from Ibn 'Abbas, regarding the saying of Allah, Most High: Alif Lam Mim. The Romans have been defeated. In the nearest land (30:1-3)" he said: "Ghulibat wa Ghalabat (defeated and then victorious)." He said: "The idolaters wanted the Persians to be victorious over the Romans because they too were people who worshiped idols, while the Muslims wanted the Romans to be victorious over the Persians because they were people of the Book. This was mentioned to Abu Bakr, so Abu Bakr mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he said: 'They will certainly prevail.' Abu Bakr mentioned that to them, and they said: 'Make a wager between us and you; if we win, we shall get this and that, and if you win, you shall get this or that.' He made the term five years, but they (the Romans) were not victorious. They mentioned that to the Prophet ﷺ and he said: "Why did you not make it less (than)" - He (one of the narrators said): I think he said: "ten?" He said: Sa'eed said: "Al-Bid' is what is less than then" - he said: "Afterwards the Romans have been victorious." He said: "That is what Allah Most High said: 'Alif Lam Mim. The Romans have been defeated' up to His saying: 'And on the day, the believers will rejoice - with the help of Allah. He helps whom He wills (30:1-5).' Sufyan said: "I heard that they were victorious over them on the Day of Badr."  

أَنْ يَظْهَرَ أَهْلُ فَارِسَ عَلَى الرُّومِ لأَنَّهُمْ وَإِيَّاهُمْ أَهْلُ أَوْثَانٍ وَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَظْهَرَ الرُّومُ عَلَى فَارِسَ لأَنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ فَذَكَرُوهُ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ فَذَكَرَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَمَا إِنَّهُمْ سَيَغْلِبُونَ فَذَكَرَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَهُمْ فَقَالُوا اجْعَلْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ أَجَلاً فَإِنْ ظَهَرْنَا كَانَ لَنَا كَذَا وَكَذَا وَإِنْ ظَهَرْتُمْ كَانَ لَكُمْ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَجَعَلَ أَجَلَ خَمْسِ سِنِينَ فَلَمْ يَظْهَرُوا فَذَكَرُوا ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَلاَ جَعَلْتَهُ إِلَى دُونِ قَالَ أُرَاهُ الْعَشْرِ قَالَ سَعِيدٌ وَالْبِضْعُ مَا دُونَ الْعَشْرِ قَالَ ثُمَّ ظَهَرَتِ الرُّومُ بَعْدُ قَالَ فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى ( الم * غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ (يفْرَحُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ * بِنَصْرِ اللَّهِ يَنْصُرُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ) قَالَ سُفْيَانُ سَمِعْتُ أَنَّهُمْ ظَهَرُوا عَلَيْهِمْ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ  

from Ibn 'Abbas, regarding the saying of Allah, Most High: Alif Lam Mim. The Romans have been defeated. In the nearest land (30:1-3)" he said: "Ghulibat wa Ghalabat (defeated and then victorious)." He said: "The idolaters wanted the Persians to be victorious over the Romans because they too were people who worshiped idols, while the Muslims wanted the Romans to be victorious over the Persians because they were people of the Book. This was mentioned to Abu Bakr, so Abu Bakr mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he said: 'They will certainly prevail.' Abu Bakr mentioned that to them, and they said: 'Make a wager between us and you; if we win, we shall get this and that, and if you win, you shall get this or that.' He made the term five years, but they (the Romans) were not victorious. They mentioned that to the Prophet ﷺ and he said: "Why did you not make it less (than)" - He (one of the narrators said): I think he said: "ten?" He said: Sa'eed said: "Al-Bid' is what is less than then" - he said: "Afterwards the Romans have been victorious." He said: "That is what Allah Most High said: 'Alif Lam Mim. The Romans have been defeated' up to His saying: 'And on the day, the believers will rejoice - with the help of Allah. He helps whom He wills (30:1-5).' Sufyan said: "I heard that they were victorious over them on the Day of Badr." (Using translation from Tirmidhī 3193)   

