23. Book of Quranic Exegesis (Tafsīr)
٢٣۔ كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ
[Machine] "Empty of everything except the mention of Musa. It almost revealed his secret." (Surah Al-Qasas 10)
He said, "O my son, do not disclose your affair to anyone." And she commanded her sister to observe him. (Surah Al-Qasas 11)
Seek his trace. And We had forbidden him from accepting any wet nurse before. (Surah Al-Qasas 12)
He said, "No one will breastfeed him except that I am around."
«فَارِغًا مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ غَيْرِ ذِكْرِ مُوسَى» {إِنْ كَادَتْ لَتُبْدِي بِهِ} [القصص 10] قَالَ «أَنْ تَقُولَ يَا بُنَيَّاهُ» {وَقَالَتْ لِأُخْتِهِ قُصِّيهِ} [القصص 11] ابْتَغِي أَثَرَهُ {وَحَرَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِ الْمَرَاضِعَ مِنْ قَبْلُ} [القصص 12] قَالَ «لَا يُؤْتَى بِمُرْضِعٍ فَيَقْبَلُهَا»
[Machine] "'Umar narrated: "Then one of them came to him walking modestly.'"
"Allah said, 'She was walking shyly, in modesty." (Surah Al-Qasas 25)
"He said, 'She used to come to me in obedience, respect, and modesty. She would put her hand on her face.'"
"Musa stood up with her and said, 'Walk behind me and guide me to the way. I will walk ahead of you, for we do not look at the backs of women.'"
"Then she said, 'O my father, hire him. Truly, the best you can hire is the strong, trustworthy one.' (Surah Al-Qasas 26)"
"When she saw his strength and what he said to her, her desire for him increased. So she added, 'Indeed, I want to marry one of your daughters on the condition that you work for me for eight years. If you complete ten, it will be from you, and I do not want to make things difficult for you. You will find me, God willing, one of the righteous.' (Surah Al-Qasas 27)"
"Meaning, in good companionship and fulfilling what I have asked."
"Musa said, 'This is a deal between you and me. Whichever of the two terms I complete, there will be no injustice towards me.' (Surah Al-Qasas 28)"
"He said, 'Yes, Allah is a witness to what we say.' So Musa married her and stayed with her. She sufficed him and took care of his sheep and whatever he needed from her. Then he married Safura, her sister or her half-sister, who used to follow them diligently."
"This narration is authentic according to the conditions set by Al-Bukhari and Muslim."
عَنْ عُمَرَ {فَجَاءَتْهُ إِحْدَاهُمَا تَمْشِي عَلَى اسْتِحْيَاءٍ} [القصص 25] قَالَ كَانَتْ تَجِيءُ وَهِيَ خَرَّاجَةٌ وَلَّاجَةٌ وَاضِعَةٌ يَدَهَا عَلَى وَجْهِهَا فَقَامَ مَعَهَا مُوسَى وَقَالَ لَهَا امْشِي خَلْفِي وَانْعَتِي لِيَ الطَّرِيقَ وَأَنَا أَمْشِي أَمَامَكَ فَإِنَّا لَا نَنْظُرُ فِي أَدْبَارِ النِّسَاءِ ثُمَّ قَالَتْ {يَا أَبَتِ اسْتَأْجِرْهُ إِنَّ خَيْرَ مَنِ اسْتَأْجَرْتَ الْقَوِيُّ الْأَمِينُ} [القصص 26] لِمَا رَأَتْهُ مِنْ قُوَّتِهِ وَلِقَوْلِهِ لَهَا مَا قَالَ فَزَادَهُ ذَلِكَ فِيهِ رَغْبَةً فَقَالَ {إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُنْكِحَكَ إِحْدَى ابْنَتَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ عَلَى أَنْ تَأْجُرَنِي ثَمَانِيَ حِجَجٍ فَإِنْ أَتْمَمْتَ عَشْرًا فَمِنْ عِنْدَكَ وَمَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَشُقَّ عَلَيْكَ سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ} [القصص 27] أَيْ فِي حُسْنِ الصُّحْبَةِ وَالْوَفَاءِ بِمَا قُلْتُ قَالَ مُوسَى {ذَلِكَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ أَيُّمَا الْأَجَلَيْنِ قَضَيْتُ فَلَا عُدْوَانَ عَلَيَّ} [القصص 28] قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مَا نَقُولُ وَكِيلٌ فَزَوَّجَهُ وَأَقَامَ مَعَهُ يَكْفِيهِ وَيَعْمَلُ لَهُ فِي رِعَايَةِ غَنَمِهِ وَمَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْهُ وَزَوَّجَهُ صَفُورَةَ أَوْ أُخْتَهَا شَرْقَاءَ وَهُمَا اللَّتَانِ كَانَتَا تَذُودَانِ «صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ الشَّيْخَيْنِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجَاهُ» على شرط البخاري ومسلم
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was asked, "Which of the two lives did Moses complete?" He replied, "The furthest and the sweetest."
سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَيُّ الْأَجَلَيْنِ قَضَى مُوسَى؟ قَالَ قَالَ «أَبْعَدَهُمَا وَأَطْيَبَهُمَا» حفص واه
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ asked Gabriel, "Which of the two terms did Moses complete?" He replied, "He completed both of them."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سَأَلَ جِبْرِيلَ أَيَّ الْأَجَلَيْنِ قَضَى مُوسَى؟ قَالَ «أَتَمَّهُمَا»
[Machine] "I have never performed a prayer without hoping that it would serve as an expiation for the one before it."
