23. Book of Quranic Exegesis (Tafsīr)
٢٣۔ كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ
[Machine] "The Prophet ﷺ used to not sleep until he recited Alif Lam Meem Tanzeel As-Sajdah and Tabarakalladhee. Abu Zubair narrated this incident to me, from Safwan or Abu Safwan."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ «لَا يَنَامُ حَتَّى يَقْرَأَ الم تَنْزِيلُ السَّجْدَةُ وَتَبَارَكَ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ الْمُلْكُ» فَقَالَ أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ حَدَّثَنِيهِ صَفْوَانُ أَوْ أَبُو صَفْوَانَ
[Machine] "Of the six days in which Allah created the heavens and the earth, then He established Himself above them."
فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷻ {يُدَبِّرُ الْأَمْرَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ يَعْرُجُ إِلَيْهِ فِي يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ مِمَّا تَعُدُّونَ} [السجدة 5] قَالَ «مِنَ الْأَيَّامِ السِّتَّةِ الَّتِي خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِيهَا السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ ثُمَّ يَعْرُجُ إِلَيْهِ»
[Machine] We were sitting with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, in Al-Bathaa when a cloud passed by. The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said, "Do you know what this is?" We said, "Allah and His Messenger know best." He said, "It is a cloud." We said, "A cloud." He said, "And it is a rain cloud." We said, "And a rain cloud." He said, "And it is thunder." Then he remained silent for a while and said, "Do you know the distance between the heaven and the earth?" We said, "Allah and His Messenger know best." He said, "The distance between them is a journey of five hundred years, and between every heaven and the heaven that follows it, there is a journey of five hundred years, and each heaven is as thick as a journey of five hundred years, and above the seventh heaven is an ocean, between its upper part and its lower part, just as there is between the heaven and the earth. And Allah is above all of that, and nothing from the deeds of the children of Adam is hidden from Him."
كُنَّا جُلُوسًا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْبَطْحَاءِ فَمَرَّتْ سَحَابَةٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَتَدْرُونَ مَا هَذَا؟» فَقُلْنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ فَقَالَ «السَّحَابُ» فَقُلْنَا السَّحَابُ فَقَالَ «وَالْمُزْنُ» فَقُلْنَا وَالْمُزْنُ فَقَالَ «وَالْعَنَانُ» فَسَكَتَ ثُمَّ قَالَ «أَتَدْرُونَ كَمْ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ؟» فَقُلْنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ فَقَالَ «بَيْنَهُمَا مَسِيرَةُ خَمْسِ مِائَةِ سَنَةٍ وَمِنْ كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الَّتِي تَلِيهَا مَسِيرَةُ خَمْسِ مِائَةِ سَنَةٍ وَكِثَفُ كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ خَمْسُ مِائَةِ سَنَةٍ وَفَوْقَ السَّمَاءِ السَّابِعَةِ بَحْرٌ بَيْنَ أَعْلَاهُ وَأَسْفَلِهِ كَمَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاللَّهُ فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ وَلَيْسَ يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَعْمَالِ بَنِي آدَمَ شَيْءٌ»
[Machine] "While we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the battle of Tabuk, the heat was intense and the people scattered. As I looked, I saw the closest person to me was the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . So, I approached him and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, tell me about an action that will admit me to Paradise and distance me from the Fire.' He said, 'You have asked about something great, yet it is easy for those to whom Allah makes it easy. Worship Allah and do not associate anything with Him, establish the obligatory prayers, give the obligatory charity, and fast in Ramadan.' He said, 'Shall I not inform you of the gates of Paradise?' I said, 'Certainly, O Messenger of Allah.' He said, 'Fasting is a shield, charity extinguishes sins like water extinguishes fire, and a person's standing in prayer at night seeking the pleasure of Allah.' Then he recited the verse: 'Their sides forsake their beds, calling upon their Lord in fear and aspiration, and from what We have provided them, they spend.' [Qur'an 32:16] He said, 'Shall I inform you of the foundation, pillar, and peak of all this?' I said, 'Certainly, O Messenger of Allah.' He said, 'The foundation is Islam, the pillar is prayer, and the peak is Jihad in the cause of Allah. And shall I inform you of the controlling factor in all this?' I said, 'Certainly, O Messenger of Allah.' He pointed with his finger towards his mouth and said, 'Restrain this.' I asked, 'O Messenger of Allah, will we be held accountable for what we say with our tongues?' He said, 'May your mother lose you! Is there anything that causes people to fall into Hell on their faces except for the harvest of their tongues?' This is the wording of the Hadith of Jarir, and Abu Ishaq Al-Fazari did not mention the Hukm bin 'Utbah in his version of the Hadith."
بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ وَقَدْ أَصَابَ الْحَرُّ فَتَفَرَّقَ الْقَوْمُ حَتَّى نَظَرْتُ فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَقْرَبُهُمْ مِنِّي قَالَ فَدَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنْبِئْنِي بِعَمَلٍ يُدْخِلُنِي الْجَنَّةَ وَيُبَاعِدُنِي مِنَ النَّارِ قَالَ «لَقَدْ سَأَلْتَ عَنْ عَظِيمٍ وَإِنَّهُ لَيَسِيرٌ عَلَى مَنْ يَسَّرَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ تَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلَاةَ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ وَتُؤْتِي الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ» قَالَ «وَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْبَأْتُكَ بِأَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ» قُلْتُ أَجَلْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ «الصَّوْمُ جُنَّةٌ وَالصَّدَقَةُ تُكَفِّرُ الْخَطِيئَةَ وَقِيَامُ الرَّجُلِ فِي جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ يَبْتَغِي وَجْهَ اللَّهِ» قَالَ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ {تَتَجَافَى جُنُوبُهُمْ عَنِ الْمَضَاجِعِ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُمْ خَوْفًا وَطَمَعًا وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ} [السجدة 16] قَالَ «وَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْبَأْتُكَ بِرَأْسِ الْأَمْرِ وَعَمُودِهِ وَذُرْوَةِ سَنَامِهِ» قَالَ قُلْتُ أَجَلْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ «أَمَّا رَأْسُ الْأَمْرِ فَالْإِسْلَامُ وَأَمَّا عَمُودُهُ فَالصَّلَاةُ وَأَمَّا ذِرْوَةُ سَنَامِهِ فَالْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْبَأْتُكَ بِمِلَاكِ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ» فَسَكَتَ فَإِذَا رَاكِبَانِ يُوضِعَانَ قِبَلَنَا فَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يَشْغَلَاهُ عَنْ حَاجَتِي قَالَ فَقُلْتُ مَا هُوَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ «فَأَهْوَى بِإِصْبَعِهِ إِلَى فِيهِ» قَالَ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَإِنَّا لَنُؤَاخَذُ بِمَا نَقُولُ بِأَلْسِنَتِنَا؟ قَالَ «ثَكِلَتْكَ أُمُّكَ ابْنَ جَبَلٍ هَلْ يَكُبُّ النَّاسَ عَلَى مَنَاخِرِهِمْ فِي جَهَنَّمَ إِلَّا حَصَائِدُ أَلْسِنَتِهِمْ؟» هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ جَرِيرٍ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِهِ الْحَكَمَ بْنَ عُتَيْبَةَ
[Machine] While we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , he was describing Paradise until he finished and then said, "In it are things that no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and no human heart can comprehend." Then he recited the verse, "Their sides forsake their beds" [Surah As-Sajdah 32:16] until the end of the verse. Abu Sakhir then mentioned it to Al-Qurazi, who said, "They have hidden their deeds for Allah and Allah has hidden their rewards for them. They have advanced towards Allah, and that is when those eyes were softened."
بَيْنَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَصِفُ الْجَنَّةَ حَتَّى انْتَهَى ثُمَّ قَالَ فِيهَا مَا لَا عَيْنٌ رَأَتْ وَلَا أُذُنٌ سَمِعَتْ وَلَا خَطَرَ عَلَى قَلْبِ بَشَرٍ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {تَتَجَافَى جُنُوبُهُمْ عَنِ الْمَضَاجِعِ} [السجدة 16] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ أَبُو صَخْرٍ فَذَكَرْتُهُ لِلْقُرَظِيِّ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُمْ أَخْفَوْا لِلَّهِ عَمَلًا وَأَخْفَى لَهُمْ ثَوَابًا فَقَدِمُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ فَقَرَّتْ تِلْكَ الْأَعْيُنُ
[Machine] "It is written in the Torah, 'Indeed, Allah has prepared for those whose hearts recoil from evil acts - unseen [in this world] - what no eye has seen and no ear has heard and what has never occurred to the heart of a human being. Such is the reward for what they used to do.' [As-Sajdah 32:17]."
أَنَّهُ مَكْتُوبٌ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ لَقَدْ أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لِلَّذِينَ تَتَجَافَى جُنُوبُهُمْ عَنِ الْمَضَاجِعِ مَا لَمْ تَرَ عَيْنٌ وَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ أُذُنٌ وَلَمْ يَخْطِرْ عَلَى قَلْبِ بَشَرٍ وَلَا يَعْلَمُهُ نَبِيٌّ مُرْسَلٌ وَلَا مَلَكٌ مُقَرَّبٌ قَالَ نَحْنُ نَقْرَؤُهَا {فَلَا تَعْلَمُ نَفْسٌ مَا أُخْفِيَ لَهُمْ مِنْ قُرَّةِ أَعْيُنٍ جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ} [السجدة 17]
[Machine] "From Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him): 'And We will surely let them taste the nearer punishment short of the greater punishment.' [Quran 32:21] He (Prophet Muhammad) said, 'On the Day of Badr.'"
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ {وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُمْ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ الْأَدْنَى دُونَ الْعَذَابِ الْأَكْبَرِ} [السجدة 21] قَالَ «يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ»
Nothing is better than the gift of patience
that he heard the Prophet ﷺ say, “A servant ˹of God˺ is not provided a thing better and more expansive for him than patience.”
أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ «مَا رُزِقَ عَبْدٌ خَيْرًا لَهُ وَلَا أَوْسَعَ مِنَ الصَّبْرِ»
[Machine] "On the day of Badr, victory was granted to the Prophet ﷺ, and the faith of those who disbelieved did not avail them after death."
«يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ فُتِحَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَلَمْ يَنْفَعِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِيمَانُهُمْ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ»