23. Book of Quranic Exegesis (Tafsīr)
٢٣۔ كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ
A man came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: Teach me to read the Qur'an, Messenger of Allah. He said: Read three surahs which begin with A.L.R. He said: My age is advanced, my mind has become dull (i.e. memory has grown weak), and my tongue has grown heavy). So he said: Then read three surahs which begin with H.M. He repeated the same words. So he said: Read three surahs which begin with the "Glorification of Allah". But he repeated the same excuse. The man then said: Teach me a comprehensive surah, Messenger of Allah. The Prophet ﷺ taught him Surah (99). "When the Earth is shaken with her earthquake". When he finished it, the man said: By Him Who sent you with truth, I shall never add anything to it. Then man then went away. The Prophet ﷺ said twice: The man received salvation. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1399)
أَتَى رَجُلٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَقْرِئْنِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «اقْرَأْ ثَلَاثًا مِنْ ذَوَاتِ الرَّاءِ» فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ كَبِرَتْ سِنِّي وَاشْتَدَّ قَلْبِي وَغَلُظَ لِسَانِي قَالَ «اقْرَأْ ثَلَاثًا مِنْ ذَوَاتِ حم» فَقَالَ مِثْلَ مَقَالَتِهِ الْأُولَى فَقَالَ «اقْرَأْ ثَلَاثًا مِنَ الْمُسَبِّحَاتِ» فَقَالَ مِثْلَ مَقَالَتِهِ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَقْرِئْنِي سُورَةً جَامِعَةً فَأَقْرَأَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ {إِذَا زُلْزِلَتْ} [الزلزلة 1] حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْهَا فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَا أَزِيدُ عَلَيْهِ أَبَدًا ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ الرَّجُلُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَفْلَحَ الرُّوَيْجِلُ» ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا يُقِيمُهُ
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ recited: That Day it will declare its information. And said: 'Do you know what its information is?' they said: 'Allah and His Messenger know best.' He said: 'Indeed its information is that it will testify against every servant, male and female, It will say that he did such and such, on such and such a day.' He said: 'With this it shall be ordered.'" (Using translation from Tirmidhī 2429)
قَرَأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ {يَوْمَئِذٍ تُحَدِّثُ أَخْبَارَهَا} [الزلزلة 4] قَالَ أَتَدْرُونَ مَا أَخْبَارُهَا؟ قَالُوا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ فَإِنَّ أَخْبَارَهَا أَنْ تَشْهَدَ عَلَى كُلِّ عَبْدٍ وَأَمَةٍ بِمَا عَمِلَ عَلَى ظَهْرِهَا أَنْ تَقُولَ عَمِلَ كَذَا أَوْ كَذَا فِي يَوْمِ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَذَلِكَ أَخْبَارُهَا
[Machine] While Abu Bakr As-Siddiq was having lunch with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , this verse was revealed: "So whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it." [Az-Zalzalah 8]. Abu Bakr held him and said, "O Messenger of Allah, will we be held accountable for the evil we have seen?" He said, "What you dislike is what you will be recompensed for. Goodness is delayed for its people in the Hereafter." The narration is authentic and it was not transmitted as a hadith marfu'.
بَيْنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ يَتَغَدَّى مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذْ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ} [الزلزلة 8] فَأَمْسَكَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَكُلُّ مَا عَمِلْنَا مِنْ سُوءٍ رَأَيْنَاهُ؟ فَقَالَ «مَا تَرَوْنَ مِمَّا تَكْرَهُونَ فَذَلِكَ مَا تُجْزَوْنَ يُؤَخَّرُ الْخَيْرُ لِأَهْلِهِ فِي الْآخِرَةِ» صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ مرسل