23. Book of Quranic Exegesis (Tafsīr)
٢٣۔ كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ
[Machine] He is similar to your saying, O Muhammad, in the language of Abyssinia.
فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷻ {طَهْ} [سورة طه آية رقم 1] قَالَ هُوَ كَقَوْلِكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ بِلِسَانِ الْحَبَشِ
[Machine] We were sitting with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Al-Bat-ha. Then a cloud passed by, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Do you know what this is?" We replied, "Allah and His Messenger know best." He said, "It is a cloud." We said, "Yes, a cloud." He said, "And it is a thunderstorm." We said, "And a thunderstorm." He said, "And it is raining." Then he remained silent and later asked, "Do you know how much distance is there between the heaven and the earth?" We replied, "Allah and His Messenger know best." He said, "Between them is a journey of five hundred years, and between every heaven to the next heaven is a journey of five hundred years, and the thickness of each heaven is a journey of five hundred years. And above the seventh heaven, there is a sea between its upper and lower boundaries, as much as between the heaven and the earth. And above that, there are eight Paradises in terms of height, with a distance between each one like that between the heaven and the earth. And Allah is above all of that, and nothing of the acts of the sons of Adam is hidden from Him."
كُنَّا جُلُوسًا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْبَطْحَاءِ فَمَرَّتْ سَحَابَةٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَتَدْرُونَ مَا هَذَا؟» فَقُلْنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ فَقَالَ «السَّحَابُ» فَقُلْنَا السَّحَابُ فَقَالَ «وَالْمُزْنُ» فَقُلْنَا وَالْمُزْنُ فَقَالَ «وَالْعَنَانُ» ثُمَّ سَكَتَ ثُمَّ قَالَ «تَدْرُونَ كَمْ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ؟» فَقُلْنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ فَقَالَ «بَيْنَهُمَا مَسِيرَةُ خَمْسِمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ وَبَيْنَ كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الَّتِي تَلِيهَا مَسِيرَةُ خَمْسِ مِائَةِ سَنَةٍ وَكِثَفُ كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ مَسِيرَةُ خَمْسِ مِائَةِ سَنَةٍ وَفَوْقَ السَّمَاءِ السَّابِعَةِ بَحْرٌ بَيْنَ أَعْلَاهُ وَأَسْفَلِهِ كَمَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ ثَمَانِيَةُ أَوْعَالٍ بَيْنَ رُكَبِهِمْ وَأَظْلَافِهِمْ كَمَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاللَّهُ فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَعْمَالِ بَنِي آدَمَ شَيْءٌ»
[Machine] About Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib's statement regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Glorious, "And He will carry the Throne of your Lord above them that Day, [i.e., the Day of Judgment], [the angels] on that Day will be eight [in number]" (Al-Haqqah 17), there are angels in the form of camels between the heavens and the earth, along with their riders, for a distance of thirty-six or fifty-six years.
عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ ﷻ {وَيَحْمِلُ عَرْشَ رَبِّكَ فَوْقَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ ثَمَانِيَةٌ} [الحاقة 17] أَمْلَاكٌ عَلَى صُورَةِ الْأَوْعَالِ بَيْنَ أَظْلَافِهِمْ وَرُكَبِهِمْ مَسِيرَةُ ثَلَاثٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً أَوْ خَمْسٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً
[Machine] "The secret" [Taha 7] that you do not know, and "the hidden" [Taha 7] that Allah has cast into your heart of things which you did not know.
فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى} [طه 7] قَالَ {السِّرُّ} [طه 7] مَا عَلِمْتَهُ أَنْتَ {وَأَخْفَى} [طه 7] مَا قَذَفَهُ اللَّهُ فِي قَلْبِكَ مِمَّا لَمْ تَعْلَمْهُ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "On the day when Allah spoke to Moses, he was wearing a woollen cloak, a woollen garment, woollen trousers, a woollen turban, and his sandals were made of the skin of a non-intelligent donkey."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يَوْمَ كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ جُبَّةٌ صُوفٌ وَكِسَاءٌ صُوفٌ وَسَرَاوِيلُ صُوفٌ وَكُمُّهُ صُوفٌ وَنَعْلَاهُ مِنْ جِلْدِ حِمَارٍ غَيْرِ ذَكِيٍّ»
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ used to often talk to us about the people of Bani Israeel during his nights, saying that they would only wake up for a great prayer.
كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «يُحَدِّثُنَا عَامَّةَ لَيْلِهِ عَنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ لَا يَقُومُ إِلَّا لَعَظِيمِ صَلَاةٍ»
[Machine] When Umm Kulthum, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , was placed in the grave, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "From it (the earth) we created you, and to it we shall return you, and from it we shall bring you forth once again, in the name of Allah and for the cause of Allah, and upon the religion of the Messenger of Allah." When the grave was built upon her, he patted the soil gently and said, "Cover it with moist clay." Then he said, "This is not anything, but it comforts the deceased." He did not speak about it (the soil), and it is a fabricated report because Ali ibn Yazid is an abandoned narrator.
