23. Book of Quranic Exegesis (Tafsīr)
٢٣۔ كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ
[Machine] I heard Abu Darda' say that there will come a people who will recite the verse "Alif Lam Meem. The Romans have been defeated" [Surah Ar-Rum: 2], and it is only defeated "with sound chain of narrators, and they have not produced it" authentic.
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الدَّرْدَاءِ يَقُولُ سَيَجِيءُ قَوْمٌ يَقْرَءُونَ {الم غَلَبَتِ الرُّومُ} [الروم 2] وَإِنَّمَا هِيَ غُلِبَتْ «صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجَاهُ» صحيح
from Ibn 'Abbas, regarding the saying of Allah, Most High: Alif Lam Mim. The Romans have been defeated. In the nearest land (30:1-3)" he said: "Ghulibat wa Ghalabat (defeated and then victorious)." He said: "The idolaters wanted the Persians to be victorious over the Romans because they too were people who worshiped idols, while the Muslims wanted the Romans to be victorious over the Persians because they were people of the Book. This was mentioned to Abu Bakr, so Abu Bakr mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he said: 'They will certainly prevail.' Abu Bakr mentioned that to them, and they said: 'Make a wager between us and you; if we win, we shall get this and that, and if you win, you shall get this or that.' He made the term five years, but they (the Romans) were not victorious. They mentioned that to the Prophet ﷺ and he said: "Why did you not make it less (than)" - He (one of the narrators said): I think he said: "ten?" He said: Sa'eed said: "Al-Bid' is what is less than then" - he said: "Afterwards the Romans have been victorious." He said: "That is what Allah Most High said: 'Alif Lam Mim. The Romans have been defeated' up to His saying: 'And on the day, the believers will rejoice - with the help of Allah. He helps whom He wills (30:1-5).' Sufyan said: "I heard that they were victorious over them on the Day of Badr." (Using translation from Tirmidhī 3193)
أَنْ تَظْهَرَ الرُّومُ عَلَى فَارِسَ لِأَنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ وَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ تَظْهَرَ فَارِسُ عَلَى الرُّومِ لِأَنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ أَوْثَانٍ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «أَمَا إِنَّهُمْ سَيَهْزِمُونَ» فَذَكَرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالُوا اجْعَلْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ أَجَلًا فَإِنْ ظَهَرُوا كَانَ لَكَ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَإِنْ ظَهَرْنَا كَانَ لَنَا كَذَا وَكَذَا فَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمْ أَجَلَ خَمْسِ سِنِينَ فَلَمْ يَظْهَرُوا فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ «أَلَا جَعَلْتَهُ أُرَاهُ» قَالَ دُونَ الْعَشَرَةِ قَالَ فَظَهَرَتِ الرُّومُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى {الم غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ فِي أَدْنَى الْأَرْضِ وَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِمْ سَيَغْلِبُونَ} [الروم 2] قَالَ فَغُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ ثُمَّ غَلَبَتْ بَعْدُ لِلَّهِ الْأَمْرُ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَمَنْ بَعْدُ وَيَوْمَئِذٍ يَفْرَحُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ بِنَصْرِ اللَّهِ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ وَسَمِعْتُ أَنَّهُمُ ظَهَرُوا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ
[Machine] Yes, he read, "So exalted is Allah when you reach evening." (Surah Ar-Rum, 17).
He said, the prayer of Maghrib, "And when you approach morning." (Surah Ar-Rum, 17).
The prayer of Fajr, "And (mention) the night and the day." (Surah Maryam, 11).
The prayer of Asr, "And when you appear (after being hidden)." (Surah Ar-Rum, 18).
The prayer of Dhuhr and he read, "And after the prayer at night there are three acts of indecency for you." (Surah An-Nur, 58).
نَعَمْ فَقَرَأَ {فَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ} [الروم 17] قَالَ صَلَاةُ الْمَغْرِبِ {وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ} [الروم 17] صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ {وَعَشِيًّا} [مريم 11] صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ {وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ} [الروم 18] صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ وَقَرَأَ {وَمِنْ بَعْدِ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ ثَلَاثُ عَوْرَاتٍ لَكُمْ} [النور 58]