23. Book of Quranic Exegesis (Tafsīr)
٢٣۔ كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ
[Machine] About this verse, "you take from it intoxication and good provision" [An-Nahl 67], Al-Sakar refers to what is forbidden from its fruits, and good provision refers to what is permissible from its fruits.
عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ {تَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهُ سَكَرًا وَرِزْقًا حَسَنًا} [النحل 67] قَالَ السَّكَرُ مَا حُرِّمَ مِنْ ثَمَرِهَا وَالرِّزْقُ الْحَسَنُ مَا حَلَّ مِنْ ثَمَرِهَا
[Machine] Regarding Abdullah's statement, Allah says "sons and grandsons" [An-Nahl 72]. Al-Hafadah refers to two sisters.
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷻ {بَنِينَ وَحَفَدَةً} [النحل 72] قَالَ الْحَفَدَةُ الْأَخْتَانُ
[Machine] "Abdullah in the words of Allah, Almighty said: 'We have increased them in punishment above the punishment.' (Surah An-Nahl, 88) He said: 'The stingers of scorpions are like the long date palm branches.'"
عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷻ {زِدْنَاهُمْ عَذَابًا فَوْقَ الْعَذَابِ} [النحل 88] قَالَ عَقَارِبُ أَنْيَابِهَا كَالنَّخْلِ الطِّوَالِ
[Machine] I heard from Abdullah and I believe you or I'm telling you the truth. He said, "I heard Abdullah say that indeed in the Quran there is a verse in Surah An-Nahl that encompasses both good and evil. [It says]: 'Indeed, Allah orders justice and good conduct and giving to relatives and forbids immorality and bad conduct and oppression. He admonishes you that perhaps you will be reminded.'" He [the narrator] said, "You spoke the truth."
سَمِعْتَ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَأُصَدِّقُكَ أَوْ أُحَدِّثُكَ وَصَدِّقْنِي قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ إِنَّ أَجْمَعَ آيَةٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ لِلْخَيْرِ وَالشَّرِّ فِي سُورَةِ النَّحْلِ {إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلُ وَالْإِحْسَانِ وَإِيتَاءِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى وَيَنْهَى عَنِ الْفَحْشَاءِ وَالْمُنْكَرِ وَالْبَغْيِ يَعِظُكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذْكُرُونَ} [النحل 90] قَالَ صَدَقْتَ
The Prophet ﷺ said: There is no sin more fitted to have punishment meted out by Allah to its perpetrator in advance in this world along with what He stores up for him in the next world than oppression and severing ties of relationship. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4902)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَا مِنْ ذَنْبٍ أَجْدَرُ أَنْ تُعَجَّلَ لِصَاحِبِهِ الْعُقُوبَةُ فِي الدُّنْيَا مَعَ مَا يُدَّخَرُ لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْبَغِيِ وَقَطِيعَةِ الرَّحِمِ» صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجَاهُ صحيح
[Machine] "And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to supplicate and say, 'O Allah, suffice me with what You have provided me and bless it for me and replace every absent thing for me with something better.'"
وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدْعُو وَيَقُولُ «اللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِمَا رَزَقْتَنِي وَبَارِكْ لِي فِيهِ وَاخْلُفْ عَلَيَّ كُلَّ غَائِبَةٍ لِي بِخَيْرٍ»
[Machine] "And He said in Surah An-Nahl, 'And when We substitute a verse in place of another verse' (16:101) and He said in His statement, glorified be He, 'Then indeed, your Lord, to those who emigrated after they had been compelled [to renounce their religion] and thereafter fought [for the cause of Allah] and were patient, indeed, your Lord, after that, is forgiving and merciful' (16:110). The verse means that it is Abdullah bin Sa'd or someone else who used to be the governor of Egypt and he used to write on behalf of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, but then he defected and joined the disbelievers. So the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, ordered that he be killed on the Day of the Conquest. Uthman bin Affan sought his protection for him from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, granted him protection."
فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷻ {مَا نَنْسَخْ مِنْ آيَةٍ} [البقرة 106] الْآيَةُ وَقَالَ فِي سُورَةِ النَّحْلِ {وَإِذَا بَدَّلْنَا آيَةً مَكَانَ آيَةٍ} [النحل 101] وَقَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷻ {ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا فُتِنُوا} [النحل 110] الْآيَةُ قَالَ هُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدٍ أَوْ غَيْرُهُ الَّذِي كَانَ وَالِيًا بِمِصْرَ يَكْتُبُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَزَلَّ فَلَحِقَ بِالْكُفَّارِ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ فَاسْتَجَارَ لَهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَجَارَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ
[Machine] The polytheists took Ammar ibn Yasir and did not leave him until he cursed the Prophet ﷺ and mentioned their idols in a good way. Then they left him. When he came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , he asked, "What is behind you?" He said, "Evil, O Messenger of Allah. I was not left alone until I spoke ill of you and mentioned their idols in a good way." He said, "How do you find your heart?" He said, "Satisfied with faith." He said, "If they come back, then return."
أَخَذَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ عَمَّارَ بْنَ يَاسِرٍ فَلَمْ يَتْرُكُوهُ حَتَّى سَبَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَذَكَرَ آلِهَتَهُمْ بِخَيْرٍ ثُمَّ تَرَكُوهُ فَلَمَّا أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَا وَرَاءَكَ؟» قَالَ شَرٌّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا تُرِكْتُ حَتَّى نِلْتُ مِنْكَ وَذَكَرْتُ آلِهَتَهُمْ بِخَيْرٍ قَالَ «كَيْفَ تَجِدُ قَلْبَكَ؟» قَالَ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ قَالَ «إِنْ عَادُوا فَعُدْ»
[Machine] "Allah is the tongue to which the impenetrable speak, while this is a clear Arabic tongue. Indeed, those who do not believe in the signs of Allah fabricate lies."
فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷻ {إِنَّمَا يُعَلِّمُهُ بَشَرٌ لِسَانُ الَّذِي يُلْحِدُونَ إِلَيْهِ أَعْجَمِيٌّ وَهَذَا لِسَانٌ عَرَبِيٌّ مُبِينٌ} [النحل 103] قَالُوا إِنَّمَا يُعَلِّمُ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُ بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ وَهُوَ صَاحِبُ الْكُتُبِ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ {لِسَانُ الَّذِي يُلْحِدُونَ إِلَيْهِ أَعْجَمِيٌّ وَهَذَا لِسَانٌ عَرَبِيٌّ مُبِينٌ إِنَّمَا يَفْتَرِي الْكَذِبَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ}
[Machine] "Verily, those who do not believe in the signs of Allah are the ones who fabricate lies." [Surah An-Nahl 105] I have never mentioned this before, and I do not know it. Al-Dhahabi remained silent about it in his summary.
{إِنَّمَا يَفْتَرِي الْكَذِبَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ} [النحل 105] مَا حَدَّثْتُ بِهَذَا قَطُّ وَلَا أَعْرِفُهُسكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص
[Machine] "Ali, indeed you will be presented before my captor, so curse me. And if my innocence is presented to you, do not disown me. For I am steadfast upon Islam, so let one of you extend his neck for me. Curse be upon his mother, for he shall have no worldly life nor afterlife after leaving Islam. Then recite (except for those who are compelled [by necessity], while his heart is at rest with faith). [An-Nahl 106] . The chain of transmission is correct and it has not been excluded."
عَلِيٌّ إِنَّكُمْ سَتُعْرَضُونَ عَلَى سَبِّي فَسُبُّونِي فَإِنْ عُرِضَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْبَرَاءَةُ مِنِّي فَلَا تَبْرَءُوا مِنِّي فَإِنِّي عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَلْيَمْدُدْ أَحَدُكُمْ عُنُقَهُ ثَكِلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ فَإِنَّهُ لَا دُنْيَا لَهُ وَلَا آخِرَةَ بَعْدَ الْإِسْلَامِ ثُمَّ تَلَا {إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ} [النحل 106] «صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجَاهُ» صحيح
[Machine] "He (Ali) will have a day, O stone, where you will be erected after me and you will be commanded to curse me, so curse me and do not absolve me." Tawus said, "I saw the stone of the Madariyya and it was established by Ahmad ibn Ibrahim, the caliph of the Umayyads, in the mosque and he assigned it to curse Ali or to be killed." The stone said, "Indeed, the prince Ahmad ibn Ibrahim commanded me to curse Ali, so curse him, may Allah curse him." Tawus said, "Indeed, Allah has blinded their hearts to the extent that none of them stood against what he (the stone) said." Yahya al-Hamani is considered weak (in terms of reliability).
