23. Book of Quranic Exegesis (Tafsīr)
٢٣۔ كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ
He heard Ibn 'Umar and Ibn 'Abbas testify that the Messenger of Allah [SAW] forbade Ad-Dubba' (gourds), Al-Hantam, Al-Muzaffat, and An-Naqir. Then the Messenger of Allah [SAW] recited this Verse: "And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad) gives you, take it; and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it)." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 5643)
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُمَا شَهِدَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنِ الدُّبَّاءِ وَالنَّقِيرِ وَالْحَنْتَمِ وَالْمُزَفَّتِ ثُمَّ تَلَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ {مَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا} [الحشر 7]
[Machine] "A head of a sheep was gifted to a man from the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . He said, 'Indeed, my brother Fulan and his family are more in need of this than us.' So he sent it to him. He continued to send it to him from one person to another until it reached seven households and then returned to the first person. Then the verse was revealed: 'And they give [from their wealth] preference over themselves, even though they are in privation.' (Surah Al-Hashr, 59:9) until the end of the verse."
أُهْدِي لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَأْسُ شَاةٍ فَقَالَ «إِنَّ أَخِي فُلَانًا وَعِيَالَهُ أَحْوَجُ إِلَى هَذَا مِنَّا» قَالَ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَبْعَثُ إِلَيْهِ وَاحِدًا إِلَى آخَرَ حَتَّى تَدَاوَلَهَا سَبْعَةُ أَبْيَاتٍ حَتَّى رَجَعَتْ إِلَى الْأَوَّلِ فَنَزَلَتْ {وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ} [الحشر 9] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ
[Machine] The people are divided into three groups, and two of them have already passed while only one remains. The best thing for you to do is to be in the position that has remained, as described in the verse: "For the poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and their properties" [Surah Al-Hashr 59:8]. Then he recited: "And those who had established their homes and faith before them" [Surah Al-Hashr 59:9]. Then he said: "These are the Ansar and this is their position, which has already passed." Then he recited: "And those who came after them say: 'Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith'" [Surah Al-Hashr 59:10]. He said: "So these two positions have already passed, and this remaining position is the best thing for you to be in."
النَّاسُ عَلَى ثَلَاثِ مَنَازِلَ فَمَضَتْ مِنْهُمُ اثْنَتَانِ وَبَقِيَتْ وَاحِدَةٌ فَأَحْسَنُ مَا أَنْتُمْ كَائِنُونَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ تَكُونُوا بِهَذِهِ الْمَنْزِلَةِ الَّتِي بَقِيَتْ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ} [الحشر 8] الْآيَةَ ثُمَّ قَالَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ وَهَذِهِ مَنْزِلَةٌ وَقَدْ مَضَتْ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ} الْآيَةَ ثُمَّ قَالَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَنْصَارُ وَهَذِهِ مَنْزِلَةٌ وَقَدْ مَضَتْ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالْإِيمَانِ} الْآيَةَ قَالَ فَقَدْ مَضَتْ هَاتَانِ الْمَنْزِلَتَانِ وَبَقِيَتْ هَذِهِ الْمَنْزِلَةُ فَأَحْسَنُ مَا أَنْتُمْ كَائِنُونَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ تَكُونُوا بِهَذِهِ الْمَنْزِلَةِ الَّتِي بَقِيَتْ
[Machine] Isḥāq narrated from 'Abd al-Razzāq, who narrated from al-Thawri, who narrated from Abī Isḥāq, who narrated from Ḥumayd ibn 'Abd Allāh al-Salūlī, who narrated from 'Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib, who said: "There was a monk who worshipped in a hermitage, and a woman beautified herself for him and he had relations with her, and she became pregnant. Satan came to him and said, 'Kill her, for if they find out about you, you will be disgraced.' So he killed her and buried her. Then they came to him and took him and as they were walking, Satan came to him and said, 'It is I who beautified her for you, so prostrate to me in a prostration of gratitude and I will save you.' So he prostrated to him, and Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, revealed the verse: 'Like the example of the Devil when he says to man, "Disbelieve." But when he disbelieves, he says, "Indeed, I am disassociated from you."' (Surah al-Hashr, 59:16)."
ثنا إِسْحَاقُ أَنْبَأَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَنْبَأَ الثَّوْرِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ السَّلُولِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ كَانَ رَاهِبٌ يَتَعَبَّدُ فِي صَوْمَعَةٍ وَامْرَأَةٌ زَيَّنَتْ لَهُ نَفْسَهَا فَوَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا فَحَمَلَتْ فَجَاءَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ فَقَالَ اقْتُلْهَا فَإِنَّهُمْ إِنْ ظَهَرُوا عَلَيْكَ افْتَضَحْتَ فَقَتَلَهَا فَدَفَنَهَا فَجَاءُوهُ فَأَخَذُوهُ فَذَهَبُوا بِهِ فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ يَمْشُونَ إِذْ جَاءَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ فَقَالَ أَنَا الَّذِي زَيَّنْتُ لَكَ فَاسْجُدْ لِي سَجْدَةً أُنْجِيكَ فَسَجَدَ لَهُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷻ {كَمَثَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ إِذْ قَالَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ اكْفُرْ فَلَمَّا كَفَرَ قَالَ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْكَ} [الحشر 16] الْآيَةَ