[Machine] On the day of Badr, people were divided into three groups: one third were fighting the enemy, one third were gathering spoils and taking prisoners, and one third were guarding the messenger of Allah. When they gathered the spoils, they disagreed among themselves. Those who gathered them and took them said, "The messenger of Allah has given each of us what we have acquired, so it belongs to us and not to you." Those who were fighting the enemy and seeking them said, "By Allah, if it wasn't for us, you wouldn't have acquired anything. We occupied the enemy, and the guards said, "By Allah, you are not more deserving of it than us. We saw that we should fight the enemy when Allah gave us their backs and take the spoils when no one was preventing us. But we feared the enemy's surprise attack on the messenger of Allah, so we stayed with him." Allah took the spoils from our hands and gave them to the messenger of Allah. He distributed them equally, and there was no fifth share on that day. It was a day of God-consciousness, obedience to Allah and His messenger, and reconciliation among people.  

فِينَا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ نَزَلَتْ كَانَ النَّاسُ عَلَى ثَلَاثِ مَنَازِلٍ ثُلُثٌ يُقَاتِلُ الْعَدُوَّ وَثُلُثٌ يَجْمَعُ الْمَتَاعَ وَيَأْخُذُ الْأُسَارَى وَثُلُثٌ عِنْدَ الْخَيْمَةِ يَحْرُسُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا جَمَعَ الْمَتَاعَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ فَقَالَ الَّذِينَ جَمَعُوهُ وَأَخْذُوهُ قَدْ نَفَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كُلَّ امْرِئٍ مِنَّا مَا أَصَابَ فَهُوَ لَنَا دُونَكُمْ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَ الْعَدُوَّ وَيَطْلُبُونَهُ وَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا نَحْنُ مَا أَصَبْتُمُوهُ فَنَحْنُ شَغَلْنَا الْقَوْمَ وَقَالَ الْحَرَسُ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا لَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا أَنْ نُقَاتِلَ الْعَدُوَّ حِينَ مَنَحَنَا اللَّهُ أَكْتَافَهُمْ أَنْ نَأْخُذَ الْمَتَاعَ حِينَ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ يَمْنَعُ دُونَهُ وَلَكِنَّا خِفْنَا غِرَّةَ الْعَدُوَّ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقُمْنَا دُونَهُ قَالَ فَانْتَزَعَهَا اللَّهُ مِنْ أَيْدِينَا فَجَعَلَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ «فَقَسَمَهُ عَلَى السَّوَاءِ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ خُمُسٌ فَكَانَ فِيهِ تَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَطَاعَتُهُ وَطَاعَةُ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ وَصَلَاحُ ذَاتِ الْبَيْنِ»  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever does such and such or goes to such and such place, then he shall have such and such reward." So the young men rushed towards it, and the elders remained steadfast under the banners. When Allah granted them victory, the young men came seeking what was promised to them, and the elders said, "We were your support and stayed under the banners." So Allah, the Almighty, revealed, "They ask you about the spoils. Say, 'The spoils belong to Allah and the Messenger, so fear Allah and amend your relationship among yourselves.'" [Al-Anfal 1]  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَنْ فَعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا أَوْ أَتَى مَكَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَلَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا» فَتَسَارَعَ الشُّبَّانُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ وَثَبَتَ الشُّيُوخُ تَحْتَ الرَّايَاتِ فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ جَاءَ الشُّبَّانُ يَطْلُبُونَ مَا جُعِلَ لَهُمْ وَقَالَ الشُّيُوخُ إِنَّا كُنَّا رِدْأً لَكُمْ وَكُنَّا تَحْتَ الرَّايَاتِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷻ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال 1]  

"When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was finished at Badr, it was said to him: 'You have to get the caravan, you can not settle for less than that.' Al-'Abbas called out while he was bound up: 'There is no use.' He said: 'For Allah, Most High, has promised you one of the two parties, and He gave you what He promised you.' He said: 'He has said the truth.'" (Using translation from Tirmidhī 3080)   

لَمَّا فَرَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْقَتْلَى قِيلَ لَهُ عَلَيْكَ الْعِيرُ لَيْسَ دُونَهَا شَيْءٌ فَنَادَاهُ الْعَبَّاسُ وَهُوَ فِي وَثَاقِهِ أَنَّهُ لَا يَصْلُحُ لَكَ قَالَ «لِمَ؟» قَالَ «لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ وَعَدَكَ إِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ وَقَدْ أَنْجَزَ لَكَ مَا وَعَدَكَ»  

[Machine] Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said regarding this verse "And whoever turns them on their backs [in flight] on that day" [Al-Anfal 16], he said: It was revealed about us on the Day of Badr.  

عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ {وَمَنْ يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُ} [الأنفال 16] قَالَ نَزَلَتْ فِينَا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ  

[Machine] Ubayy ibn Khalaf came to the Prophet ﷺ on the day of Uhud and some believers intercepted him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered them to let him go, so Mus`ab ibn `Umayr, the brother of Bani Abd Ad-Dar, intercepted him and saw a slit in Ubayy's throat between his wide neck and his white armor. Mus`ab stabbed him with his spear, causing Ubayy to fall off his horse, but no blood came out from his stab; instead, it broke one of his ribs. His companions approached him while he was writhing in pain, and they said to him, "This is just a scratch, what made you so weak?" He reminded them of the words of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that he said, "Rather, I have slain Ubayy!" Then he said, "By the One in Whose Hand is my soul! If it was not for my status before Allah, the inhabitants of Dhi Al-Majaz would have all been killed." Ubayy died in the fire, a wretched fate for the people of Sa`ir before he could reach Makkah. Allah then revealed the Ayah: "And you threw not when you did throw, but Allah threw" (8:17).  

أَقْبَلَ أُبَيُّ بْنُ خَلَفٍ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يُرِيدُهُ فَاعْتَرَضَ رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَخَلَّوْا سَبِيلَهُ فَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ مُصْعَبُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ أَخُو بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ وَرَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تُرْقُوَةَ أُبَيٍّ مِنٍ فُرْجَةٍ بَيْنَ سَابِغَةِ الدِّرْعِ وَالْبَيْضَةِ فَطَعَنَهُ بِحَرْبَتِهِ فَسَقَطَ أُبَيٌّ عَنْ فَرَسِهِ وَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْ طَعْنَتِهِ دَمٌ فَكَسَرَ ضِلَعًا مِنْ أَضْلَاعِهِ فَأَتَاهُ أَصْحَابُهُ وَهُوَ يَخُورُ خُوَارَ الثَّوْرِ فَقَالُوا لَهُ مَا أَعْجَزَكَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ خَدْشٌ فَذَكَرَ لَهُمْ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ «بَلْ أَنَا أَقْتُلُ أُبَيًّا» ثُمَّ قَالَ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْ كَانَ هَذَا الَّذِي بِي بِأَهْلِ ذِي الْمَجَازِ لَمَاتُوا أَجْمَعِينَ فَمَاتَ أُبَيٌّ إِلَى النَّارِ فَسُحْقًا لِأَصْحَابِ السَّعِيرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدَمَ مَكَّةَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ {وَمَا رَمَيْتَ إِذْ رَمَيْتَ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ رَمَى} [الأنفال 17] الْآيَةُ  

[Machine] When the people met, they said: "O Allah, who among us should cut off the ties of kinship and give us what we do not know of its blessings?!" So that became the prelude. Then Allah revealed (in the Quran): "If you (believers) make preparations for a victory, it is only fitting that you first make a firm decision in your own minds, and then ask Allah to bless your efforts. If you do this, Allah will grant you victory" (Quran 8:19), up to His saying: "And that Allah is with the believers." (Quran 8:19)  

حِينَ الْتَقَى الْقَوْمُ اللَّهُمَّ أَيُّنَا كَانَ أَقْطَعَ لِلرَّحِمِ وَآتَانَا بِمَا لَا نَعْرِفُ فَاحْنِهِ الْغَدَاةَ فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ اسْتِفْتَاحَهُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ {إِنْ تَسْتَفْتِحُوا فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمُ الْفَتْحُ} [الأنفال 19] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ} [الأنفال 19]  

[Machine] "It prevents the disbeliever from embracing faith, and it prevents the believer from committing sins."  

فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷻ {يَحُولُ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَقَلْبِهِ} [الأنفال 24] قَالَ «يَحُولُ بَيْنَ الْكَافِرِ وَبَيْنَ الْإِيمَانِ وَيَحُولُ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَبَيْنَ الْمَعَاصِي»  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, gathered the Quraysh and said, "Is there anyone among you other than your own?" They said, "Among us is our nephew, and among us is our ally, and among us is our freed slave." He said, "Our ally is from us, and our nephew is from us, and our freed slave is from us. Indeed, my allies are the God-conscious among you."  

جَمَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قُرَيْشًا فَقَالَ «هَلْ فِيكُمْ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ؟» قَالُوا فِينَا ابْنُ أُخْتِنَا وَفِينَا حَلِيفُنَا وَفِينَا مَوْلَانَا فَقَالَ «حَلِيفُنَا مِنَّا وَابْنُ أُخْتِنَا مِنَّا وَمَوْلَانَا مِنَّا إِنَّ أَوْلِيَائِي مِنْكُمُ الْمُتَّقُونَ»  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "Prepare for them whatever power you can muster" [Surah Al-Anfal 8:60]. Surely, power lies in archery.  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ {وَأَعِدُّوا لَهُمْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ قُوَّةٍ} [الأنفال 60] أَلَا إِنَّ الْقُوَّةَ الرَّمْيَ  

[Machine] The womb surely gets cut off, and the blessings are surely disbelieved, and surely when Allah brings hearts close, nothing can separate them, and then He recited, "If you had spent all that is on earth, you could not have brought their hearts together" [Al-Anfal: 63].  

إِنَّ الرَّحِمَ لَتُقْطَعُ وَإِنَّ النِّعْمَةَ لَتُكْفَرُ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا قَارَبَ بَيْنَ الْقُلُوبِ لَمْ يُزَحْزِحْهَا شَيْءٌ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {لَوْ أَنْفَقْتَ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا مَا أَلَّفْتَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ} [الأنفال 63]  

[Machine] I met Aba Ishaq after he lost his sight, so I said to him, "Do you recognize me?" He replied, "Indeed, I know you and I love you." Then he said, "Abu Al-Ahwas narrated to me from Abdullah that he said, 'This verse was revealed about those who love for the sake of Allah,' {And if you should spend all that is in the earth, you could not have made affection between their hearts} [Al-Anfal 63]. The sentence 'This is the statement of Abu Hatim'."  

لَقِيتُ أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ بَعْدَمَا ذَهَبَ بَصَرُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَتَعْرِفُنِي؟ فَقَالَ إِنِّي لَأَعْرِفُكَ وَأُحِبُّكَ ثُمَّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي الْمُتَحَابِّينَ فِي اللَّهِ {لَوْ أَنْفَقْتَ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا مَا أَلَّفْتَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ} [الأنفال 63] الْآيَةُ «هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ»  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ consulted Abu Bakr regarding the captives. Abu Bakr said, "Your people and tribe are worthier. Let them go." Then, the Prophet ﷺ sought consultation from Umar, who said, "Kill them." The Prophet ﷺ preferred Abu Bakr's opinion and Allah revealed the verse, "It is not for a Prophet to have captives of war until he has thoroughly subdued the land [from disbelief and polytheism]" (Quran 8:67) until the verse, "So consume what you have taken of war booty [as being] lawful and good" (Quran 8:69). The Prophet ﷺ then met Umar and said, "You almost caused us a great calamity with your opinion."  

اسْتَشَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْأُسَارَى أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ قَوْمُكَ وَعَشِيرَتُكَ فَخَلِّ سَبِيلَهُمْ فَاسْتَشَارَ عُمَرُ فَقَالَ اقْتُلْهُمْ قَالَ فَفَدَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷻ {مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ} [الأنفال 67] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {فَكُلُوا مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا} [الأنفال 69] قَالَ فَلَقِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عُمَرَ قَالَ كَادَ أَنْ يُصِيبَنَا فِي خِلَافِكَ بَلَاءٌ  

[Machine] About the companions of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him), we indeed experienced the worldly life with the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him), so Allah Almighty revealed, "If there had not been a prescribed decree from Allah, the punishment would have come to you immediately for what you have taken. So expect it; surely, Allah’s promise will come true. And yet, some of them said to Sa'd: 'By Allah! He used to dislike you and call you Al-Akhnas.' Sa'd burst into laughter until his molars could be seen, and then he said: 'Does a person not find something in his brother's affairs that causes a strain between them, and he does not betray his trust nor hurt his feelings?'"  

عَنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِنَّا أَصَبْنَا دُنْيَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷻ {لَوْلَا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ} [الأنفال 68] فَأَرْجُو أَنْ تَكُونَ رَحْمَةً مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ سَبَقَتْ لَنَا فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فَوَاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ يُبْغِضُكَ وَيُسَمِّيكَ الْأَخْنَسَ فَضَحِكَ سَعْدٌ حَتَّى اسْتَعْلَاهُ الضَّحِكُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَلَيْسَ قَدْ يَجِدُ الْمَرْءُ عَلَى أَخِيهِ فِي الْأَمْرِ يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ ثُمَّ لَا يَبْلُغُ ذَلِكَ أَمَانَتَهُ وَذَكَرَ كَلِمَةً أُخْرَى