لَهُ عَلِيٌّ يَوْمًا يَا حُجْرُ إِنَّكَ «تُقَامُ بَعْدِي فَتُؤْمَرُ بِلَعْنِي فَالْعَنِّي وَلَا تَبْرَأْ مِنِّي» قَالَ طَاوُسٌ فَرَأَيْتُ حُجْرَ الْمَدَرِيَّ وَقَدْ أَقَامَهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيفَةُ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ فِي الْجَامِعِ وَوُكِّلَ بِهِ لِيَلْعَنَ عَلِيًّا أَوْ يُقْتَلَ فَقَالَ حُجْرٌ أَمَا إِنَّ الْأَمِيرَ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَلْعَنَ عَلِيًّا فَالْعَنُوهُ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ فَقَالَ طَاوُسٌ فَلَقَدْ أَعْمَى اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ حَتَّى لَمْ يَقِفْ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى مَا قَالَيحيى الحماني ضعيف
[Machine] Ishaq narrated from Abdur-Razzaq, who narrated from Thawri, who narrated from Firas, who narrated from Al-Sha'bi, who narrated from Masruq, who said, "I read with Abdullah ibn Mas'ud: 'Indeed, Ibrahim was an obedient nation to Allah' [16:120]. Ibn Mas'ud said, 'Mu'adh was an obedient nation.' They repeated this to him, and he repeated it. Then he said, 'Do you know what an obedient nation is? It is the one who teaches people goodness and is obedient to Allah and His Messenger.'"
ثنا إِسْحَاقُ أَنْبَأَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَنْبَأَ الثَّوْرِيُّ عَنْ فِرَاسٍ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ قَرَأْتُ عِنْدَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ {إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ كَانَ أُمَّةً قَانِتًا لِلَّهِ} [النحل 120] قَالَ فَقَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ إِنَّ مُعَاذًا كَانَ أُمَّةً قَانِتًا قَالَ فَأَعَادُوا عَلَيْهِ فَأَعَادَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَتَدْرُونَ مَا الْأُمَّةُ؟ الَّذِي يُعَلِّمُ النَّاسَ الْخَيْرَ وَالْقَانِتُ الَّذِي يُطِيعُ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ
"On the Day of Uhud, sixty-four of the Ansar were killed, and six from the Muhajirin, one of whom was Hamzah, and they mutilated them, so the Ansar said: 'If, (in the future) we are able to kill them on a day like this, we would mutilate from among them as twice as they (mutilate from among us).'" He said: "So on the day of the Conquest of Makkah, Allah revealed: And if you punish them, then punish them with the like of that with which you were afflicted. But if you have patience, then it is better for those who are patient (16:126). So a man said: 'There shall be no Quraish after today.' But the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Leave the people, except for four.'" (Using translation from Tirmidhī 3129)
لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ أُحُدٍ أُصِيبَ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَرْبَعَةٌ وَسِتُّونَ رَجُلًا وَمِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ سِتَّةٌ فَمَثَّلُوا بِهِمْ وَفِيهِمْ حَمْزَةُ فَقَالَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ لَئِنْ أَصَبْنَاهُمْ يَوْمًا مِثْلَ هَذَا لَنُرْبِيَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷻ {وَإِنْ عَاقَبْتُمْ فَعَاقِبُوا بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبْتُمْ بِهِ وَلَئِنْ صَبَرْتُمْ لَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لِلصَّابِرِينَ} [النحل 126] فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ لَا قُرَيْشَ بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «كُفُّوا عَنِ الْقَوْمِ غَيْرَ أَرْبَعَةٍ»