23. Book of Quranic Exegesis (Tafsīr)
٢٣۔ كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ
"O Prophet! Why do you forbid (for yourself) that which Allah has allowed to you.' until the end of the Verse. (Using translation from Nasāʾī 3959)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَمَةٌ يَطَؤُهَا فَلَمْ تَزَلْ بِهِ عَائِشَةُ وَحَفْصَةُ حَتَّى جَعَلَهَا عَلَى نَفْسِهِ حَرَامًا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ تَبْتَغِي مَرْضَاتَ أَزْوَاجِكَ} [التحريم 1] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ
[Machine] You lied, it is not forbidden for you. Then, recite this verse: "O Prophet, why do you prohibit [yourself from] what Allah has made lawful for you, seeking the approval of your wives?" [Surah At-Tahrim, verse 1].
كَذَبْتَ لَيْسَتْ عَلَيْكَ بِحَرَامٍ ثُمَّ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لَمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ تَبْتَغِي} [التحريم 1] الْآيَةُ
فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷻ {قُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَأَهْلِيكُمْ نَارًا} [التحريم 6] قَالَ «عَلِّمُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَأَهْلِيكُمُ الْخَيْرَ»
[Machine] "The stones that Allah described in the Quran as "their fuel is mankind and stones" (Surah At-Tahrim 6) are stones made of sulfur that Allah created as He willed or as He pleased."
إِنَّ الْحِجَارَةَ الَّتِي سَمَّى اللَّهُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ {وَقُودُهَا النَّاسُ وَالْحِجَارَةُ} [التحريم 6] حِجَارَةٌ مِنْ كِبْرِيتٍ خَلَقَهَا اللَّهُ عِنْدَهُ كَيْفَ شَاءَ أَوْ كَمَا شَاءَ
[Machine] A young man from the Ansar was overcome by fear of the fire, so he would weep upon mentioning the fire. This continued until he confined himself to his house due to this fear. This was mentioned to the Prophet ﷺ , so he went to visit him at his house. When the Prophet entered upon him, the young man embraced him and fell dead. The Prophet ﷺ said, "Prepare your companion, for his liver has been ripped apart."
أَنَّ فَتًى مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ دَخَلَتْهُ خَشْيَةٌ مِنَ النَّارِ فَكَانَ يَبْكِي عِنْدَ ذِكْرِ النَّارِ حَتَّى حَبَسَهُ ذَلِكَ فِي الْبَيْتِ فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَجَاءَهُ فِي الْبَيْتِ فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ اعْتَنَقَهُ الْفَتَى وَخَرَّ مَيِّتًا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «جَهِّزُوا صَاحِبَكُمْ فَإِنَّ الْفَرَقَ فَلَذَ كَبِدَهُ»
[Machine] "I performed a pilgrimage and then I descended from one of the roads of Kufa. I went out in a dark night when suddenly I heard a shout from the depth of the night. He was saying, 'O my Lord, by Your might and majesty, I did not intend to disobey You with my disobedience. Indeed, I disobeyed You when I disobeyed You, and I am not ignorant of that. However, it was a sin that my wretchedness and your covering have encouraged me to commit due to my ignorance. I disobeyed You out of my ignorance and I opposed You out of my ignorance. Now, who will rescue me from Your punishment, and to whose rope should I hold on? If You have severed Your rope from me, then to whose rope should I cling? When he finished speaking, I recited a verse from the Book of Allah, 'Save yourselves and your families from a Fire whose fuel is people and stones, over which are [appointed] angels, harsh and severe.' (Quran 66:6). Then, I heard a loud noise and after that, I did not hear or perceive anything. So, I continued on my way and when morning came, I returned to my chamber. There, I found a funeral procession taking place, and an elderly woman. I asked her about the matter of the deceased, but she did not recognize me. She replied, 'A man passed by here yesterday and may Allah reward him, he recited a verse from the Book of Allah, after hearing which, my son died.' The Dhahabi remained silent on the summary."