لَمَّا وُضِعَتْ أُمُّ كُلْثُومِ بِنْتُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْقَبْرِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مِنْهَا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ وَفِيهَا نُعِيدُكُمْ وَمِنْهَا نُخْرِجُكُمْ تَارَةً أُخْرَى بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَعَلَى مِلَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ» فَلَمَّا بُنِيَ عَلَيْهَا لَحْدُهَا طَفِقَ يَطْرَحُ إِلَيْهِمُ الْحُبُوبَ وَيَقُولُ «سُدُّوا خِلَالَ اللَّبِنِ» ثُمَّ قَالَ «أَمَا هَذَا لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ وَلَكِنَّهُ يَطِيبُ بِنَفْسِ الْحَيِّ» لم يتكلم عليه وهو خبر واه لأن علي بن يزيد متروك
[Machine] When Moses rushed to his Lord, the Samaritan deliberately gathered the jewelry he could find from the children of Israel and made a calf from them. Then he struck it, and behold, it was a lowing calf. The Samaritan said to them, “This is your god and the god Moses.” Harun said to them, “O my people, did not your Lord promise you a good promise? But Samaritan had led them astray.” When Moses returned to the children of Israel and found that Samaritan had misled them, he took hold of his brother's head and said to him, “What did he say?” Moses said to the Samaritan, “What is your explanation?” The Samaritan said, “I seized a handful from the messenger's tracks and threw it away, and that is how my soul prompted me.” So Moses turned to the calf, infused it with his stick, and it became a cold corpse while he was on the shore of the river. No one drank from that water except those who used to worship the calf, and their faces turned yellow like gold. They said to Moses, “What is our repentance?” Moses said, “Some of you should kill others.” So they took their knives, and the man killed his father and his brother, caring not about who he killed, until seventy thousand were killed among them. Then Allah inspired Moses to instruct them to raise their hands, for He had forgiven those who were killed and repented of those who survived.
لَمَّا تَعَجَّلَ مُوسَى إِلَى رَبِّهِ عَمَدَ السَّامِرِيُّ فَجَمَعَ مَا قَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْحُلِيِّ حُلِيِّ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فَضَرَبَهُ عِجْلًا ثُمَّ أَلْقَى الْقَبْضَةَ فِي جَوْفِهِ فَإِذَا هُوَ عِجْلٌ لَهُ خُوَارٌ فَقَالَ لَهُمُ السَّامِرِيُّ هَذَا إِلَهُكُمْ وَإِلَهُ مُوسَى فَقَالَ لَهُمْ هَارُونُ يَا قَوْمِ أَلَمْ يَعِدُكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ وَعْدًا حَسَنًا فَلَمَّا أَنْ رَجَعَ مُوسَى إِلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَقَدْ أَضَلَّهُمُ السَّامِرِيُّ أَخَذَ بِرَأْسِ أَخِيهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ هَارُونُ مَا قَالَ فَقَالَ مُوسَى لِلسَّامِرِيِّ مَا خَطْبُكَ؟ قَالَ السَّامِرِيُّ قَبَضْتُ قَبْضَةً مِنْ أَثَرِ الرَّسُولِ فَنَبَذْتُهَا وَكَذَلِكَ سَوَّلَتْ لِي نَفْسِي قَالَ فَعَمَدَ مُوسَى إِلَى الْعِجْلِ فَوَضَعَ عَلَيْهِ الْمَبَارِدَ فَبَرَدَهُ بِهَا وَهُوَ عَلَى شِفِّ نَهَرٍ فَمَا شَرِبَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَاءِ مِمَّنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ ذَلِكَ الْعِجْلَ إِلَّا اصْفَرَّ وَجْهُهُ مِثْلَ الذَّهَبِ فَقَالُوا لِمُوسَى مَا تَوْبَتُنَا؟ قَالَ يَقْتُلُ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا فَأَخَذُوا السَّكَاكِينَ فَجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَقْتُلُ أَبَاهُ وَأَخَاهُ وَلَا يُبَالِي مَنْ قَتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفًا فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى مُوسَى مُرْهُمْ فَلْيَرْفَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ فَقَدْ غَفَرْتُ لِمَنْ قُتِلَ وَتُبْتُ عَلَى مَنْ بَقِيَ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "May Allah have mercy on Moses. Seeing something firsthand is not like hearing about it from someone else. His Lord informed him that his people were being tempted after him, so he did not cast down the Tablets. When he saw them and witnessed their actions, he threw down the Tablets and said, 'May Allah have mercy on Moses, if he had not rushed, he would have heard something different from what he heard.'"
