“When you see the new crescent then fast, and when you see it then stop fasting. If it is cloudy then fast thirty days.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 1655)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ فَصُومُوا وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَأَفْطِرُوا فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَعُدُّوا ثَلَاثِينَ  

[Machine] I entered upon Ikrimah one day, and he questioned me about whether it was the 29th day of Ramadan or the 29th day of Sha'ban. I became confused and decided to fast, saying that if it was Ramadan, I would not be left behind, and if it was Sha'ban, it would be voluntary fasting. So, I entered upon Ikrimah while he was eating bread, vegetables, and yogurt. He invited me to join him for a meal, but I informed him that I was fasting. He insisted, swearing by Allah that he would make me break my fast. I said, "Glory be to Allah." He then insisted again, swearing by Allah that he would make me break my fast. And when I saw that he did not make any exceptions, I broke my fast. I had some food and felt full. Then I said, "Give me more food." He said, "I heard Ibn Abbas say that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, 'Fast when you see the new moon and break your fast when you see it. But if it is cloudy or the moon is not visible to you, then complete the month of Sha'ban and do not start Ramadan until you see the new moon.'"  

دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عِكْرِمَةَ فِي يَوْمٍ وَقَدْ أُشْكِلَ عَلَيَّ أَمِنْ رَمَضَانَ هُوَ أَمْ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ فَأَصْبَحْتُ صَائِمًا فَقُلْتُ إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ لَمْ يَسْبِقْنِي وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ كَانَ تَطَوُّعًا فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى عِكْرِمَةَ وَهُوَ يَأْكُلُ خُبْزًا وَبَقْلًا وَلَبَنًا فَقَالَ هَلُمَّ إِلَى الْغَدَاءِ قُلْتُ إِنِّي صَائِمٌ فَقَالَ أَحْلِفُ بِاللهِ لَتُفْطِرَنَّهُ قُلْتُ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ قَالَ أَحْلِفُ بِاللهِ لَتُفْطِرَنَّهُ فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُهُ لَا يَسْتَثْنِي أَفْطَرْتُ فَغَدَوْتُ بِبَعْضِ الشَّيْءِ وَأَنَا شَبْعَانٌ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ هَاتِ فَقَالَ سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ حَالَتْ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُ سَحَابَةٌ أَوْ غَيَابَةٌ فَأَكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلَا تَسْتَقْبِلُوا الشَّهْرَ اسْتِقْبَالًا لَا تَسْتَقْبِلُوا رَمَضَانَ بِيَوْمٍ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Do not begin the month by fasting a day or two unless it is something that one of you regularly fasts, and do not fast until you see it (the crescent moon), then fast until you see it (the crescent moon). If it is cloudy before you, then complete the count to thirty and then break your fast (to end the month of Sha'ban)." Abu Dawood narrated this hadith, as did Hatim ibn Abi Sajirah, Shu'bah, and Al-Hasan ibn Salih, all of whom narrated from Simak. However, they did not mention the phrase "then break your fast." The Sheikh (Al-Albani) narrated this hadith from Abu Awanah, summarizing it, and added the phrase "then break your fast."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تَقَدَّمُوا الشَّهْرَ بِصِيَامِ يَوْمٍ وَلَا يَوْمَيْنِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ شَيْئًا يَصُومُهُ أَحَدُكُمْ وَلَا تَصُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ ثُمَّ صُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ فَإِنْ حَالَ دُونَهُ غَمَامَةٌ فَأَتِمُّوا الْعِدَّةَ ثَلَاثِينَ ثُمَّ أَفْطِرُوا الشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَرَوَاهُ حَاتِمُ بْنُ أَبِي صَغِيرَةَ وَشُعْبَةُ وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ عَنْ سِمَاكٍ بِمَعْنَاهُ لَمْ يَقُولُوا ثُمَّ أَفْطِرُوا قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ عَنْ سِمَاكٍ مُخْتَصَرًا فَجَعَلَ إِكْمَالَ الْعِدَّةِ لِشَعْبَانَ  

[Machine] "That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Fast upon sighting the crescent of Ramadan and break the fast upon sighting the crescent of Shawwal. However, if a cloud or fog comes between you and the crescent, then complete thirty days of Sha'ban and do not begin Ramadan with a day of fasting from Sha'ban. And it is as if he mentioned the ruling for both sides, and each of them narrated one of the two sides."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ صُومُوا رَمَضَانَ لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ حَالَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُ غَمَامَةٌ أَوْ ضَبَابَةٌ فَأَكْمِلُوا شَهْرَ شَعْبَانَ ثَلَاثِينَ وَلَا تَسْتَقْبِلُوا رَمَضَانَ بِصَوْمِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ وَكَأَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ الْحُكْمَ فِي الطَّرَفَيْنِ جَمِيعًا فَرَوَى كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا أَحَدَ طَرَفَيْهِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Do not begin the month until you see the crescent (of the new moon) or complete the count (of days from the previous month), then fast until you see the crescent (of the new moon) or complete the count (of days). This was narrated by Jarir from Mansur, mentioned by Hudhaifah, who is trustworthy and reliable. It was also narrated by Thawri and a group of narrators from Mansur, from Rib'i, from some of the companions of the Prophet ﷺ, from the Prophet ﷺ."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تَقَدَّمُوا الشَّهْرَ حَتَّى تَرَوَا الْهِلَالَ أَوْ تُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ ثُمَّ صُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوَا الْهِلَالَ أَوْ تُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَصَلَهُ جَرِيرٌ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ بِذِكْرِ حُذَيْفَةَ فِيهِ وَهُوَ ثِقَةٌ حُجَّةٌ وَرَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ وَجَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

[Machine] I heard a man ask the Prophet ﷺ about the day in which some people doubt whether it belongs to Sha'ban or Ramadan. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Do not fast until you see the crescent moon, and do not break your fast until you see the crescent moon. But if the sky is cloudy for you, then complete the count of thirty days."  

سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنِ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي يُشَكُّ فِيهِ فَيَقُولُ بَعْضُهُمْ هَذَا مِنْ شَعْبَانَ وَبَعْضُهُمْ هَذَا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تَصُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوَا الْهِلَالَ وَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى تَرَوَا الْهِلَالَ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ ثَلَاثِينَ  

[Machine] Ammaar, the one who fasted on the Day of Doubt, has disobeyed Aba Al-Qasim ﷺ. Al-Bukhari has mentioned this in his text on the explanation of the chapter.  

عَمَّارٌ مَنْ صَامَ يَوْمَ الشَّكِّ فَقَدْ عَصَى أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ ﷺ أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ مَتْنَهُ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ الْبَابِ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ forbade fasting before Ramadan by one day, and on the day of Eid al-Adha and Eid al-Fitr, and on the days of Tashreeq, which are three days after the Day of Sacrifice. Abu Abbad is Abdullah ibn Sa'id al-Maqburi, who is not strong.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الصِّيَامِ قَبْلَ رَمَضَانَ بِيَوْمٍ وَالْأَضْحَى وَالْفِطْرِ وَأَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ بَعْدَ يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ أَبُو عَبَّادٍ هُوَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ  

[Machine] When it was the night on which the Prophet ﷺ received the first revelation of the Qur'an, he performed the Maghrib prayer, and then said, "Indeed, this month is written upon you a month of fasting, and Allah has not prescribed the optional night prayer upon you. So whoever is able to establish it should do so, for it is from the extra good deeds which Allah has prescribed for you. And whoever is not able to do so, let him sleep on his bed and not say, 'I fasted and prayed at night as so-and -so did.' Whoever fasts or prays at night, let him do it for the sake of Allah, and reduce idle talk and nonsense in the houses of Allah. And let each of you know that during the prayer you are waiting for, do not anticipate the beginning of the month from your own calculation or by sighting the moon. Fast when you see it and break the fast when you see it, but if you are unable to see it, then count Sha`ban as thirty days. And do not break the fast until the night is completely dark."  

كَانَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِذَا كَانَتِ اللَّيْلَةُ الَّتِي يُشَكُّ فِيهَا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ قَامَ حِينَ يُصَلِّي الْمَغْرِبَ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا شَهْرٌ كَتَبَ اللهُ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامَهُ وَلَمْ يَكْتُبْ عَلَيْكُمْ قِيَامَهُ فَمَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَقُومَ فَلْيَقُمْ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ نَوَافِلِ الْخَيْرِ الَّتِي أَمَرَ اللهُ ﷻ بِهَا وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَلْيَنَمْ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ وَلَا يَقُلْ قَائِلٌ إِنْ صَامَ فُلَانٌ صُمْتُ وَإِنْ قَامَ فُلَانٌ قُمْتُ فَمَنْ صَامَ أَوْ قَامَ فَلْيَجْعَلْ ذَلِكَ لِلَّهِ ﷻ أَقِلُّوا اللَّغْوَ فِي بُيُوتِ اللهِ ﷻ وَلْيَعْلَمْ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنَّهُ فِي صَلَاةٍ مَا انْتَظَرَ الصَّلَاةَ أَلَا لَا يَتَقَدَّمَنَّ الشَّهْرَ مِنْكُمْ أَحَدٌ صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَعُدُّوا شَعْبَانَ ثَلَاثِينَ ثُمَّ لَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى يَغسِقَ اللَّيْلُ عَلَى الظِّرَابِ  

[Machine] He used to give a sermon when Ramadan approached and then he would say, "This blessed month is the one in which Allah has obligated fasting and did not obligate standing in prayer. Let a person be cautious against saying, 'I am fasting' when someone else is fasting, or 'I have broken my fast' when someone else has broken their fast. Verily, fasting is not merely abstaining from food and drink, but it is also refraining from lying, falsehood, and vain talk. So do not begin the month until you see the crescent moon, then fast when you see it and break your fast when you see it. But if it is cloudy for you, then complete the count of thirty days." He used to say this after the Fajr prayer and the Asr prayer. And Abu al-Fath informed us that al-Husayn narrated to us, from Ibrahim, from Hushaym, from Mujalid, from al-Sha'bi, from Masruq, that Umar used to say something similar to that.  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَخْطُبُ إِذَا حَضَرَ رَمَضَانُ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ هَذَا الشَّهْرُ الْمُبَارَكُ الَّذِي فَرَضَ اللهُ صِيَامَهُ وَلَمْ يَفْرِضْ قِيَامَهُ لِيَحْذَرْ رَجُلٌ أَنْ يَقُولَ أَصُومُ إِذَا صَامَ فُلَانٌ أَوْ أُفْطِرُ إِذَا أَفْطَرَ فُلَانٌ أَلَا إِنَّ الصِّيَامَ لَيْسَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَالشَّرَابِ وَلَكِنْ مِنَ الْكَذِبِ وَالْبَاطِلِ وَاللَّغْوِ أَلَا لَا تَقَدَّمُوا الشَّهْرَ إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ فَصُومُوا وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَأَفْطِرُوا فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ قَالَ كَانَ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ وَصَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ 7956 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَتْحِ أنبأ الْحُسَيْنُ ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ ثنا هُشَيْمٌ عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ كَانَ يَقُولُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ  

[Machine] The translation of the given passage into English is: "Fasting on the day that remains uncertain in Ramadan."  

