23. Book of Quranic Exegesis (Tafsīr)
٢٣۔ كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ
[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ recited the saying of Allah Almighty: "And they do not intercede except for those whom He approves" [Al-Anbiya 28]. So he ﷺ said: "Surely, my intercession is for the people who committed major sins from my nation."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَلَا قَوْلَ اللَّهِ ﷻ {وَلَا يَشْفَعُونَ إِلَّا لِمَنِ ارْتَضَى} [الأنبياء 28] فَقَالَ ﷺ «إِنَّ شَفَاعَتِي لِأَهْلِ الْكَبَائِرِ مِنْ أُمَّتِي»
[Machine] "The sky opened up with rain, and the earth burst forth with plants."
فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقًا} فَفَتَقْنَاهُمَا قَالَ «فُتِقَتِ السَّمَاءُ بِالْغَيْثِ وَفُتِقَتِ الْأَرْضُ بِالنَّبَاتِ»
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The supplication of Dhu al-Nun (Prophet Yunus) when he called upon it while he was in the belly of the fish, 'There is no deity except You; exalted are You. Indeed, I have been of the wrongdoers,' no Muslim person has ever called upon it in any matter except that they were answered."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «دُعَاءُ ذِي النُّونِ إِذْ دَعَا بِهِ وَهُوَ فِي بَطْنِ الْحُوتِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَدْعُ بِهَا رَجُلٌ مُسْلِمٌ فِي شَيْءٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا اسْتُجِيبَ لَهُ»
[Machine] From Abdullah bin Masud, in his explanation of the verse "Then he called out in the darkness" (Qur'an 21:87), he said: "The darkness of the night, the darkness of the belly of the whale, and the darkness of the sea."
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {فَنَادَى فِي الظُّلُمَاتِ} [الأنبياء 87] قَالَ «ظُلْمَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَظُلْمَةُ بَطْنِ الْحُوتِ وَظُلْمَةُ الْبَحْرِ»
[Machine] Regarding the saying of Allah the Most High, "And We gave him (Zakariyya) his wife," Ibn Abbas said, "[The length] was on the tongue of Zakariyya's wife, and Allah the Most High corrected it."
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى {وَأَصْلَحْنَا لَهُ زَوْجَهُ} [الأنبياء 90] قَالَ «كَانَ فِي لِسَانِ امْرَأَةِ زَكَرِيَّا طُولٌ فَأَصْلَحَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى»
[Machine] Abu Bakr As-Siddiq delivered a speech, praising Allah and expressing gratitude towards him for the qualities he possesses. He advised us to fear Allah and to praise him for his qualities. He also urged us to balance desire with fear, as Allah praised Prophet Zakariya and his family, saying: "Indeed, they used to hasten to good deeds and supplicate Us in hope and fear. And they were, to Us, humbly submissive" (Quran 21:90).
He then reminded us, the servants of Allah, that Allah has entrusted us with our own selves and has taken covenants from us. Allah has given us the opportunity to exchange the ephemeral for the eternal, by acquiring His book. The light of His book cannot be extinguished, and its wonders will never come to an end. Therefore, he advised us to seek guidance and enlightenment from the book of Allah, especially during darkness.
He stressed that we have been created to worship Allah, and that Allah has entrusted us as noble and honorable scribes who know what we do. He reminded us that we will eventually depart from this world, as our knowledge of the appointed time has been concealed from us. If we have the ability to fulfill our obligations while in the service of Allah, we should strive to do so, but only with the help of Allah. He encouraged us to hasten in performing our duties before the appointed time expires, in order to avoid returning to a state of evil deeds. He warned against emulating those who extend their appointed times to others, but forget themselves, and advised us not to follow in their footsteps.
He concluded by emphasizing the need to seek salvation and to seek safety. He reminded us that a seeker will always remain diligent and quick to respond.
خَطَبَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ لَهُ أَهْلٌ قَالَ أُوصِيكُمْ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَأَنْ تُثْنُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ لَهُ أَهْلٌ وَأَنْ تَخْلِطُوا الرَّغْبَةَ بِالرَّهْبَةِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَثْنَى عَلَى زَكَرِيَّا وَأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ فَقَالَ {إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ وَيَدْعُونَنَا رَغَبًا وَرَهَبًا وَكَانُوا لَنَا خَاشِعِينَ} [الأنبياء 90] ثُمَّ اعْلَمُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدِ ارْتَهَنَ بِحَقِّهِ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَأَخَذَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَوَاثِيقَكُمْ وَاشْتَرَى مِنْكُمُ الْقَلِيلَ الْفَانِي بِالْكَثِيرِ الْبَاقِي وَهَذَا كِتَابُ اللَّهِ فِيكُمْ لَا يُطْفَأُ نُورُهُ وَلَا تَنْقَضِي عَجَائِبُهُ فَاسْتَضِيئُوا بِنُورِهِ وَانْتَصِحُوا كِتَابَهُ وَاسْتَضِيئُوا مِنْهُ لِيَوْمِ الظُّلْمَةِ فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا خَلَقَكُمْ لِعِبَادَتِهِ وَوَكَّلَ بِكُمْ كِرَامًا كَاتِبِينَ يَعْلَمُونَ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ ثُمَّ اعْلَمُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ أَنَّكُمْ تَغْدُونَ وَتَرُوحُونَ فِي أَجَلٍ قَدْ غُيِّبَ عَنْكُمْ عِلْمُهُ فَإِنِ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ الْآجَالُ وَأَنْتُمْ فِي عَمَلِ اللَّهِ فَافْعَلُوا وَلَنْ تَسْتَطِيعُوا ذَلِكَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ فَسَابِقُوا فِي مُهْلِ آجَالِكُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ آجَالُكُمْ فَيَرُدَّكُمْ إِلَى سُوءِ أَعْمَالِكُمْ فَإِنَّ قَوْمًا جَعَلُوا آجَالَهُمْ لِغَيْرِهِمْ وَنَسَوْا أَنْفُسَهُمْ فَأَنْهَاكُمْ أَنْ تَكُونُوا أَمْثَالَهُمْ فَالْوَحَا الْوَحَا ثُمَّ النَّجَا النَّجَا فَإِنَّ وَرَاءَكُمْ طَالِبًا حَثِيثٌ مَرُّهُ سَرِيعُ
"On the night on which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was taken on the Night Journey (Isra'), he met Ibrahim, Musa and 'Eisa, and they discussed the Hour. They started with Ibrahim, and asked him about it, but he did not have any knowledge of it. Then they asked Musa, and he did not have any knowledge of it. Then they asked 'Eisa bin Maryam, and he said: 'I have been assigned to some tasks before it happens.' As for as when it will take place, no one knows that except Allah. Then he mentioned Dajjal and said: 'I will descend and kill him, then the people will return to their own lands and will be confronted with Gog and Magog people, who will: "swoop down from every mound."[21:96] They will not pass by any water but they will drink it, (and they will not pass) by anything but they will spoil it. They (the people) will beseech Allah, and I will pray to Allah to kill them. The earth will be filled with their stench and (the people) will beseech Allah and I will pray to Allah, then the sky will send down rain that will carry them and throw them in the sea. Then the mountains will turn to dust and the earth will be stretched out like a hide. I have been promised that when that happens, the Hour will come upon the people, like a pregnant woman whose family does not know when she will suddenly give birth.'" (One of the narrators) 'Awwam said: "Confirmation of that is found in the Book of Allah, where Allah says: "Until, when Gog and Magog people are let loose (from their barrier), and they swoop down from every mound (21:96)." (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 4081)