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ مُوسَى لَيْسَ الْمُعَايِنُ كَالْمُخْبَرِ أَخْبَرَهُ رَبُّهُ أَنَّ قَوْمَهُ فُتِنُوا بَعْدَهُ فَلَمْ يُلْقِ الْأَلْوَاحَ فَلَمَّا رَآهُمْ وَعَايَنَهُمْ أَلْقَى الْأَلْوَاحَ وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «رَحِمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى لَوْ لَمْ يُعَجِّلْ لَقُصَّ مِنْ حَدِيثِهِ غَيْرُ الَّذِي قُصَّ»
[Machine] "God created Adam from the dust of the entire earth, thus he was called Adam. Ibrahim ibn Nafi' narrated that he heard Sa'id ibn Jubayr saying: I asked Ibn Abbas, and he said: God created Adam and then forgot, so he named him the human. Allah, the Almighty, said: "And We had already taken a promise from Adam before, but he forgot; and We found not in him determination." [Surah Taha 115]."
«خَلَقَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ مِنْ أَدِيمِ الْأَرْضِ كُلِّهَا فَسُمِّيَ آدَمَ» قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ فَسَمِعْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ يَقُولُ سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ فَنَسِيَ فَسُمِّيَ الْإِنْسَانَ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ ﷻ {وَلَقَدْ عَهِدْنَا إِلَى آدَمَ مِنْ قَبْلُ فَنَسِيَ وَلَمْ نَجِدْ لَهُ عَزْمًا} [طه 115]
[Machine] "When Adam ate from the tree that he was forbidden from, Allah Almighty said, 'What led you to disobey Me?' Adam replied, 'My Lord, I was seduced by Eve.' Allah said, 'Then surely I will make it so that you both feel hatred towards each other. You will feel pain and discomfort in childbirth, and I will cause you to menstruate twice a month.' When Eve heard this, she felt remorse and Adam said to her, 'You will experience menstruation and your daughters will as well.'"
لَمَّا أَكَلَ آدَمُ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ الَّتِي نُهِيَ عَنْهَا قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷻ «مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى أَنْ عَصَيْتَنِي؟» قَالَ رَبِّ زَيَّنَتْ لِي حَوَّاءُ قَالَ «فَإِنِّي أَعْقَبْتُهَا أَنْ لَا تَحْمِلَ إِلَّا كَرْهًا وَلَا تَضَعَ إِلَّا كَرْهًا وَدَمَيْتُهَا فِي الشَّهْرِ مَرَّتَيْنِ» فَلَمَّا سَمِعَتْ حَوَّاءُ ذَلِكَ رَنَّتْ فَقَالَ لَهَا عَلَيْكِ الرَّنَّةُ وَعَلَى بَنَاتِكِ
[Machine] "Whoever reads the Quran and follows what is in it, Allah guides him away from misguidance and protects him on the Day of Judgment from a bad reckoning. This is because Allah Almighty has said: 'So whoever follows My guidance will neither go astray [in the world] nor suffer [in the Hereafter].' [Surah Ta-Ha (20:123)]"
مَنْ قَرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ وَاتَّبَعَ مَا فِيهِ هَدَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الضَّلَالَةِ وَوَقَاهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ سُوءَ الْحِسَابِ وَذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ ﷻ قَالَ {فَمَنِ اتَّبَعَ هُدَايَ فَلَا يَضِلُّ وَلَا يَشْقَى} [طه 123]
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "A life of hardship." [Surah TaHa, verse 124]. He said, "The punishment of the grave."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ {مَعِيشَةً ضَنْكًا} [طه 124] قَالَ «عَذَابُ الْقَبْرِ»
[Machine] "Umm Habiba, the daughter of Abu Sufyan. O Allah, bless me with my husband, the messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and with Abu Sufyan and my brother Muawiyah." The messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said to her, "Indeed, you have called upon Allah for known periods, allotted provisions, and inevitable consequences. Nothing of them will be hastened before its time, nor delayed after its due. If you had called upon Allah to grant you good health or sought refuge in Him from the punishment of the Hellfire or the punishment of the grave, it would have been better or more virtuous."
أُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ اللَّهُمَّ مَتِّعْنِي بِزَوْجِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَبِأَخِي مُعَاوِيَةَ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِنَّكِ دَعَوْتِ اللَّهَ لِآجَالٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ وَأَرْزَاقٍ مَقْسُومَةٍ وَآثَارٍ مَبْلُوغَةٍ لَا يُعَجَّلُ شَيْءٌ مِنْهَا قَبْلَ حِلِّهِ وَلَا يُؤَخَّرُ شَيْءٌ مِنْهَا بَعْدَ حِلِّهِ فَلَوْ دَعَوْتِ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُعَافِيَكَ أَوْ سَأَلْتِ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُعِيذَكِ أَوْ يُعَافِيَكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ النَّارِ أَوْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا أَوْ لَكَانَ أَفْضَلَ»
[Machine] She said, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The trial of the grave is real. So, when asked about me, do not complain."
أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «فِتْنَةُ الْقَبْرِ فِيَّ فَإِذَا سُئِلْتُمْ عَنِّي فَلَا تَشَكُّوا»