صَوْمِ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي يُشَكُّ فِيهِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ  

[Machine] I saw Ibn Umar commanding a man to break his fast on the day in which there was doubt.  

رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ يَأْمُرُ رَجُلًا يُفْطِرُ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي يُشَكُّ فِيهِ  

[Machine] Because to break my fast on a day during Ramadan and then make it up later is more beloved to me than to add an extra day that is not part of it.  

لَأَنْ أُفْطِرَ يَوْمًا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ أَقْضِيَهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَزِيدَ فِيهِ يَوْمًا لَيْسَ مِنْهُ  

[Machine] They differed regarding a day that is uncertain whether it is from Ramadan or from Sha'ban. We came to Anas and found him sitting, having his pre-dawn meal. We also narrated from Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman that he used to prohibit fasting on the day that is doubtful. Ibn Abbas also said that he used to say, "Distinguish between fasting in Ramadan and Sha'ban by breaking the fast."  

اخْتَلَفُوا فِي يَوْمٍ لَا يُدْرَى أَمِنْ رَمَضَانَ هُوَ أَمْ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ فَأَتَيْنَا أَنَسًا فَوَجَدْنَاهُ جَالِسًا يَتَغَدَّى وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَنْهَى عَنْ صَوْمِ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي يُشَكُّ فِيهِ وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ افْصِلُوا يَعْنِي بَيْنَ صَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ وَشَعْبَانَ بِفَطْرٍ  

the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "When half of ˹the month of˺ Shaʿbān is complete then withhold fasting until ˹the month of˺ Ramaḍān enters.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا مَضَى النِّصْفُ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ فَأَمْسِكُوا عَنِ الصِّيَامِ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ رَمَضَانُ۔»  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "When the middle of Sha'ban comes, do not fast." Al-Ala' said, "O Allah, my father narrated to me from Abu Hurayrah from the Prophet ﷺ about that."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِذَا انْتَصَفَ شَعْبَانُ فَلَا تَصُومُوا فَقَالَ الْعَلَاءُ اللهُمَّ إِنَّ أَبِي حَدَّثَنِي عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِذَلِكَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited hastening the month of Ramadan by fasting a day or two, except for a man who used to fast regularly and then would observe this fast.  

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ أَنْ يُعَجَّلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ بِصَوْمِ يَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ إِلَّا رَجُلًا كَانَ يَصُومُ صِيَامًا فَيَأْتِي ذَلِكَ عَلَى صِيَامِهِ  

[Machine] He did not fast for a month from the year except for Sha'ban, as he used to fast the entire month of Sha'ban.  

كَانَ لَا يَصُومُ مِنَ السَّنَةِ شَهْرًا إِلَّا شَعْبَانَ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يَصُومُ شَعْبَانَ كُلَّهُ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ did not fast for two consecutive months except for the months of Sha'ban and Ramadan. This is mentioned in the narration of Shu'bah and in the narration of Sufyan it is mentioned that she said, "I have never seen the Messenger of Allah ﷺ fasting for two consecutive months except that he would connect Sha'ban with Ramadan."  

النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَصُومُ شَهْرَيْنِ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا إِلَّا شَعْبَانَ وَرَمَضَانَ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ سُفْيَانَ قَالَتْ مَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَائِمًا شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَصِلُ شَعْبَانَ بِرَمَضَانَ  

She never saw the Prophet ﷺ fasting the whole month except Sha'ban which he combined with Ramadan. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2336)   

النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَصُومُ مِنَ السَّنَةِ شَهْرًا تَامًّا إِلَّا شَعْبَانَ يَصِلُهُ بِرَمَضَانَ  

[Machine] "The Prophet ﷺ said to him or to a man while he was listening, 'Did you hear any silence from the secrets of this month?' The man replied, 'No, O Messenger of Allah.' He said, 'Then if you break your fast, fast for two days in its place.'"  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ أَوْ لِرَجُلٍ وَهُوَ يَسْمَعُ صُمْتَ مِنْ سُرَرِ هَذَا الشَّهْرِ شَيْئًا؟ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ لَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ فَإِذَا أَفْطَرْتَ فَصُمْ يَوْمَيْنِ مَكَانَهُ  

[Machine] "That the Prophet ﷺ said to him or to a man, 'Did you observe any fast after mid-Sha'ban?' He said, 'No.' The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Then if you can, observe fast for two consecutive days.'"  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ أَوْ لِرَجُلٍ صُمْتَ مِنْ سُرَرِ شَعْبَانَ شَيْئًا؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَإِذَا أَفْطَرْتَ فَصُمْ يَوْمَيْنِ  

[Machine] O people, we have sighted the new moon on such and such day, and I have started fasting. Whoever wants to join me, let them do so. Malik ibn Hubayrah As-Sabai stood up and said, "O Muawiyah, is this something you heard from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , or is it your personal opinion?" Muawiyah replied, "I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, 'Begin fasting when you sight the month's new moon, and end it when you sight the new moon again.'" Abu Ali informed us, who was informed by Abu Bakr, who was informed by Abu Dawood, who was informed by Sulaiman ibn Abdul Rahman Ad-Dimashqi about this hadith. Al-Waleed said, "I heard Abu Amr, meaning Al-Awzaai, say that the beginning of the month is determined by the sighting of the new moon. Abu Dawood informed us, who was informed by Ahmad ibn Abdullah Al-Wahid, who was informed by Abu Mushir, who said that Saeed ibn Abdil Aziz used to say that the beginning of the month is determined by the sighting of the new moon, whether it is one or two days before the expected day of sighting. This is his practice for fasting at the end of every month." It is also said that he meant the middle of the month and the inner part of everything. Allah knows best.  