لَمَّا أُسْرِيَ لَيْلَةَ أُسْرِيَ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَقِيَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُوسَى وَعِيسَى فَتَذَاكَرُوا السَّاعَةَ فَبَدَءُوا بِإِبْرَاهِيمَ فَسَأَلُوهُ عَنْهَا فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ مِنْهَا عِلْمٌ ثُمَّ مُوسَى فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ مِنْهَا عِلْمٌ فَتَرَاجَعُوا الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى عِيسَى فَقَالَ عِيسَى عَهِدَ اللَّهُ إِلَيَّ فِيمَا دُونَ وَجْبَتِهَا فَلَا نَعْلَمُهَا قَالَ فَذَكَرَ مِنْ خُرُوجِ الدَّجَّالِ فَأَهْبِطُ فَاقْتُلُهُ وَيَرْجِعُ النَّاسُ إِلَى بِلَادِهِمْ فَيَسْتَقْبِلُهُمْ يَأْجُوجُ وَمَأْجُوجُ وَهُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ حَدَبٍ يَنْسِلُونَ فَلَا يَمُرُّونَ بِمَاءٍ إِلَّا شَرِبُوهُ وَلَا يَمُرُّونَ بِشَيْءٍ إِلَّا أَفْسَدُوهُ فَيَجْأَرُونَ إِلَى اللَّهِ فَيَدْعُونَ اللَّهَ فَيُمِيتُهُمْ فَتَجْأَرُ الْأَرْضُ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ رِيحِهِمْ وَيَجْأَرُونَ إِلَيَّ فَأَدْعُوا اللَّهَ فَيُرْسِلُ السَّمَاءَ بِالْمَاءِ فَيَحْمِلُ أَجْسَامَهُمْ فَيَقْذِفُهَا فِي الْبَحْرِ ثُمَّ يَنْسِفُ الْجِبَالَ وَتُمَدُّ الْأَرْضُ مَدَّ الْأَدِيمِ فَعَهِدَ اللَّهُ إِلَيَّ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّ السَّاعَةَ مِنَ النَّاسِ كَالْحَامِلِ الْمُتِمِّ لَا يَدْرِي أَهْلُهَا مَتَى تَفْجَأُهُمْ بِوِلَادَتِهَا لَيْلًا أَوْ نَهَارًا قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ فَوَجَدْتُ تَصْدِيقَ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷻ {حَتَّى إِذَا فُتِحَتْ يَأْجُوجُ وَمَأْجُوجُ وَهُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ حَدَبٍ يَنْسِلُونَ وَاقْتَرَبَ الْوَعْدُ الْحَقُّ} [الأنبياء 97] الْآيَةُ قَالَ وَجَمِيعُ النَّاسِ مِنْ كُلِّ مَكَانٍ جَاءُوا مِنْهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَهُوَ حَدَبٌ
[Machine] When the verse "Indeed, you and what you worship other than Allah are the fuel of Hell. You will come to it" [Al-Anbiya 98] was revealed, the polytheists asked, "Are the angels, Jesus, and Ezra being worshiped besides Allah?" He replied, "If these beings were worshiped as gods, they would not have ended up in Hell." Then the verse "Indeed, those for whom the best [reward] has preceded from us - they are from it far removed" [Al-Anbiya 101] was revealed concerning Jesus, Ezra, and the angels.
لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ {إِنَّكُمْ وَمَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ حَصَبُ جَهَنَّمَ أَنْتُمْ لَهَا وَارِدُونَ} [الأنبياء 98] فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَعِيسَى وَعُزَيْرٌ يُعْبَدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ؟ فَقَالَ لَوْ كَانَ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ يُعْبَدُونَ آلِهَةً مَا وَرَدُوهَا قَالَ فَنَزَلَتْ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ سَبَقَتْ لَهُمْ مِنَّا الْحُسْنَى أُولَئِكَ عَنْهَا مُبْعَدُونَ} [الأنبياء 101] عِيسَى وَعُزَيْرٌ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