حَجَجْتُ حَجَّةً فَنَزَلْتُ سِكَّةً مِنْ سِكَكِ الْكُوفَةِ فَخَرَجْتُ فِي لَيْلَةٍ مُظْلِمَةٍ فَإِذَا بِصَارِخٍ يَصْرُخُ فِي جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ إِلَهِي وَعِزَّتِكَ وَجَلَالِكَ مَا أَرَدْتُ بِمَعْصِيَتِي إِيَّاكَ مُخَالَفَتَكَ وَلَقَدْ عَصَيْتُكَ إِذْ عَصَيْتُكَ وَمَا أَنَا بِذَلِكَ جَاهِلٌ وَلَكِنْ خَطِيئَةٌ عَرَضَتْ أَعَانَنِي عَلَيْهَا شَقَائِي وَغَرَّنِي سِتْرُكَ الْمُرْخَي عَلَيَّ وَقَدْ عَصَيْتُكَ بِجَهْلِي وَخَالَفْتُكَ بِجَهْلِي فَالْآنَ مِنْ عَذَابِكَ مَنْ يَسْتَنْقِذُنِي وَبِحَبْلِ مَنْ أَتَّصِلُّ إِنْ أَنْتَ قَطَعْتُ حَبْلَكَ عَنِّي وَاشَبَابَاهُ وَاشَبَابَاهُ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ تَلَوْتُ آيَةً مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ {قُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَأَهْلِيكُمْ نَارًا وَقُودُهَا النَّاسُ وَالْحِجَارَةُ عَلَيْهَا مَلَائِكَةٌ غِلَاظٌ شِدَادٌ} [التحريم 6] الْآيَةُ فَسَمِعْتُ حَرَكَةً شَدِيدَةً ثُمَّ لَمْ أَسْمَعْ بَعْدَهَا حِسًّا فَمَضَيْتُ فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ رَجَعْتُ فِي مَدْرَجَتِي فَإِذَا أَنَا بِجِنَازَةٍ قَدْ وُضِعَتْ وَإِذَا عَجُوزٌ كَبِيرَةٌ فَسَأَلْتُهَا عَنْ أَمْرِ الْمَيِّتِ وَلَمْ تَكُنْ عَرَفَتْنِي فَقَالَتْ مَرَّ هُنَا رَجُلٌ لَا جَزَاهُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا جَزَاءَهُ بِابْنِي الْبَارِحَةَ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي فَتَلَا آيَةً مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَهَا ابْنِي تَفَطَّرَتْ مَرَارَتُهُ فَوَقَعَ مَيِّتًا سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص
[Machine] "Whenever a person commits a sin and then repents sincerely, the sin will no longer be held against him, and it will not be mentioned in the authentic chain of narrations, nor will it be recorded against him."
أَنْ يُذْنِبَ الْعَبْدُ ثُمَّ يَتُوبَ فَلَا يَعُودُ فِيهِ صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُصحيح
[Machine] "To expiate your sins." [Surah At-Tahrim, verse 8]
أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ} [التحريم 8] الْآيَةُ
[Machine] About Ibn Abbas regarding the saying of Allah, the Almighty: "On the Day when Allah will not disgrace the Prophet and those who have believed with him, their light will proceed before them and on their right; they will say, "Our Lord, perfect for us our light" [Surah At-Tahrim 8]. He said, "There is no one among the monotheists who will not be given light on the Day of Resurrection. As for the hypocrites, their light will be extinguished, and the believer will fear the extinguishing of the hypocrite's light, thus he will say, "Our Lord, perfect for us our light."
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷻ {يَوْمَ لَا يُخْزِي اللَّهُ النَّبِيَّ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ نُورُهُمْ يَسْعَى بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَبِأَيْمَانِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا أَتْمِمْ لَنَا نُورَنَا} [التحريم 8] قَالَ لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُوَحِّدِينَ إِلَّا يُعْطَى نُورًا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَأَمَّا الْمُنَافِقُ فَيُطْفِئُ نُورَهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنُ مُشْفِقٌ مِمَّا رَأَى مِنْ إِطْفَاءِ نُورِ الْمُنَافِقِ فَهُوَ يَقُولُ {رَبَّنَا أَتْمِمْ لَنَا نُورَنَا} [التحريم 8]
The deceiving wives of Prophets Nūḥ and Lūṭ
[Machine] "They both betrayed him." [Surah Al-Tahrim 10] He said, "Neither did the wife of Noah [enter Paradise] with the believers, for she was of them, but the wife of Lot was in Paradise [and] she betrayed them."
{فَخَانَتَاهُمَا} [التحريم 10] قَالَ «مَا زَنَتَا أَمَّا امْرَأَةُ نُوحٍ فَكَانَتْ تَقُولُ لِلنَّاسِ إِنَّهُ مَجْنُونٌ وَأَمَّا امْرَأَةُ لُوطٍ فَكَانَتْ تَدُلُّ عَلَى الضَّيْفِ فَذَلِكَ خِيَانَتُهُمَا»
Angels gave shade to Āsiyah, the wife of Pharaoh, while she was being tortured
The wife of Pharaoh was tortured under the sun. When they left, angels gave her shade with their wings and she saw her house in Jannah.
كَانَتِ امْرَأَةُ فِرْعَوْنَ تُعَذَّبُ بِالشَّمْسِ فَإِذَا انْصَرَفُوا عَنْهَا أَظَلَّتْهَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ بِأَجْنِحَتِهَا وَكَانَتْ تَرَى بَيْتَهَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ.
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: "When I was taken on the Night Journey, I passed by a pleasant fragrance and asked: 'What is this fragrance?' They replied: 'This is the fragrance of the comb of the daughter of Pharaoh, and her children used to comb her hair. When the comb fell from her hand, she said: 'In the name of Allah!' Her daughter asked: 'Is it for my father?' She replied: 'No, not for your father, but for my Lord and your Lord, and the Lord of your father.' Her daughter said: 'I will inform my father about this.' So she told Pharaoh, who summoned her and her children, and asked her: 'What do you want?' She replied: 'Gather my bones and the bones of my children, and bury us all together.' He acknowledged the truth in her request and brought her children to throw them one by one into the grave, until the last one was her young breastfeeding son. He said to her: 'Be patient, O mother, for you are upon the truth.' Then she was thrown into the grave along with her son." The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: "Four people spoke while still children: this child (referring to the son of the woman of Pharaoh), the witness of Joseph, the companion of Jurayj, and Jesus son of Mary, peace be upon them."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا أُسْرِيَ بِي مَرَّتْ بِي رَائِحَةٌ طَيْبَةٌ فَقُلْتُ مَا هَذِهِ الرَّائِحَةُ؟ فَقَالُوا هَذِهِ رَائِحَةُ مَاشِطَةِ ابْنَةِ فِرْعَوْنَ وَأَوْلَادِهَا كَانَتْ تَمْشِطُهَا فَوَقَعَ الْمُشْطُ مِنْ يَدِهَا فَقَالَتْ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَتِ ابْنَتُهُ أَبِي؟ فَقَالَتْ لَا بَلْ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكِ وَرَبُّ أَبِيكِ فَقَالَتْ أُخْبِرُ بِذَلِكَ أَبِي قَالَتْ نَعَمْ فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ فَدَعَا بِهَا وَبِوَلَدِهَا فَقَالَتْ لِي إِلَيْكَ حَاجَةٌ فَقَالَ مَا هِيَ؟ قَالَتْ تَجْمَعُ عِظَامِي وَعِظَامَ وَلَدِي فَتَدْفِنُهُ جَمِيعًا فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ لَكِ عَلَيْنَا مِنَ الْحَقِّ فَأَتَى بِأَوْلَادِهَا فَأَلْقَى وَاحِدًا وَاحِدًا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ آخِرُ وَلَدِهَا وَكَانَ صَبِيًّا مُرْضَعًا فَقَالَ اصْبِرِي يَا أُمَّاهُ فَإِنَّكِ عَلَى الْحَقِّ ثُمَّ أُلْقِيَتْ مَعَ وَلَدِهَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَكَلَّمَ أَرْبَعَةٌ وَهُمْ صِغَارٌ هَذَا وَشَاهِدُ يُوسُفَ وَصَاحِبُ جُرَيْجٍ وَعِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ drew four lines and then said, "Do you know what this is?" They said, "Allah and His Messenger know best." He said, "Indeed, the best women of the people of Paradise are Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, Fatimah bint Muhammad, Maryam bint Imran, and Asiya bint Muzahim, the wife of Pharaoh, in addition to the mention of her in the Quran (she said: 'My Lord, build for me near You a house in Paradise and save me from Pharaoh and his deeds and save me from the wrongdoing people')." [Al-Tahrim 11]
خَطَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْبَعَ خُطُوطٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ «أَتَدْرُونَ مَا هَذَا؟» قَالُوا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ إِنَّ أَفْضَلَ نِسَاءِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ خَدِيجَةُ بِنْتُ خُوَيْلِدٍ وَفَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَمَرْيَمُ بِنْتُ عِمْرَانَ وَآسِيَةُ بِنْتُ مُزَاحِمٍ امْرَأَةُ فِرْعَوْنَ مَعَ مَا قَصَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ خَبَرِهَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ {قَالَتْ رَبِّ ابْنِ لِي عِنْدَكَ بَيْتًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَنَجِّنِي مِنْ فِرْعَوْنَ وَعَمَلِهِ وَنَجِّنِي مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ} [التحريم 11]
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The best of its women is Maryam bint Imran, and the best of its women is Khadijah." This hadith was narrated by Al-Bukhari in his Sahih from Sadaqah bin Muhammad, and it was also narrated by Muslim from Abu Khaythamah and Abu Bakr bin Abi Shaybah in this context. So why did you mention it?
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «خَيْرُ نِسَائِهَا مَرْيَمُ بِنْتُ عِمْرَانَ وَخَيْرُ نِسَائِهَا خَدِيجَةُ» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ صَدَقَةَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ بِهَذِهِ السِّيَاقَةِأخرجاه فلماذا أوردته