more comprehensive in His sight than it. If you are able to not miss it, then do so."
قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَقْرَأُ مِنْ سُورَةِ يُوسُفَ وَسُورَةِ هُودٍ قَالَ «يَا عُقْبَةُ اقْرَأْ بِأَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ فَإِنَّكَ لَنْ تَقْرَأَ بِسُورَةٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَأَبْلَغَ عِنْدَهُ مِنْهَا فَإِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ لَا تَفُوتَكَ فَافْعَلْ»
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ took her hand and pointed with it to the moon, and said, "Seek refuge in Allah from the evil of this, for it is the time of eclipse." This hadith has an authentic chain of narration and it has not been narrated in a Sahih hadith collection.
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَخَذَ بِيَدِهَا فَأَشَارَ بِهَا إِلَى الْقَمَرِ فَقَالَ «اسْتَعِيذِي بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شَرِّ هَذَا فَإِنَّهُ الْغَاسِقُ إِذَا وَقَبَ» صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ صحيح
“The Prophet ﷺ came to visit me (when I was sick), and said to me: ‘Shall I not recite for you a Ruqyah that Jibra’il brought to me?’ I said: ‘May my father and mother be ransomed for you! Yes, O Messenger of Allah!’ He said: Bismillah arqika, wallahu yashfika, min kulli da’in fika, min sharrin- naffathati fil-‘uqad, wa min sharri hasidin idha hasad (In the Name of Allah I perform Ruqyah for you, from every disease that is in you, and from the evil of those who (practice witchcraft when they) blow in the knots, and from the evil of the envier when he envies), three times.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 3524)
جَاءَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَعُودُنِي فَقَالَ «أَلَا أَرْقِيكَ بِرُقْيَةٍ رَقَانِي بِهَا جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ؟» فَقُلْتُ بَلَى بِأَبِي وَأُمِّي قَالَ «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ أَرْقِيكَ وَاللَّهُ يَشْفِيكَ مِنْ كُلِّ دَاءٍ فِيكَ مِنْ شَرِّ النَّفَّاثَاتِ فِي الْعُقَدِ وَمِنْ شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ» فَرَقَى بِهَا ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍسكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص
23.114 [Machine] Interpretation of Surah An-Nas
٢٣۔١١٤ تَفْسِيرُ سُورَةِ النَّاسِ
[Machine] Every newborn is born with whisperings in his heart. If he mentions Allah, these whisperings diminish, but if he is negligent, the whisperings increase. This is mentioned in the verse: "The persistent whisperer (devil) who withdraws (upon recitation of the Quran)" [Surah An-Nas: 4].
مَا مِنْ مَوْلُودٍ إِلَّا عَلَى قَلْبِهِ الْوَسْوَاسُ فَإِنْ ذَكَرَ اللَّهَ خَنَسَ وَإِنْ غَفَلَ وَسْوَسَ وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى {الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ} [الناس 4]