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا قَدْ رَأَيْنَا الْهِلَالَ يَوْمَ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَأَنَا مُتَقَدِّمٌ بِالصِّيَامِ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَفْعَلَهُ فَلْيَفْعَلْهُ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ مَالِكُ بْنُ هُبَيْرَةَ السَّبَائِيُّ فَقَالَ يَا مُعَاوِيَةُ أَشَيْءٌ سَمِعْتَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَمْ شَيْءٌ مِنْ رَأْيِكَ؟ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ صُومُوا الشَّهْرَ وَسِرَّهُ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ أَنْبَأَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الدِّمَشْقِيِّ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ الْوَلِيدُ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَمْرٍو يَعْنِي الْأَوْزَاعِيَّ يَقُولُ سِرُّهُ أَوَّلُهُ قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ ثنا أَبُو مُسْهِرٍ قَالَ كَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ يَقُولُ سِرُّهُ أَوَّلُهُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ سَرُّهُ آخِرُهُ وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ وَأَرَادَ بِهِ الْيَوْمَ أَوِ الْيَوْمَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ يَسْتَتِرُ فِيهِمَا الْقَمَرُ قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الشَّكِّ أَوْ أَرَادَ بِهِ صِيَامَ آخِرِ الشَّهْرِ مَعَ يَوْمِ الشَّكِّ إِذَا وَافَقَ ذَلِكَ عَادَتَهُ فِي صَوْمِ آخِرِ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ وَقِيلَ أَرَادَ بِسِرِّهِ وَسَطَهُ وَسِرُّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ جَوْفُهُ فَعَلَى هَذَا أَرَادَ أَيَّامَ الْبِيضِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] He broke his fast one day during Ramadan due to the wording of a hadith from Rawh. In another narration, it states that he broke his fast for more than a month when he was overcome by distress and did not say "Mawla" to the Banu Nasr.  

أُفْطِرَ يَوْمًا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ رَوْحٍ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ إِذَا غُمَّ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ مَوْلًى لِبَنِي نَصْرٍ  

[Machine] She used to fast on the day that was doubtful in Ramadan. Ohthman narrated to us, Zaid bin Hubab narrated from Muawiyah bin Saleh, from Abu Maryam, from Abu Hurairah, he said, "To fast on the day that is doubtful in Sha'ban is more beloved to me than fasting one day in Ramadan." This was narrated by Abu Hurairah through this chain of narration, as well as the narration of Abu Salamah from Abu Hurairah, from the Prophet ﷺ , in the prohibition of advancing the fast except if it coincides with a fast he used to observe, which is more authentic than that. As for what has been narrated from Ali, it is only mentioned when a person testifies to seeing the moon, and that is subject to the will of Allah, the Almighty. As for the view of Ibn Umar on this matter, we have mentioned it previously, and the narration of Yazid bin Harun indicates that the view of Aisha on this matter is similar to the view of Ibn Umar regarding fasting when the month is cloudy without being clear and following the established Sunnah, which is what most of the Companions and knowledgeable people have upheld. May Allah guide us, and success is by Allah's will.  

أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَصُومُ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي يُشَكُّ فِيهِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ

قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ ثنا زَيْدُ بْنُ حُبَابٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ

لَأَنْ أَصُومَ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي يُشَكُّ فِيهِ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُفْطِرَ يَوْمًا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ كَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَرِوَايَةُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنِ التَّقَدُّمِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُوَافِقَ صَوْمًا كَانَ يَصُومُهُ أَصَحُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ فِي ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّمَا قَالَهُ عِنْدَ شَهَادَةِ رَجُلٍ عَلَى رُؤْيَةِ الْهِلَالِ وَذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى وَأَمَّا مَذْهَبُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِيمَا مَضَى وَرِوَايَةُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ مَذْهَبَ عَائِشَةَ ؓ فِي ذَلِكَ كَمَذْهَبِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي الصَّوْمِ إِذَا غُمَّ الشَّهْرُ دُونَ أَنْ يَكُونَ صَحْوًا وَمُتَابَعَةُ السُّنَّةِ الثَّابِتَةِ وَمَا عَلَيْهِ أَكْثَرُ الصَّحَابَةِ وَعَوَامِّ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَوْلَى بِنَا وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ  

[Machine] An Arab came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "I have seen the crescent moon, meaning the crescent of Ramadan." The Prophet ﷺ asked, "Do you testify that there is no god but Allah?" The man replied, "Yes." The Prophet ﷺ asked again, "Do you testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah?" Again, the man answered, "Yes." The Prophet ﷺ then said, "O Bilal, announce to the people to fast tomorrow."  

جَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ الْهِلَالَ يَعْنِي هِلَالَ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ أَتَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ أَتَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ يَا بِلَالُ أَذِّنْ فِي النَّاسِ أَنْ يَصُومُوا غَدًا 7974 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارِ بْنِ الرَّيَّانِ ثنا الْوَلِيدُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي ثَوْرٍ عَنْ سِمَاكٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ يَعْنِي هِلَالَ رَمَضَانَ  

[Machine] An Arab man came to the Prophet ﷺ on the night of the sighting of the moon of Ramadan and said, "O Messenger of Allah, I have seen the new moon." The Prophet asked him, "Do you bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah?" He replied, "Yes." The Prophet then proclaimed, "Fast tomorrow." This narration has been reported by Abu Asim from Al-Thawri, with an unbroken chain of transmission. It has also been narrated by others from Al-Thawri through a disconnected chain of transmission.  

جَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَيْلَةَ هِلَالِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ الْهِلَالَ فَقَالَ أَتَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَنَادَى أَنْ صُومُوا وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ مَوْصُولًا وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُمَا عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ مُرْسَلًا  

[Machine] That they neither stood nor fasted. So, an Arab of the Bedouins came and testified that he had seen the crescent moon. So, the Prophet ﷺ was brought to him, and he said: "Do you testify that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah?" He said: "Yes." And he testified that he had seen the crescent moon. So, he ordered Bilal to announce to the people to stand and fast. Abu Dawood narrated it and a group also narrated it from Simak from Ikrimah as a Mursal hadith, and no one mentioned standing except Hammam bin Salamah. Al-Shaykh said: This is the Hadith of Hammam.  

أَنْ لَا يَقُومُوا وَلَا يَصُومُوا فَجَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ مِنَ الْحَرَّةِ فَشَهِدَ أَنَّهُ رَأَى الْهِلَالَ فَأُتِيَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَتَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَشَهِدَ أَنَّهُ رَأَى الْهِلَالَ فَأَمَرَ بِلَالًا فَنَادَى فِي النَّاسِ أَنْ يَقُومُوا وَأَنْ يَصُومُوا قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَرَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ سِمَاكٍ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ مُرْسَلًا وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْقِيَامَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ حَدِيثُ حَمَّادٍ  

[Machine] The people sighted the moon, so I informed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that I had seen it. He fasted and commanded the people to fast as well. Abu Abdur-Rahman As-Sulami narrated to us, saying: Ali ibn Umar Al-Hafiz narrated to us, that Marwan ibn Muhammad narrated to him, from Ibn Wahb, who is trustworthy. The sheikh said: This hadith is considered unique to Marwan ibn Muhammad Ad-Dimashqi.  

تَرَاءَى النَّاسُ الْهِلَالَ فَأَخْبَرْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَنِّي رَأَيْتُهُ فَصَامَ وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ بِصِيَامِهِ وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ وَهُوَ ثِقَةٌ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يُعَدُّ فِي أَفْرَادِ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الدِّمَشْقِيِّ  

[Machine] To explain and in reference to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ , they said that he allowed the testimony of a man based on his sighting of the Ramadan crescent. However, they also said that the Prophet ﷺ did not allow the testimony of the sighting of the moon for breaking the fast unless it was testified by two men. Abu Nasr 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz ibn 'Umar ibn Qatadah al-Ansari informed us that Abu Ahmad al-Husayn ibn 'Ali al-Tamimi informed us that Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad ibn Mukhled ibn Hafs al-Duriy informed us that Yahya ibn 'Ayyash informed us that Hafs ibn 'Umar Abu Ismail al-Ubli informed us that Abu 'Awanah and Mas'ar mentioned it, and this is not a credible source to rely on. And what has been mentioned is sufficient.  

أَنْ يُجِيزَهُ وَقَالَا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ رَجُلٍ عَلَى رُؤْيَةِ هِلَالِ رَمَضَانَ قَالَا وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يُجِيزُ عَلَى شَهَادَةِ الْإِفْطَارِ إِلَّا شَهَادَةَ رَجُلَيْنِ 7980 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ التَّمِيمِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدِ بْنِ حَفْصٍ الدُّورِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ ثنا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ أَبُو إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْأُبُلِّيُّ ثنا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ وَمِسْعَرٌ فَذَكَرَهُ وَهَذَا مِمَّا لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُحْتَجَّ بِهِ وَفِيمَا مَضَى كِفَايَةٌ  

[Machine] A man recounted that he witnessed with Ali the sighting of the new moon of Ramadan, so he fasted and I think he said to the people to also fast. He said, "I fast one day from Sha'ban, which is more beloved to me than breaking the fast one day in Ramadan."  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا شَهِدَ عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ ؓ عَلَى رُؤْيَةِ هِلَالِ رَمَضَانَ فَصَامَ وَأَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يَصُومُوا وَقَالَ أَصُومُ يَوْمًا مِنْ شَعْبَانَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُفْطِرَ يَوْمًا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ  

[Machine] Omar's letter came to us while we were in Khanqeen. The crescent moons vary in size. So, if you happen to see the crescent moon during the day, do not break your fast until the evening, unless two Muslim men testify that they saw it the previous evening.  

جَاءَنَا كِتَابُ عُمَرُ وَنَحْنُ بِخَانِقِينَ إِنَّ الْأَهِلَّةَ بَعْضُهَا أَكْبَرُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ نَهَارًا فَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى تُمْسُوا إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْهَدَ رَجُلَانِ مُسْلِمَانِ أَنَّهُمَا أَهَلَّاهُ بِالْأَمْسِ عَشِيَّةً هَكَذَا  

[Machine] Narrated Sufyan, and he added to it: "When you see the new moon at the beginning of the day, do not break your fast until two just men witness that they sighted it yesterday evening." Abu Bakr bin Al-Harith Al-Faqih informed us: Ali bin Umar Al-Hafiz narrated to us from Abu Bakr An-Naysaburi from Hajib bin Sulaiman from Muammal bin Ismail from Sufyan from Mansour, and he mentioned it. Ali said to us: Abu Bakr told us, "If Muammal narrates it to you, then it is a rare narration. And Imām Abdul Rahman bin Mahdi contradicted it." The Sheikh said, "And this wording has been narrated to us."  