فِي قَوْلِهِ {الم غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ} [الروم 2] قَالَ غُلِبَتْ وَغَلَبَتْ قَالَ كَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ تَظْهَرَ فَارِسُ عَلَى الرُّومِ لِأَنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ أَوْثَانٍ وَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ تَظْهَرَ الرُّومُ عَلَى فَارِسَ لِأَنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ فَذَكَرُوهُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ فَذَكَرَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَمَا إِنَّهُمْ سَيَغْلِبُونَ قَالَ فَذَكَرَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَهُمْ فَقَالُوا اجْعَلْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ أَجَلًا فَإِنْ ظَهَرْنَا كَانَ لَنَا كَذَا وَكَذَا وَإِنْ ظَهَرْتُمْ كَانَ لَكُمْ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَجَعَلَ أَجَلًا خَمْسَ سِنِينَ فَلَمْ يَظْهَرُوا فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ أَبُو بَكْرٍلِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَلا جَعَلْتَهَا إِلَى دُونَ قَالَ أُرَاهُ قَالَ الْعَشْرِ؟ قَالَ قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ الْبِضْعُ مَا دُونَ الْعَشْرِ ثُمَّ ظَهَرَتِ الرُّومُ بَعْدُ قَالَ فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ {الم غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ} [الروم 1] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {وَيَوْمَئِذٍ يَفْرَحُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ} [الروم 4] قَالَ يَفْرَحُونَ {بِنَصْرِ اللهِ} [الروم 5]  

from Ibn 'Abbas, regarding the saying of Allah, Most High: Alif Lam Mim. The Romans have been defeated. In the nearest land (30:1-3)" he said: "Ghulibat wa Ghalabat (defeated and then victorious)." He said: "The idolaters wanted the Persians to be victorious over the Romans because they too were people who worshiped idols, while the Muslims wanted the Romans to be victorious over the Persians because they were people of the Book. This was mentioned to Abu Bakr, so Abu Bakr mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he said: 'They will certainly prevail.' Abu Bakr mentioned that to them, and they said: 'Make a wager between us and you; if we win, we shall get this and that, and if you win, you shall get this or that.' He made the term five years, but they (the Romans) were not victorious. They mentioned that to the Prophet ﷺ and he said: "Why did you not make it less (than)" - He (one of the narrators said): I think he said: "ten?" He said: Sa'eed said: "Al-Bid' is what is less than then" - he said: "Afterwards the Romans have been victorious." He said: "That is what Allah Most High said: 'Alif Lam Mim. The Romans have been defeated' up to His saying: 'And on the day, the believers will rejoice - with the help of Allah. He helps whom He wills (30:1-5).' Sufyan said: "I heard that they were victorious over them on the Day of Badr." (Using translation from Tirmidhī 3193)   

أَنْ تَظْهَرَ الرُّومُ عَلَى فَارِسَ لِأَنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ وَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ تَظْهَرَ فَارِسُ عَلَى الرُّومِ لِأَنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ أَوْثَانٍ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ فَذَكَرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَمَا إِنَّهُمْ سَيَهْزِمُونَ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَهُمْ فَقَالُوا اجْعَلْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ أَجَلًا فَإِنْ ظَهَرُوا كَانَ لَكَ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَإِنْ ظَهَرْنَا كَانَ لَنَا كَذَا وَكَذَا فَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمْ أَجَلًا خَمْسَ سِنِينَ فَلَمْ يَظْهَرُوا فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَلا جَعَلْتَهُ أُرَاهُ قَالَ دُونَ الْعَشْرِ قَالَ وَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ الْبِضْعُ مَا دُونَ الْعَشْرِ قَالَ فَظَهَرَتِ الرُّومُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى {الم غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ فِي أَدْنَى الْأَرْضِ وَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِمْ سَيَغْلِبُونَ فِي بِضْعِ سِنِينَ} [الروم 2] قَالَ فَغُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ ثُمَّ غَلَبَتْ بَعْدُ قَالَ {لِلَّهِ الْأَمْرُ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَمِنْ بَعْدُ وَيَوْمَئِذٍ يَفْرَحُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ بِنَصْرِ اللهِ} [الروم 4] قَالَ يَفْرَحُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ بِنَصْرِ اللهِ