23. Book of Quranic Exegesis (Tafsīr)
٢٣۔ كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ
"Blessed is the One Whose hearing encompasses all things. I heard some of the words of Khawlah bint Tha'labah, but some of her words were not clear to me, when she complained to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about her husband, and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, ﷺ he has consumed my youth and I split my belly for him (i.e., bore him many children), but when I grew old and could no longer bear children he declared Zihar upon me; O Allah, I complain to You.' She continued to complain until Jibra'il brought down these Verses: 'Indeed Allah has heard the statement of she who pleads with you (O Muhammad) concerning her husband, and complains to Allah" (58:1) (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2063)
عَائِشَةُ تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي وَسِعَ سَمْعُهُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ إِنِّي لَأَسْمَعُ كَلَامَ خَوْلَةَ بِنْتِ ثَعْلَبَةَ وَيَخْفَى عَلَيَّ بَعْضُهُ وَهِيَ تَشْتَكِي زَوْجَهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهِيَ تَقُولُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَكَلَ شَبَابِي وَنَثَرْتُ لَهُ بَطْنِي حَتَّى إِذَا كَبِرَتْ سِنِّي وَانْقَطَعَ لَهُ وَلَدِي ظَاهَرَ مِنِّي اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَشْكُو إِلَيْكَ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَمَا بَرِحَتْ حَتَّى نَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِهَؤُلَاءِ الْآيَاتِ {قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا} [المجادلة 1] قَالَ وَزَوْجُهَا أَوْسُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ
Khawlah was the wife of Aws ibn as-Samit; he was a man immensely given to sexual intercourse. When his desire for intercourse was intensified, he made his wife like his mother's back. So Allah, the Exalted, sent down Qur'anic verses relating to expiation for zihar. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2219)
«أَنَّ جَمِيلَةَ كَانَتِ امْرَأَةَ أَوْسِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ وَكَانَ أَوْسٌ امْرَءًا بِهِ لَمَمٌ فَإِذَا اشْتَدَّ لَمَمُهُ ظَاهَرَ مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ كَفَّارَةَ الظِّهَارِ»
[Machine] "God raises those who have been given knowledge among the believers above those who have not been given knowledge with degrees."
«يَرْفَعُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُؤْتَوُا الْعِلْمَ دَرَجَاتٍ»
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said, "Verily, in the Book of Allah, there is a verse that no one acted upon before or after me, except for the verse of confidential talk. 'O you who have believed, when you converse privately with the Messenger, present before your consultation a charity.' [Al-Mujadila 58:12] The verse was truthful. I had a dinar, so I sold it for ten dirhams and I consulted with the Prophet, peace be upon him. So every time I consulted with the Prophet, peace be upon him, I would present a dirham before my confidential talk. Then the verse was abrogated and no one acted upon it. And then the verse was revealed 'Are you afraid to present before your consultation charities?' [Al-Mujadilah 58:13]
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِنَّ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ لَآيَةً مَا عَمِلَ بِهَا أَحَدٌ وَلَا يَعْمَلُ بِهَا أَحَدٌ بَعْدِي آيَةُ النَّجْوَى» {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نَاجَيْتُمُ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْوَاكُمْ} [المجادلة 12] صَدَقَةً الْآيَةَ قَالَ كَانَ عِنْدِي دِينَارٌ فَبِعْتُهُ بِعَشَرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ فَنَاجَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَكُنْتُ كُلَّمَا نَاجَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَدَّمْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْوَايَ دِرْهَمًا ثُمَّ نُسِخَتْ فَلَمْ يَعْمَلْ بِهَا أَحَدٌ فَنَزَلَتْ {أَأَشْفَقْتُمْ أَنْ تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْوَاكُمْ صَدَقَاتٍ} [المجادلة 13] الْآيَةَ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was in a room and the shade was about to disappear. So, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "A man will come to you who will look at you with the eye of Satan, so when he comes to you, do not speak to him." It was not long before a man, blue-skinned and blind in one eye, appeared to them. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw him, he called him and said, "You and your companions curse me, so leave me to give them to you." So, he left and called them and they swore by what they said and did until they betrayed him. Then Allah, the Almighty, revealed, "On the Day when Allah will resurrect them all and they swear to Him as they swear to you and think that they are [standing] on something. No! Indeed, they are liars." (Surah Al-Mujadila, 58:18)
كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ظِلِّ حُجْرَةٍ وَقَدْ كَادَ الظِّلُّ أَنْ يَتَقَلَّصَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِنَّهُ سَيَأْتِيكُمْ إِنْسَانٌ فَيَنْظُرُ إِلَيْكُمْ بِعَيْنِ شَيْطَانٍ فَإِذَا جَاءَكُمْ لَا تُكَلِّمُوهُ» فَلَمْ يَلْبَثُوا أَنْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَجُلٌ أَزْرَقُ أَعْوَرُ فَقَالَ حِينَ رَآهُ دَعَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ «عَلَى مَا تَشْتُمُنِي أَنْتَ وَأَصْحَابُكَ» فَقَالَ ذَرْنِي آتِكَ بِهِمْ فَانْطَلَقَ فَدَعَاهُمْ فَحَلَفُوا مَا قَالُوا وَمَا فَعَلُوا حَتَّى يُخَوَّنَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷻ {يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا فَيَحْلِفُونَ لَهُ كَمَا يَحْلِفُونَ لَكُمْ وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَى شَيْءٍ أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْكَاذِبُونَ} [المجادلة 18]
"Abu Ad-Darda said to me: 'Where do you live?' I said: 'In a town near Hims.' Abu Ad-Darda said: 'I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "There are no three people in a town or encampment among whom prayer is not established, but the Shaitan takes control of them. Therefore, stick to the congregation, for the wolf eats the sheep that strays off on its own." (One of the narrators (As Sa'ib) said: "The congregation means the congregational prayer." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 847)
قَالَ لِي أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ أَيْنَ مَسْكَنُكَ؟ فَقُلْتُ فِي قَرْيَةٍ دُونَ حِمْصَ فَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «مَا مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ فِي قَرْيَةٍ وَلَا بَدْوٍ لَا تُقَامُ فِيهِمُ الصَّلَاةُ إِلَّا قَدِ اسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّيْطَانُ فَعَلَيْكَ بِالْجَمَاعَةِ فَإِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ الذِّئْبُ الْقَاصِيَةَ»