عَنْ سُفْيَانَ فَزَادَ فِيهِ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ أَوَّلَ النَّهَارِ فَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى يَشْهَدَ رَجُلَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ أَنَّهُمَا أَهَلَّاهُ بِالْأَمْسِ عَشِيَّةً أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ ثنا حَاجِبُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ثنا مُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ثنا سُفْيَانُ حَدَّثَنِي مَنْصُورٌ فَذَكَرَهُ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ قَالَ لَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِنْ كَانَ مُؤَمَّلٌ حَفِظَهُ فَهُوَ غَرِيبٌ وَخَالَفَهُ إِمَامُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَهَذَا اللَّفْظُ قَدْ  

[Machine] نقلا عن الأعمش  

عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ كَمَا  

[Machine] "To break your fast when the sun sets completely for thirty days, and if you see it after the sun has set, do not break your fast until you have completed a day of fasting like this."  

أَنْ تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ لِتَمَامِ ثَلَاثِينَ فَأَفْطِرُوا وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ بَعْدَمَا تَزُولُ الشَّمْسُ فَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى تَصُومُوا هَكَذَا  

[Machine] And he said, "No, not until it is seen from where it is seen during the night."  

وَقَالَ لَا حَتَّى يُرَى مِنْ حَيْثُ يُرَى بِاللَّيْلِ  

(Another chain) with similar meaning. (Using translation from Tirmidhī 3093)   

بْنِ عَفَّانَ وَعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ  

"Whoever does not have the intention of fasting before dawn, then there is no fast for him."(Daif) (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2331)   

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ لَمْ يُبَيِّتِ الصِّيَامَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ فَلَا صِيَامَ لَهُ  

A man said to Messenger of Allah ﷺ: Messenger of Allah, I was overtaken by dawn while I was sexually defiled, and I want to keep fast. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: I am also overtaken by dawn while I am in the state of sexual defilement ; I also want to keep fast. I take a bath and I keep fast. The man said: Messenger of Allah, you are not like us ; Allah has forgiven you your past and future sins. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ became angry and said: “I swear by Allah, I hope I shall be the most fearful of you of Allah, and most familiar of you with what I follow.” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2389)   

لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَهِيَ تَسْمَعُ إِنِّي أُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ الصِّيَامَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا أُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ الصِّيَامَ فَأَغْتَسِلُ ثُمَّ أَصُومُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ مِثْلَنَا قَدْ غَفَرَ اللهُ لَكَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ أَكُونَ أَخْشَاكُمْ لِلَّهِ وَأَعْلَمَكُمْ بِمَا أَتَّقِي تَابَعَهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْوَجْهِ  

Messenger of Allah, (the time) of prayer overtakes me as I am in a state of junub; should I observe fast (in this state)? Upon this the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: (At times the time) of prayer overtakes me while I am in a state of junub, and I observe fast (in that very state), whereupon he said: Messenger of Allah, you are not like us Allah has pardoned all your sins, the previous ones and the later ones. Upon this he (the Holy Prophet) said: By Allah, I hope I am the most God-fearirg of you, and possess the best knowledge among you of those (things) against which I should guard. (Using translation from Muslim 1110)   

جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَسْتَفْتِيهِ وَعَائِشَةُ ؓ تَسْمَعُ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْبَابِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ تُدْرِكُنِي الصَّلَاةُ وَأَنَا جُنُبٌ فَأَصُومُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا تُدْرِكُنِي الصَّلَاةُ وَأَنَا جُنُبٌ فَأَصُومُ فَقَالَ لَسْتَ مِثْلَنَا قَدْ غَفَرَ اللهُ لَكَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ فَقَالَ وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ أَكُونَ أَخْشَاكُمْ لِلَّهِ وَأَعْلَمَكُمْ بِمَا أَتَّقِي  

[Machine] Aisha and Umm Salamah, the wives of the Prophet ﷺ , said: "If the Messenger of Allah ﷺ woke up in a state of sexual impurity without having had a wet dream, and then observed fasting, it would count as fasting for 7992 (days)." Abu Ahmad al-Mihrajani informed us that Abu Bakr ibn Ja'far al-Muzakki reported to us that Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-'Abdi narrated to us from Ibn Bukair from Malik, and he mentioned it in his text regarding Ramadan, and then he observed fasting.  