«مَا صَلَّيْتُ صَلَاةً إِلَّا وَأَنَا أَرْجُو أَنْ تَكُونَ كَفَّارَةً لِلَّتِي أَمَامَهَا»
[Machine] "From the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , he said, 'Allah has never destroyed a people, a generation, a nation, or the people of a village since He revealed the Torah on the face of the earth with a punishment from the sky, except for the people of the village that were transformed into monkeys. Have you not seen His saying, {And We had certainly given Moses the Scripture after We had destroyed the former generations as enlightenment for the people and guidance and mercy that they might be reminded} [Qasas: 43].' This hadith is authentic according to the conditions of the two sheikhs (Bukhari and Muslim) and they did not include it in their compilations."
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَا أَهْلَكَ اللَّهُ قَوْمًا وَلَا قَرْنًا وَلَا أُمَّةً وَلَا أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ مُنْذُ أَنْزَلَ التَّوْرَاةَ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ بِعَذَابٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ غَيْرَ أَهْلِ الْقَرْيَةِ الَّتِي مُسِخَتْ قِرَدَةً أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا أَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُونَ الْأُولَى بَصَائِرَ لِلنَّاسِ وَهَدًى وَرَحْمَةً لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ} [القصص 43] «صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ الشَّيْخَيْنِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجَاهُ» على شرط البخاري ومسلم
[Machine] Abu Hurairah said, "I was not with them at the Mount (Tur) when We called out to them (saying) 'O Muhammad, respond to (the call of) your nation!' I had already responded to you before you even called upon Me, and I had already granted you before you even asked from Me."
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ {وَمَا كُنْتَ بِجَانِبِ الطُّورِ إِذْ نَادَيْنَا} [القصص 46] قَالَ «نُودُوا يَا أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ اسْتَجَبْتُ لَكُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَدْعُونِي وَأَعْطَيْتُكُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَسْأَلُونِيَ»
[Machine] When Moses came to his people, he commanded them to pay zakat, so Qarun gathered them and said to them, "He has come to you with prayer, and he has come to you with things, so you bear the burden of giving him your wealth." They said, "We cannot bear to give him our wealth. What do you suggest?" He said, "I suggest that I be sent to the oppressor of the Children of Israel, and we send it to him, and he will be deceived by it as if he desired it for himself." So Moses invoked Allah against them and commanded the earth to obey him. Moses said to the earth, "Take them," and it took them by their ankles. They said, "O Moses, O Moses." Then he said to the earth, "Take them," and it took them by their knees. They said, "O Moses, O Moses." Then he said, "To the earth, take them," and it took them by their necks. They said, "O Moses, O Moses." Then he said to the earth, "Take them," and it seized them and disappeared them. Then Allah revealed to Moses, "O Moses, My servants have asked of you and entreated you, but you did not respond to them. By My honor, if they had called upon Me, I would have answered them." Ibn Abbas said, "That is the saying of Allah, 'So We caused the earth to swallow him and his dwelling place.'" (Quran 28:81) The earth swallowed him and brought him down to the lowest ground.
لَمَّا أَتَى مُوسَى قَوْمَهُ أَمَرَهُمْ بِالزَّكَاةِ فَجَمَعَهُمْ قَارُونُ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ «جَاءَكُمْ بِالصَّلَاةِ وَجَاءَكُمْ بِأَشْيَاءَ فَاحْتَمَلْتُمُوهَا فَتَحَمَّلُوا أَنْ تُعْطُوهُ أَمْوَالَكُمْ» فَقَالُوا لَا نَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ نُعْطِيَهُ أَمْوَالَنَا فَمَا تَرَى؟ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ أَرَى أَنْ أُرْسِلَ إِلَى بَغِيِّ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فَنُرْسِلَهَا إِلَيْهِ فَتَرْمِيَهُ بِأَنَّهُ أَرَادَهَا عَلَى نَفْسِهَا فَدَعَا مُوسَى عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ الْأَرْضَ أَنْ تُطِيعَهُ فَقَالَ مُوسَى لِلْأَرْضِ خُذِيهِمْ فَأَخَذَتْهُمْ إِلَى أَعْقَابِهِمْ فَجَعَلُوا يَقُولُونَ يَا مُوسَى يَا مُوسَى ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْأَرْضِ «خُذِيهِمْ فَأَخَذَتْهُمْ إِلَى رُكَبِهِمْ» فَجَعَلُوا يَقُولُونَ يَا مُوسَى يَا مُوسَى ثُمَّ قَالَ «لِلْأَرْضِ خُذِيهِمْ فَأَخَذَتْهُمْ إِلَى أَعْنَاقِهِمْ» فَجَعَلُوا يَقُولُونَ يَا مُوسَى يَا مُوسَى فَقَالَ لِلْأَرْضِ خُذِيهِمْ فَأَخَذَتْهُمْ فَغَيَّبَتْهُمْ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى مُوسَى يَا مُوسَى سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي وَتَضَرَّعُوا إِلَيْكَ فَلَمْ تُجِبْهُمْ وَعِزَّتِي لَوْ أَنَّهُمْ دَعَوْنِي لَأَجَبْتُهُمْ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷻ {فَخَسَفْنَا بِهِ وَبِدَارِهِ الْأَرْضَ} [القصص 81] خُسِفَ بِهِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ السُّفْلَى