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجَيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُمَا قَالَتَا إِنْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَيُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا مِنْ جِمَاعٍ غَيْرِ احْتِلَامٍ ثُمَّ يَصُومُ 7992 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَبْدِيُّ ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ ثنا مَالِكٌ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ زَادَ فِي مَتْنِهِ فِي رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ يَصُومُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to wake up in a state of impurity from sexual intercourse, not from a wet dream, then he would neither break his fast nor perform ritual purification.  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا مِنْ جِمَاعٍ لَا مِنْ حُلْمٍ ثُمَّ لَا يُفْطِرُ وَلَا يَقْضِي  

[Machine] The messenger of Allah, ﷺ , used to experience dawn in Ramadan while in a state of impurity without having a wet dream. He would then purify himself and observe fasting.  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُدْرِكُهُ الْفَجْرُ فِي رَمَضَانَ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ حُلْمٍ فَيَغْتَسِلُ وَيَصُومُ  

[Machine] Hudhayfah said: Whoever wakes up in a state of major impurity (janabah), he should fast that day. Marwan then said: I swear by Allah, O Abdur-Rahman, you must go to the Mothers of the Believers, Aisha and Umm Salamah, and ask them about that. Abu Bakr said: So Abdur-Rahman went and I went with him until we entered upon Aisha. Abdur-Rahman greeted her and said: O Mother of the Believers, we were with Marwan and it was mentioned to him that Abu Hurayrah said: Whoever wakes up in a state of major impurity (janabah), he should fast that day. Aisha said: It is not as Abu Hurayrah said. O Abdur-Rahman, do you desire something that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did? Abdur-Rahman said: No, by Allah. Aisha said: Then I bear witness to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that he would wake up in a state of major impurity (janabah) from sexual intercourse, other than a wet dream, and then he would fast that day. Aisha said: Afterwards we left until we entered upon Umm Salamah. Abdur-Rahman asked her about that, and she said the same thing as Aisha. Then we left until we came to Marwan, and Abdur-Rahman said to him: What did they say? Marwan said: I swear by you, O Abu Muhammad, that you must ride my mount at the door (of the Masjid), and go to Abu Hurayrah and inform him of that. So Abdur-Rahman rode, and I rode with him, until we came to Abu Hurayrah and Abdur-Rahman spoke to him for a while. Then he mentioned that to him, and Abu Hurayrah said: I have no knowledge of that. Only one informant told me  

هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ مَنْ أَصْبَحَ جُنُبًا أَفْطَرَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ فَقَالَ مَرْوَانُ أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ لَتَذْهَبَنَّ إِلَى أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَائِشَةَ وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ فَلَتَسْأَلَنَّهُمَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَذَهَبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَذَهَبْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى دَخَلْنَا عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ فَقَالَ يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّا كُنَّا عِنْدَ مَرْوَانَ فَذُكِرَ لَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ مَنْ أَصْبَحَ جُنُبًا أَفْطَرَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ لَيْسَ كَمَا قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ أَتَرْغَبُ عَمَّا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَفْعَلُهُ؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ لَا وَاللهِ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ؓ فَأَشْهَدُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِنْ كَانَ لَيُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا مِنْ جِمَاعٍ غَيْرِ احْتِلَامٍ ثُمَّ يَصُومُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ قَالَ ثُمَّ خَرَجْنَا حَتَّى دَخَلْنَا عَلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ فَسَأَلَهَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَتْ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَخَرَجْنَا حَتَّى جِئْنَا مَرْوَانَ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ مَا قَالَتَا؟ فَقَالَ مَرْوَانُ أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ لَتَرْكَبَنَّ دَابَّتِي بِالْبَابِ فَلَتَأْتِيَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ فَلَتُخْبِرَنَّهُ بِذَلِكَ فَرَكِبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَرَكِبْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى أَتَيْنَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ فَتَحَدَّثَ مَعَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ لَا عِلْمَ لِي بِذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا أَخْبَرَنِي مُخْبِرٌ  

[Machine] "Abdullah al-Hafiz informed Abu Abdullah al-Shaybani, who narrated from Ibrahim ibn Abi Talib, who narrated from Muhammad ibn Rafi', who narrated from Abdul Razzaq, who narrated from Ibn Jurayj, who reported from Abdul Malik ibn Abi Bakr ibn Abdul Rahman, who narrated from his father Abu Bakr, meaning his father, who said: I heard Abu Huraira saying about his stories, 'Whoever experiences sexual emission before dawn should not fast.' Then I mentioned this to Abdul Rahman ibn Al-Harith, his father, and he denied it. So Abdul Rahman went and I went with him until we entered upon Aisha and Umm Salama. Abdul Rahman asked them about this matter, and they both said, 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would wake up in a state of junub (ritual impurity after sexual intercourse) sometimes without dreaming, and then he would fast.' So we left until we reached Marwan, and Abdul Rahman mentioned this to him. Marwan said, 'I wanted to scold you except that you went to Abu Huraira and mentioned to him what he said.' So we went to Abu Huraira, and Abu Bakr was present throughout all of this. Abdul Rahman mentioned this to him, and Abu Huraira said, 'I heard this from Fadl ibn Abbas, and I did not hear it from the Prophet ﷺ .' Then Abu Huraira abandoned what he used to say about this matter. I said to Abdul Malik, 'Did they say this about Ramadan?' He said, 'Yes, he would sometimes wake up in a state of junub without dreaming, and then he would fast.'"  

عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أنبأ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ يَعْنِي أَبَاهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ فِي قَصَصِهِ مَنْ أَدْرَكَهُ الْفَجْرُ جُنُبًا فَلَا يَصُمْ قَالَ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ لِأَبِيهِ فَأَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ فَانْطَلَقَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَانْطَلَقْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى دَخَلْنَا عَلَى عَائِشَةَ وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ؓ فَسَأَلَهُمَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَكِلْتَاهُمَا قَالَتْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا مِنْ غَيْرِ حُلْمٍ ثُمَّ يَصُومُ قَالَ فَانْطَلَقْنَا حَتَّى دَخَلْنَا عَلَى مَرْوَانَ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ فَقَالَ مَرْوَانُ عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا مَا ذَهَبْتَ إِلَى أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَرَدَدْتَ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَقُولُ قَالَ فَجِئْنَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ حَاضِرٌ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ قَالَ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ سَمِعْتُ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَلَمْ أَسْمَعْهُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ فَرَجَعَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَمَّا كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي ذَلِكَ قُلْتُ لِعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ قَالَتَا فِي رَمَضَانَ؟ قَالَ كَذَلِكَ يُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا مِنْ غَيْرِ حُلْمٍ ثُمَّ يَصُومُ  

[Machine] "About his statement before his death."  

عَنْ قَوْلِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ  

[Machine] About his statement, "returning to cleanliness means in the south when he wakes up and does not perform ablution," we were narrated by Abu Bakr ibn al-Mundhir that he said, "The best thing that I have heard in this matter is that it is applicable to abrogation. This is because sexual intercourse was forbidden for the fasting person at the beginning of Islam during the night after sleeping, similar to eating and drinking. So when Allah permitted sexual intercourse until dawn, it became permissible for the person in a state of impurity when he wakes up before performing ablution to fast that day due to the restriction being lifted. Therefore, Abu Hurairah used to issue opinions based on what he heard from Fadl ibn Abbas regarding the first ruling, and he was not aware of the abrogation. But when he heard the narration of Aisha and Umm Salamah, he changed his opinion accordingly."  

عَنْ قَوْلِهِ رُجُوعًا حَسَنًا يَعْنِي فِي الْجُنُبِ إِذَا أَصْبَحَ وَلَمْ يَغْتَسِلْ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ أَحْسَنَ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِي هَذَا أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ مَحْمُولًا عَلَى النَّسْخِ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْجِمَاعَ كَانَ فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ مُحَرَّمًا عَلَى الصَّائِمِ فِي اللَّيْلِ بَعْدَ النَّوْمِ كَالطَّعَامِ وَالشَّرَابِ فَلَمَّا أَبَاحَ اللهُ ﷻ الْجِمَاعَ إِلَى طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ جَازَ لِلْجُنُبِ إِذَا أَصْبَحَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ أَنْ يَصُومَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ لِارْتِفَاعِ الْحَظْرِ فَكَانَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يُفْتِي بِمَا سَمِعَهُ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَلَى الْأَمْرِ الْأَوَّلِ وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِالنَّسْخِ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ خَبَرَ عَائِشَةَ وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ صَارَ إِلَيْهِ  

[Machine] "When the verse {And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]} [Surah Al-Baqarah: 187] was revealed, I hung two headbands, one white and one black, under my pillow. I would wake up at night and look, but it would not become clear to me. When morning came, I went to the Prophet ﷺ and informed him. He smiled and said, 'If your pillow is thick, then it is the whiteness of the day due to the darkness of the night.'"  

لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ {وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ} [البقرة 187] مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ الْآيَةَ عَمَدْتُ إِلَى عِقَالَيْنِ عِقَالٍ أَبْيَضَ وَعِقَالٍ أَسْوَدَ فَجَعَلْتُهُمَا تَحْتَ وِسَادَتِي فَجَعَلْتُ أَقُومُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَأَنْظُرُ فَلَا يَتَبَيَّنُ لِي فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْتُ غَدَوْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَضَحِكَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ وِسَادُكَ لَعَرِيضًا إِنَّمَا ذَاكَ بَيَاضُ النَّهَارِ مِنْ سَوَادِ اللَّيْلِ  

[Machine] This verse was revealed {and eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread} [Surah Al-Baqarah 187], and it did not reveal {of dawn} [Surah Al-Baqarah 187]. He said, "There were men among us who, when they wanted to fast, would tie a white thread and a black thread around one of their legs. He would continue to eat and drink until he could distinguish between the two threads. Then Allah, the Most High, revealed after that {of dawn} [Surah Al-Baqarah 187], so they knew that it only meant the night and the day." Ibn Abi Maryam said, "Ibn Abi Hazim narrated to me from his father from Sahl bin Saad in a similar manner."  

نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ} [البقرة 187] وَلَمْ يَنْزِلْ {مِنَ الْفَجْرِ} [البقرة 187] قَالَ وَكَانَ رِجَالٌ إِذَا أَرَادُوا الصَّوْمَ رَبَطَ أَحَدُهُمْ فِي رِجْلَيْهِ الْخَيْطَ الْأَبْيَضَ وَالْخَيْطَ الْأَسْوَدَ فَلَا يَزَالُ يَأْكُلُ وَيَشْرَبُ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُ رُؤْيَتُهُمَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ {مِنَ الْفَجْرِ} [البقرة 187] فَعَلِمُوا أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ وَحَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ بِنَحْوِهِ  

The Adhan of Bilal may not mislead you with regard to your food at the commencement of the fast, nor the vertical (streaks) of whiteness in the horizon (for it is an indication of false dawn). You should stop eating (food) till (the whiteness) spreads like it. Hammad narrated it and with the gesture of his band he explained, the horizontal position (of the streaks of light). (Using translation from Muslim 1094c)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يَغُرَّنَّكُمْ مِنْ سُحُورِكُمْ أَذَانُ بِلَالٍ وَلَا بَيَاضُ الْأُفُقِ الْمُسْتَطِيلِ هَكَذَا حَتَّى يَسْتَطِيرَ هَكَذَا وَحَكَى حَمَّادٌ بِيَدِهِ قَالَ يَعْنِي مُعْتَرِضًا